scholarly journals Colorectal cancer in the Linxian China Nutrition Intervention Trial: Risk factors and intervention results

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0255322
Author(s):  
Havva Keskin ◽  
Shao-Ming Wang ◽  
Arash Etemadi ◽  
Jin-Hu Fan ◽  
Sanford M. Dawsey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Nutrition Intervention ◽  
Intervention Trial ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most common cancers in economically developed countries and developing world. While dietary factors are associated with risk of CRC in the West and urban China, little is known about risk or protective factors in rural China. Methods The Linxian General Population Nutrition Intervention Trial (NIT) cohort was established over 30 years ago to test whether daily multivitamin/mineral supplements could reduce the incidence and mortality of esophageal/gastric cardia cancer. The cohort included a total of 29,553 healthy participants 40–69 years old who were randomly assigned to supplements or placebos via a 24 fractional factorial study design. We examined risk factors for the development of CRC as well as the effects of four different nutritional factors (Factor A: retinol, zinc; B: riboflavin, niacin; C: ascorbic acid, molybdenum; D: selenium, alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene,) on CRC incidence following 5.25 years of supplementation in this randomized, placebo-controlled intervention trial. Results CRC risk increased with age and height as well as piped water usage, family history of CRC, and consumption of foods cooked in oil, eggs, and fresh fruits. No effect on CRC was seen for any of these four intervention factors tested in both genders, but CRC was reduced 37% in females who received Factor D (selenium/alpha-tocopherol/beta-carotene) (RR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.43–0.92, P = 0.016) compared to females who did not receive Factor D. Conclusions In this undernourished rural Chinese population, CRC risk factors in this Chinese cohort showed both similarities and differences compared to Western and urban Asian Chinese populations. Intervention results suggested a potential benefit for women supplemented with selenium/alpha-tocopherol/beta-carotene.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease in Developing Countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 69-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah Rehan ◽  
Alina Qadeer ◽  
Irfan Bashir ◽  
Mohammed Jamshaid
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Strategic Implementation ◽  
As Stress

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have increased the mortality rate both in developing as well as developed countries, however a lower trend in death rates have been seen in developed and high income countries like USA, UK, Australia, Japan and other European countries due to improved life style, better strategic implementation, control of disease both in young and adults and especially reduced smoking habits. In developing countries CVD become an alarming situation due to prevalence of disease in early age that later on become chronic and difficult to control. Various risk factors that can contribute toward CVD in developing countries include smoking, high alcohol and salt intake, dietary factors, diabetes, high blood pressure and psychosocial aspects such as stress, anxiety and depression. Various other factors such as family history and the gender difference also contributing towards the high risk of developing CVD.Rehan et al., International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, July 2016, 5(8): 69-72http://www.icpjonline.com/documents/Vol5Issue8/02.pdf

scholarly journals Recent advances in clinical practice: colorectal cancer chemoprevention in the average-risk population

Gut ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 2244-2255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Chapelle ◽  
Myriam Martel ◽  
Esther Toes-Zoutendijk ◽  
Alan N Barkun ◽  
Marc Bardou
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Normal Colonic Mucosa ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common and lethal malignancies in Western countries. Its development is a multistep process that spans more than 15 years, thereby providing an opportunity for prevention and early detection. The high incidence and mortality rates emphasise the need for prevention and screening. Many countries have therefore introduced CRC screening programmes. It is expected, and preliminary evidence in some countries suggests, that this screening effort will decrease CRC-related mortality rates. CRC prevention involves a healthy lifestyle and chemoprevention—more specifically, oral chemoprevention that can interfere with progression from a normal colonic mucosa to adenocarcinoma. This preventive effect is important for individuals with a genetic predisposition, but also in the general population. The ideal chemopreventive agent, or combination of agents, remains unknown, especially when considering safety during long-term use. This review evaluates the evidence across 80 meta-analyses of interventional and observational studies of CRC prevention using medications, vitamins, supplements and dietary factors. This review suggests that the following factors are associated with a decreased incidence of CRC: aspirin, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, magnesium, folate, a high consumption of fruits and vegetables, fibre and dairy products. An increased incidence of CRC was observed with frequent alcohol or meat consumption. No evidence of a protective effect for tea, coffee, garlic, fish and soy products was found. The level of evidence is moderate for aspirin, β-carotene and selenium, but is low or very low for all other exposures or interventions.

