scholarly journals Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease in Developing Countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 69-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah Rehan ◽  
Alina Qadeer ◽  
Irfan Bashir ◽  
Mohammed Jamshaid
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Strategic Implementation ◽  
As Stress

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have increased the mortality rate both in developing as well as developed countries, however a lower trend in death rates have been seen in developed and high income countries like USA, UK, Australia, Japan and other European countries due to improved life style, better strategic implementation, control of disease both in young and adults and especially reduced smoking habits. In developing countries CVD become an alarming situation due to prevalence of disease in early age that later on become chronic and difficult to control. Various risk factors that can contribute toward CVD in developing countries include smoking, high alcohol and salt intake, dietary factors, diabetes, high blood pressure and psychosocial aspects such as stress, anxiety and depression. Various other factors such as family history and the gender difference also contributing towards the high risk of developing CVD.Rehan et al., International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, July 2016, 5(8): 69-72http://www.icpjonline.com/documents/Vol5Issue8/02.pdf

scholarly journals Factors contributing the outcome of Schizophrenia in developing and developed countries: A brief review

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmuda Naheed ◽  
Khondoker Ayesha Akter ◽  
Fatema Tabassum ◽  
Rumana Mawla ◽  
Mahmudur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Remission Rate ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Family Burden ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Duration Of Untreated Psychosis ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

According to WHO, schizophrenia is a severe form of mental illness affecting about 7 per thousand of the adult popu-lation, mostly in the age group 15-35 years. Though the incidence is low (3-10,000), the prevalence is high due to chronicity. Schizophrenia is occurring in both developing and developed countries. The remission rate is higher in developing countries compared to the developed ones. There are some compelling factors that may influence the out-come of schizophrenia includes gender, employment, marital status, family support, illness myths, family burden, duration of untreated psychosis etc. In this review we have discussed the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment and finally the factors that influence the outcome of schizophrenia in developing and developed countries.Key Words: Schizophrenia, outcome, developing countries, antipsychotic agents.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v1i4.10063International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2012, 1(4): 81-85 

scholarly journals Challenges of childhood obesity in a developing economy: A review

1970 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-179
Author(s):  
CB Eke ◽  
AC Ubesie ◽  
BC Ibe
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
English Language ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Double Burden Of Malnutrition

Background: Obesity once considered a high income country’s malady is now on the rise in most developing countries particularly in urban settings. Most of these emerging economies have been reported to have different shades of under – nutrition coexisting side by side with over-nutrition. It is pertinent therefore that we determine the factors driving the increase in obesity rates in developing countries as they generally lack the infrastructure to adequately handle the associated complications.Objectives: This communication is aimed at reviewing the burden and risk factors for obesity in children in developing countries, double burden of malnutrition, challenges including medical as well as economic costs and sustainable preventive programmes of obesity in our environment with the hope of sensitizing both the health community and policy makers of this emerging epidemic.Methods: We searched relevant literature on the subject published only in English language or translated into English language manually and electronically. The Index Medicus, AJOL, Medline, PUBMED, and HINARI were specifically searched for the period between 1980 and 2014 and reviewed. The following key words were applied in the search: Obesity in childhood, its burden and associated risk factors, complications of obesity in childhood, double burden of malnutrition in developing countries, assessment of obesity, childhood challenges of obesity including its direct and indirect costs in developing countries as well as practical preventive models in developing economies.Results: Several relevant studies were identified. The health as well as economic costs of obesity is diverse. Obesity is the major risk factor for a variety of non – communicable diseases including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes and malignancies in later life. Also obese children have higher risk of orthopaedic problems and psychological disturbances like low -self esteem and bullying. This can also lead to poor social adjustments among our teeming youths who are the bedrock of our future economy. Most of these diseases cause premature deaths in addition to long term morbidities. Many of these obesity associated complications impose substantial burden on the health care system in developing countries with weak health systems, and if allowed unmitigated the implications are that the cost of its care may overwhelm not only the health budget but also affect the provisions of basic social amenities.Conclusions: Preventive programmes have been shown to reduce the burden of obesity in developed countries. Dearth of data on burden of obesity and its associated complications in children and adolescents still a challenge in most developing economies. Efforts should be made to prevent childhood obesity using multi- pronged approach at population level through targeted education, sustainable interventions related to healthy nutritional practices as well as physical activity promotion.Key words: Challenges; Obesity; Children; Developing Economies

scholarly journals RotavirusDiarrhea among Children in Taiz, Yemen: Prevalence—Risk Factors and Detection of Genotypes

