scholarly journals Promoting youth mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255294
Author(s):  
Maya L. Rosen ◽  
Alexandra M. Rodman ◽  
Steven W. Kasparek ◽  
Makeda Mayes ◽  
Malila M. Freeman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
News Media ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Externalizing Psychopathology ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Face ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
At Home

The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced novel stressors into the lives of youth. Identifying factors that protect against the onset of psychopathology in the face of these stressors is critical. We examine a wide range of factors that may protect youth from developing psychopathology during the pandemic. We assessed pandemic-related stressors, internalizing and externalizing psychopathology, and potential protective factors by combining two longitudinal samples of children and adolescents (N = 224, 7–10 and 13–15 years) assessed prior to the pandemic, during the stay-at-home orders, and six months later. We evaluated how family behaviors during the stay-at-home orders were related to changes in psychopathology during the pandemic, identified factors that moderate the association of pandemic-related stressors with psychopathology, and determined whether associations varied by age. Internalizing and externalizing psychopathology increased substantially during the pandemic. Higher exposure to pandemic-related stressors was associated with increases in internalizing and externalizing symptoms early in the pandemic and six months later. Having a structured routine, less passive screen time, lower exposure to news media about the pandemic, and to a lesser extent more time in nature and getting adequate sleep were associated with reduced psychopathology. The association between pandemic-related stressors and psychopathology was reduced for youths with limited passive screen time and was absent for children, but not adolescents, with lower news media consumption related to the pandemic. We provide insight into simple, practical steps families can take to promote resilience against mental health problems in youth during the COVID-19 pandemic and protect against psychopathology following pandemic-related stressors.

Promoting youth mental health during COVID-19: A Longitudinal Study spanning pre- and post-pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya L. Rosen ◽  
Alexandra M Rodman ◽  
Steven William Kasparek ◽  
Makeda Mayes ◽  
Malila M. Freeman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
News Media ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Face ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing ◽  
At Home

The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced many novel stressors into the lives of youth. Identifying factors that protect against the onset of psychopathology in the face of these pandemic-related stressors is critical. We examine a wide range of factors that may protect youth from developing psychopathology during the pandemic. We assessed pandemic-related stressors, internalizing and externalizing psychopathology, and potentially protective factors in a longitudinal sample of children and adolescents (N=224, 7-15 years) assessed prior to the pandemic, during the stay-at-home orders, and six months later. We evaluate how family behaviors during the stay-at-home orders are related to changes in psychopathology relative to the assessment prior to the pandemic, identify factors that moderate the association of pandemic-related stressors with psychopathology, and determine whether these associations vary by age. Higher exposure to pandemic-related stressors was associated with increases in both internalizing and externalizing symptoms and this association persisted six months later. Greater engagement in exercise, a structured routine, greater time spent in nature, and less screen time, were associated with reduced internalizing and externalizing problems. The association between pandemic-related stressors and increases in psychopathology was significantly lower for youths with limited passive screen time, and marginally so for those with more time outdoors. The strong association between pandemic-related stressors and internalizing symptoms was absent among children, but not adolescents, with lower news media consumption related to the pandemic both concurrently and prospectively. We provide insight into simple and practical steps that families can take that may promote resilience against mental health problems in youth during the COVID-19 pandemic and protect against psychopathology following pandemic-related stressors.

Emotion Based Music Recommendation System

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1674-1680
Author(s):  
Dhruv Piyush Parikh
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Facial Expression ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Recommendation System ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Expression Recognition ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Face

Abstract: Our world today is driven by machines of various complexities. From a basic one like a computer to a highly complex humanoid robot, everything is a product of human intelligence. A lot of industries are being benefited from such new technologies. Facial Expression Recognition is one of these technologies. It has a wide range of applications and is an area that is constantly evolving. The analogy behind it is, when we gaze at someone, the eyes send signals to the brain. The face patterns of that specific person are carried by these messages. These patterns are then compared to those stored in the brain's memory. Inspired by such innovations, our research collects human expressions and analyses their emotions using our vast dataset, offering some necessary strategies to change their facial expressions. Due to the competitive environment, the youth of our generation has been inclined to a lot of mental health problems such as anxiety and depression. Our generation's youth has been predisposed to a variety of mental health issues. Our idea attempts to provide a relaxing atmosphere to a person based on his or her facial expressions. Keywords: Facial Expression, Face Recognition, Python, PyWhatkit, OpenCV.