scholarly journals Prevention of Colorectal Neoplasia

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (04) ◽  
pp. 353-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Dolejs ◽  
Benjamin Gayed ◽  
Alyssa Fajardo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Colorectal Neoplasia ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Chemopreventive Agents ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. There are well-established screening protocols involving fecal testing, radiographic, and endoscopic evaluations that have led to decreased incidence and mortality of CRC in the United States. In addition to screening for CRC, there is interest in preventing colorectal neoplasia by targeting the signaling pathways that have been identified in the pathway of dysplasia progressing to carcinoma. This review will detail the efficacy of multiple potential preventative strategies including lifestyle changes (physical activity, alcohol use, smoking cessation, and obesity); dietary factors (dietary patterns, calcium, vitamin D, fiber, folate, and antioxidants and micronutrients); and chemopreventive agents (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, statins, metformin, bisphosphonates, and postmenopausal hormonal therapy).

Effects of Dietary Taurocholate, Fat and Protein on the Storage and Metabolism of Dietary beta-Carotene and alpha-Tocopherol in Ferrets

2005 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sundaresan ◽  
Marmillot ◽  
Liu ◽  
Mitchell ◽  
Grundel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Retinyl Palmitate ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Tissue Storage ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fat Diets ◽  
High Protein Diets ◽  
Protein Diets

Dietary factors affecting tissue storage of beta-carotene (BC), alpha-tocopherol (alpha-T), and retinol (ROL) in mammals include taurocholate, protein, and fat. Few studies have examined the effects of these factors on the storage of BC, retinyl esters, and alpha-T in a mammalian system that is similar to humans. The main objective of the study was to investigate the effects of taurocholate (TC), fat, and protein on the absorption and metabolism of BC and alpha-T in ferret tissues. Three 4-week experiments were conducted using groups of 5–6 ferrets per treatment. All diets contained 0.2% BC. In Experiment 1, taurocholate was fed at concentrations of 0, 0.5, or 1%. Effects of two concentrations of dietary fat (6 and 23%) and three concentrations of protein (10, 20, and 40%) were also studied in Experiments 2 and 3, respectively. Tissues were analyzed for BC, retinoids, and alpha-T by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Taurocholate enhanced hepatic and plasma concentrations of BC (2.3- to 3-fold), retinyl palmitate [(RP) 3.2- to 9.5-fold], retinyl stearate [(RS) 2.9- to 6- fold], and hepatic alpha-T (6- to13- fold) at p < 0.05. High-fat diets elevated hepatic BC, RP, RS, and retinyl linoleate (RL) concentrations (2- to 3.6-fold, p < 0.05). In contrast, high-protein diets lowered hepatic RL 1.8-fold and alpha-T 8-fold (p < 0.05). Our results indicate the importance of taurocholate, fat, and protein in achieving adequate levels of vitamins A and E in mammals.

scholarly journals IGF-I, IGFBP-3, and IGF-I/IGFBP-3 Ratio: No Association with Incident Colorectal Cancer in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 1832-1834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua B. Max ◽  
Paul J. Limburg ◽  
Adeboye Ogunseitan ◽  
Rachael Z. Stolzenberg-Solomon ◽  
Robert A. Vierkant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Prevention Study ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Igfbp 3

scholarly journals Epidemiological Evaluation of Colorectal Cancer Risk Factors Associated with the Sources of Water Consumption and the Some Features of Diet in Perm Krai