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulmalik Al-Badani ◽  
Leena Al-Areqi ◽  
Abdulatif Majily ◽  
Saleh AL-Sallami ◽  
Anwar AL-Madhagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Severe Gastroenteritis ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Diarrheal diseases are a great public health problem; they are among the most causes leading to morbidity and mortality of infants and children particularly in developing countries and even in developed countries.Rotavirusis the most common cause of severe gastroenteritis in infants and young children in both developed and developing countries. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence rate ofRotavirusinfection, its genotypes, and risk factors among children with diarrhea in Taiz, Yemen. 795 fecal samples were collected from children (less than 5 years old), suffering from diarrhea and attending the Yemeni-Swedish Hospital (YSH) in Taiz , Yemen, from November 2006 to February 2008.Rotaviruswas detected by enzyme linkage immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on stool specimens of children. Genotypes ofRotaviruswere characterized by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The results showed that 358 (45.2%) wereRotavirus-positive and the most prevalent genotypes were G2P[4] (55%), followed by G1P[8] (15%). In addition,Rotaviruswas found through the whole year; however, higher frequency during the summer season (53.4%) and lower frequency during the winter season (37.1%).

Suicide in Developing Countries (2)

Crisis ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshmi Vijayakumar ◽  
Sujit John ◽  
Jane Pirkis ◽  
Harvey Whiteford
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
History Of ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

Abstract. The majority of studies on risk factors for suicide have been conducted in developed countries, and less work has been done to systematically profile risk factors in developing countries. The current paper presents a selective review of sociodemographic, clinical, and environmental/situational risk factors in developing countries. Taken together, the evidence suggests that the profiles of risk factors in developing countries demonstrate some differences from those in developed countries. In some developing countries, at least, being female, living in a rural area, and holding religious beliefs that sanction suicide may be of more relevance to suicide risk than these factors are in developed countries. Conversely, being single or having a history of mental illness may be of less relevance. Risk factors that appear to be universal include youth or old age, low socioeconomic standing, substance use, and previous suicide attempts. Recent stressful life events play a role in both developing and developed countries, although their nature may differ (e.g., social change may have more of an influence in the former). Likewise, access to means heightens risk in both, but the specific means may vary (e.g., access to pesticides is of more relevance in developing countries). These findings have clear implications for suicide prevention, suggesting that preventive efforts that have shown promise in developed countries may need to be tailored differently to address the risk factor profile of developing countries.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Low Birth Weight Baby: A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Poly Begum ◽  
Md Kamrul Hassan ◽  
Aloke Kumar Saha ◽  
Tahmina Akter ◽  
Mahmuda Afrin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Socio Economic Factors ◽  
Medical Risks

Low birth weight (LBW) is one of the main predictors of infant mortality. The global incidence of LBW is around 17%, although estimates vary from 19% in the developing countries like Bangladesh to 5-7% in the developed countries. About one third of delivery is low birth weight. LBW is generally associated with situations in which uterine malnutrition is produced due to alterations in placental circulation. There are many known risk factors, the most important of which are socio-economic factors, medical risks before or during gestation and maternal lifestyles. However, although interventions exist to prevent many of these factors before and during pregnancy, the incidence of LBW has not decreased.Faridpur Med. Coll. J. Jan 2017;12(1): 40-46

scholarly journals The Predictive Ability of Type D Personality Pattern, Anxiety, and Depression in Cardiac Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-209
Author(s):  
Wisam Breik ◽  
Salman Elbedour
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Type D Personality ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Social Inhibition ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Type D ◽  
Distress Scale

A growing body of empirical evidence suggests psychological and personality risk factors for cardiovascular disease in Western developed countries. This study expands that line of health research to a community sample of 309 Jordanians (half of whom were diagnosed with heart problems). Using the Distress Scale, Beck Depression Inventory-II, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, this study determined that Type D personality, depression, and anxiety have value in predicting cardiovascular disease. The results showed that older individuals with high levels of social inhibition are more likely to have heart disease compared to younger participants. Anxiety and depression were also potent risk factors. The emerging pattern confirms the cross-cultural validity of Type D personality as well as depression and anxiety indices in predisposing individuals to cardiovascular disease. This study calls for using a multiple-level-analysis approach combining personality and social influences. Patients and health providers can engineer health through psychological wellness and health-promotive behavior. Programs based on self-empowerment theory that target the roots of anxiety and depression, as well as the social inhibition and negative affectivity dimensions of Type D personality (e.g., rage, hostility), should be an integral component of any therapy or intervention.