scholarly journals Engaging with and Shaping Nature: A Nature-Based Intervention for Those with Mental Health and Behavioural Problems at the Westonbirt Arboretum in England

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liz O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Behavioural Problems ◽  
Supportive Environment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Causes Of Disease ◽  
Repeat Visits

Mental health problems have become one of the leading causes of disease burden worldwide. This study used qualitative mixed methods including in-situ ‘being and doing’ activities with participants, interviews, and participant observations to explore participant’s experiences of a multi-visit nature-based intervention at Westonbirt Arboretum in England. The research found that three engagement types: (1) social, (2) woodland craft, and (3) creative and sensory, provided a meaningful programme to engage those with mental health, addiction, autism and behavioural problems. These types of engagement conferred a wide range of well-being benefits on participants. The study highlights key elements of the programme that were effective including the importance of repeat visits to nature to enable familiarity, using creative, sensory and craft activities, creating a supportive environment, involving the volunteers, and understanding the needs of participants and the organisations that work with them. The research suggests that nature-based programmes can be designed to be flexible and adaptable to meet the needs of participants with mental health and behavioural problems. Small numbers of participants can be involved in an intensive and immersive way that encourages an emotional affinity with nature. Inclusive and supportive programmes are particularly important for those who are vulnerable, as they are less likely to engage with nature than the wider population.

scholarly journals Mental health and psychosocial characteristics of breast augmentation patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1270-1284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tilmann von Soest ◽  
Leila Torgersen ◽  
Ingela Lundin Kvalem
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Breast Augmentation ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Breast Surgery ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Psychosocial Characteristics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mother And Child

Cosmetic breast surgery experience and a wide range of mental health, psychosocial, and sociodemographic variables were assessed in the population-based Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study ( N = 78,252). Breast augmentation patients reported elevated mental health problems. Factors in the domains of physical appearance, drug use, relationships, and exposure to abuse were all related to breast augmentation. Adjusting for such factors reduced the relationships between breast augmentation surgery and all mental health problems to non-significance. Results indicate that the increased prevalence of mental health problems among breast augmentation patients has to be understood from multiple perspectives involving several psychosocial domains.

scholarly journals How psychiatrists can engage with the media

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Bithell
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
New Media ◽  
News Media ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Daily News ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Time Frames

SummaryThe media offers opportunities for psychiatrists to communicate with a wide and varied audience, thereby influencing the views of the public and policy makers on mental health issues. There are many different types of media outlet, including daily news media, documentary makers, specialist media, features and comment, and new media. The Science Media Centre is an independent press office that aims to help ensure that the views of scientists, clinicians and researchers are heard in the UK national news media when their area of expertise hits the headlines. In the news media, journalists work to tight time frames and often focus on sensational and controversial topics, presenting challenges for those wanting to engage. For experts to work effectively with the news media it helps to understand more about the way the media works and how to develop necessary skills. Psychiatrists who do work successfully with the media can help ensure that the public receive accurate information about mental health problems, and gain an appreciation of the importance of research in the field and a better understanding of the role of the psychiatrist.

scholarly journals Cross-lagged model of bullying victimization and mental health problems in children with autism in middle to older childhood

Autism ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 136236132094751
Author(s):  
Geovanna Rodriguez ◽  
Kim Drastal ◽  
Sigan L Hartley
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Bullying Victimization ◽  
Autism Symptoms ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Being Bullied ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