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 44-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Feldblum ◽  
M. H. Alyeva ◽  
A. O. Kanina ◽  
V. N. Gryaznov ◽  
D. V. Zitta
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Risk ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Cancer Risk Factors ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Impact

Colorectal cancer (CRC) dominants in incidence and mortality among all malignant tumors, it is observed both globally and different regions of Russia. The results of analytical epidemiological study «case-control» on the impact of the colorectal cancer risk factors are presented. Considered risk factors were associated with the sources of water consumption and the some features of diet in Permski Krai. Questionnaire surveys of 200 patients with CRC and 200 healthy individuals were performed. Observation and control groups were spread evenly by sex, age and ethnicity. It was determined following risk factors: consumption of municipal unboiled water and well water, sour cream intake, high concentration of salt in the food, fat, fried and spicy meal as well. There were protective factors such us consumption of municipal boiled water and intake of total dairy products more than 1000 g per week.

scholarly journals Risk factors and incidence of colorectal cancer according to major molecular subtypes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Wang ◽  
Xiaosheng He ◽  
Tomotaka Ugai ◽  
Koichiro Haruki ◽  
Chun-Han Lo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Molecular Subtypes ◽  
Cpg Island ◽  
Molecular Subtype ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Subtype 3

Abstract Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease that can develop via three major pathways, including the conventional, serrated, and alternate pathways. We aimed to examine whether the risk factor profiles differ according to pathway-related molecular subtypes. Methods We examined the association of 24 risk factors with four CRC molecular subtypes based on a combinatorial status of microsatellite instability (MSI), CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), BRAF and KRAS mutations by collecting data from two large US cohorts. We used inverse probability weighted duplication-method Cox proportional hazards regression to evaluate differential associations across subtypes. Results We documented 1,175 CRC cases with molecular subtype data: subtype 1 (n = 498; conventional pathway; non-MSI-high, CIMP-low/negative, BRAF-wildtype, KRAS-wildtype), subtype 2 (n = 138; serrated pathway; any MSI status, CIMP-high, BRAF-mutated, KRAS-wildtype), subtype 3 (n = 367; alternate pathway; non-MSI-high, CIMP-low/negative, BRAF-wildtype, KRAS-mutated), and subtype 4 (n = 172; other marker combinations). Statistically significant heterogeneity in associations with CRC subtypes was found for age, sex, and smoking, with a higher hazard ratio (HR) observed for the subtype 2 (HR per 10 years of age = 2.64, 95% CI = 2.13-3.26; HR for female = 2.65, 95% CI = 1.60-4.39; HR per 20-pack-year of smoking = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.14-1.45) than other CRC subtypes (All P for heterogeneity &lt; 0.005). A stronger association was found for adiposity measures with subtype 1 CRC in men and subtype 3 CRC in women, and for several dietary factors with subtype 1 CRC, although these differences did not achieve statistical significance at α = 0.005 level. Conclusions Risk factor profiles may differ for CRC arising from different molecular pathways.

Colorectal Cancer

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nana Keum ◽  
Kana Wu ◽  
Edward Giovannucci ◽  
David J. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Colorectal Adenomas ◽  
Precursor Lesions ◽  
Primary And Secondary Prevention ◽  
The Third ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Rapid Changes

Colorectal cancer (CRC), typically adenocarcinoma, arises from epithelial cells lining the large bowel or intestine. Colorectal adenomas are well-established precursor lesions for the majority of CRCs. Relatively uncommon prior to 1900, CRC has become the third most commonly diagnosed cancer, as well as the fourth leading cause of malignant death globally. Modifiable causes are demonstrated by the large variation in incidence across countries, rapid changes in incidence within some populations, and the transition in disease risk for immigrants toward that of the host country in migration studies. A number of lifestyle and dietary factors are now established as convincing or probable causes. In addition, the ability to access and remove adenomas can lower cancer incidence through secondary prevention. Thus, a combination of primary and secondary prevention can greatly lower incidence and mortality from CRC.

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