Youth with autism spectrum conditions have been shown to be at an increased risk for bullying victimization. The overall aim of this study was to identify factors associated with increased risk for bullying victimization in youth with autism during middle childhood to early adolescence (aged 5–12 years) and to explore the potential time-ordered associations between bullying victimization and mental health problems 12 months later. The average age of the youth with autism was 7.90 years ( SD = 2.33), 86% were male, 34.6% had an intellectual disability, and 84% were White, non-Hispanic. Youth with autism who experienced bullying victimization (vs no victimization) were older in age, had more severe autism symptoms, and higher levels of internalizing and externalizing mental health problems at study onset. Using two cross-lagged structural equation models, the associations between maternal report of youth bullying victimization and teacher report of youth mental health problems using two waves of data were tested. Internalizing and externalizing mental health problems at Time 1 did not relate to change in likelihood of being bullied 1 year later. In contrast, bullying victimization at Time 1 was associated with an increase in internalizing mental health problems ( β = 0.24, p < 0.05). Lay Abstract Youth with autism spectrum disorders are disproportionately at risk for bullying victimization compared to typically developing children and adolescents. While internalizing and externalizing mental health problems have been linked to victimization experiences, few studies have examined the longitudinal effects bullying victimization experiences may have on youth mental health outcomes. The present study investigated longitudinal associations between bullying victimization and mental health problems in a sample of children with autism in middle childhood to early adolescence (aged 5 to 12 years). Findings from our study suggest that youth with autism who experienced bullying victimization (versus no victimization) were older in age, had more severe autism symptoms, and higher levels of internalizing and externalizing mental health problems at study onset. Though externalizing mental health problems at study onset (Time 1) did not relate to change in the likelihood of being bullied one year later (Time 2), experiences of bullying victimization did relate to an increase in parent reports of internalizing mental health problems. This study expanded on previous cross-sectional studies by including two waves of data in a relatively large sample of youth with autism and highlights important information that may be helpful in adapting approaches to intervention at the individual level. Moreover, our findings support the need for bullying programs that may need to focus particular attention to subgroups of youth with autism who may be most at-risk for bullying victimization such as those with more autism symptoms and those with past experiences of victimization (given the chronic nature of bullying).

The Self and Mental Health: Self-Salience and the Emergence of Internalizing and Externalizing Problems

2005 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Rosenfield ◽  
Mary Clare Lennon ◽  
Helene Raskin White
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Externalizing Behaviors ◽  
The Self ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Problems ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

How do schemas about self-salience—the importance of the self versus the collective in social relations—affect mental health? We propose that self-salience shapes the likelihood of experiencing internalizing or externalizing problems. Schemas that privilege others over the self increase the risk of internalizing symptoms, including depressive symptoms and anxiety, whereas those that privilege the self over others predispose individuals to externalizing behaviors of antisocial behavior and substance abuse. Furthermore, we propose that these schemas contribute to the gender differences that exist in these problems. We test these predictions with data from adolescents, the stage at which these problems and the gender differences in them arise. Results show that self-salience underlies both internalizing and externalizing problems. In addition, schemas about self-salience help explain the gender differences found in mental health problems.

A Systematic Review of Health Outcomes Among Disaster and Humanitarian Responders

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 635-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie C. Garbern ◽  
Laura G. Ebbeling ◽  
Susan A. Bartels
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Heat Stroke ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractIntroductionDisaster and humanitarian responders are at-risk of experiencing a wide range of physical and psychological health conditions, from minor injuries to chronic mental health problems and fatalities. This article reviews the current literature on the major health outcomes of responders to various disasters and conflicts in order to better inform individuals of the risks and to inform deploying agencies of the health care needs of responders.MethodsIn March 2014, an EMBASE search was conducted using pre-defined search criteria. Two reviewers screened the resultant 2,849 abstracts and the 66 full-length manuscripts which are included in the review.ResultsThe majority of research on health outcomes of responders focused on mental health (57 of 66 articles). Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression were the most studied diagnoses with prevalence of PTSD ranging from 0%-34% and depression from 21%-53%. Physical health outcomes were much less well-studied and included a wide range of environmental, infectious, and traumatic conditions such as heat stroke, insect bites, dermatologic, gastrointestinal, and respiratory diseases, as well as burns, fractures, falls, and other traumatic injuries.ConclusionsThe prevalence of mental health disorders in responders may vary more and be higher than previously suggested. Overall health outcomes of responders are likely poorly monitored and under-reported. Improved surveillance systems and risk mitigation strategies should be employed in all disaster and conflict responses to better protect individual responders.GarbernSC,EbbelingLG,BartelsSA.A systematic review of health outcomes among disaster and humanitarian responders.Prehosp Disaster Med.2016;31(6):635–642.

Home treatment for mental health problems: a systematic review

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. CATTY ◽  
T. BURNS ◽  
M. KNAPP ◽  
H. WATT ◽  
C. WRIGHT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Home Treatment ◽  
Randomized Studies ◽  
Service Components ◽  
And Control ◽  
At Home

Background. Concerns have been raised about the scope and generalizability of much community mental health research. In particular, both experimental and control services are poorly characterized.Methods. To review the effectiveness of ‘home treatment’ for mental health problems in terms of hospitalization, we conducted a systematic review, using Cochrane methodology but with a wider remit. Non-randomized studies were included in response to concerns about RCTs’ generalizability. All authors were followed up for data on service components. ‘Home treatment’ was defined broadly for the purposes of the literature search, but included studies were then assessed against service components specifically focused on delivering treatment at home. The study tested components and other features for associations with days in hospital, as well as conducting a conventional meta-analysis of data on days in hospital.Results. We found 91 studies, 18 comparing home to in-patient treatment. Sixty per cent of authors responded to follow-up. The vast majority of the services studied had a ‘home treatment function’ and regularly visited patients at home. The heterogeneity of control services made meta-analysis problematical as did the limited availability of data. There was some evidence that ‘regular’ home visiting and combined responsibility for health and social care were associated with reduced hospitalization. The inclusion of non-randomized studies rarely affected the findings.Conclusions. Evidence concerning the effectiveness of home treatment remains inconclusive. A centrally coordinated research strategy is recommended, with attention to study design. Experimental and control service components should be prospectively recorded and reported to enable meaningful analysis.

scholarly journals Perceived facilitators of and barriers to mental health treatment engagement among decision-making competent adolescents in Greece

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Tsamadou ◽  
P. Voultsos ◽  
A. Emmanouilidis ◽  
G. Ampatzoglou
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Attrition Rate ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Background A subset of adolescents with mental disorders are likely to have decision-making capacity that facilitates their therapy engagement. However, there are high rates of drop-out in mental health settings. Aim This study aims to identify perceived barriers to or facilitators of mental health care engagement among adolescents with decision-making competence in Greece. Methods A qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews of adolescents with a wide range of mental health problems. In addition, two psychometric assessment measures were used to define who to include or exclude from the study sample. Results Positive attitudes and experiences with therapy were reported as strong (“major”) facilitators of therapy engagement for adolescents with mental disorders, whereas negative experiences with therapy were reported as strong barriers to it. Furthermore, and most importantly, a “good” adolescent-therapist relationship was reported as a strong facilitator, whereas negative experiences of participants with their therapist were reported as strong barriers. Moreover, goals such as getting rid of symptoms, improving personal well-being, and improving social skills and relationships (especially with peers) emerged as strong facilitators of therapy engagement. Importantly, the early remission of symptoms emerged from the study as a strong barrier to therapy engagement for participants. Among the weaker (“minor”) perceived facilitators were goals such as confessing to a trustworthy person, becoming able to achieve personal expectations and life goals, enhancing independence and self-esteem, and developing a positive self-image. The (active or supportive) role of family emerged as a facilitator. The stigma related to mental health emerged as both a (“minor”) facilitator of and barrier to therapy engagement for participants. Friends were reported as having a role ranging from neutral to mildly supportive. Conclusion A number of more or less strong barriers and facilitators were identified that, for the most part, were consistent with prior literature. However, the authors identified some nuances that are of clinical importance. For instance, adolescents are most likely to terminate the treatment prematurely if they experience early symptom remission. Highlighting the role of therapy in achieving their goals or improving their families’ well-being might be used by therapists to reduce the attrition rate.

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