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF RISK FACTORS AMONG MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PATIENTS ATTENDING DARBHANGA MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL.

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Kumari Suruchi ◽  
Dr. Kumar Durgeshwar ◽  
Dr. Pradeep Kumar Sharma ◽  
Dr.P. K. Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Family History ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Coronary Heart Diseases ◽  
History Of

INTRODUCTION: Coronary heart diseases (CHD) is the most common serious disease in developed countries and an acute developing health problem in developing countries and have imposed numerous social and economic costs in developed countries. It is known that MI is caused by smoking, which also causes endothelial dysfunction. There are about 80% cases of MI in developing countries but the studies on risk factors are mostly done in countries which are developed.  It seems to be important to emphasize on studies on risk factors of MI. The mortality of these diseases are shown to increase in developing countries due to lack of familiarity with risk factors associated to coronary heart diseases and failure to comply with preventive measures.  MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this prospective case-control study information was collected on demographic characteristics, history of cardiovascular disease, lifestyle (smoking) and risk factors using structured questionnaire. Critically ill patients with HIV/AIDS or other major diseases like liver failure, kidney failure, etc. were excluded from the study. RESULTS: In present study 118 cases and same number of matched controls were included. It was found that in this study, 97(82.2%) cases had smoking habits whereas 61(51.7%) of controls were smokers. Statistically significant smokers were observed in cases. Among all MI patients, 76(64.4%) had family history of CAD while it was present in 32.2% non-MI patient, difference was statistically significant. A significant proportion of cases (72.3%) had high serum lipid levels compared to controls (43.2%). Among all cases 94(79.7%) were hypertensive and 82(69.5%) controls suffered from hypertension, but the difference was not statistically significant. Prevalence of diabetes among cases 72(61.0%) and controls 68(57.6%) was not statistically significant, although prevalence was high in cases. 5(4.2%) of cases had Coronary artery bypass graf(CABG). CONCLUSION: Most common predictors of MI in our study were smoking, high serum lipid levels, family history of CAD, hypertension and diabetes. Early identification and modification of the risk factors is important for preventing MI.

Anxiety and Depression in European Immigrants in Africa: Spaniards in South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S490-S490
Author(s):  
L. Aguado ◽  
A. Porras ◽  
P. Calvo ◽  
A. Tomita ◽  
J. Burns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Symptom Scale ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
The Third World

IntroductionIt is easy to find texts, in scientific literature, studying the adaptation of immigrants from developing countries in western countries. However, in these globalization times that we are living, few are the studies performed on members from developed countries emigrating to the third world.Objectives/AimsTo evaluate the factors predisposing to the onset of anxiety or depression symptoms in Spanish immigrants living in South Africa.MethodsThis is an exploratory study with a sample of 51 Spanish residents in South Africa between 24 and 57 years (44% male, 56% female), 44% of which were living there for more than two years. An online survey was administered, collecting data related to reasons and conditions for their moving to the country and traumatic events living during the stay. For the screening of depression and anxiety symptoms Hopkins Symptom Scale (HSCL-25) was used. Finally, we carried about several analysis using Chi2 test. For statistical analysis SPSS was utilized.ResultsThirty percent of the sample showed positive scores on anxiety symptoms scale, and 24% scored positive for depression. Job related items as being unemployed (P < 0.001) was associated to symptoms of depression. Insecurity/violence (P < 0.021) and race discrimination (P < 0.009) were the main factors related to anxiety symptoms.ConclusionsFactor related to employment, security and discrimination, has been significantly associated to the onset of anxiety and depression symptoms. Other factors related to the moving to the country or social relationships have shown no relations. More studies are needed to provide information about adaptation and factors related to mental health in Occidental immigrants in developing countries.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals SERUM CORTISOLAS A PROGNOSTIC FACTOR OF EARLY STROKE

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
R. Murugaraj ◽  
V. Padma ◽  
Rameez Raja
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Brain Infarction ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Neurological Injury ◽  
Cortisol Response ◽  
Hemorrhage Risk ◽  
Dexamethasone Suppression ◽  
Early Stroke

Stroke is a common neurological disorder in clinical practice causing death in the developing countries as well as developed countries. Stroke is defined as an acute neurological injury occurring due to vascular pathological processes which manifest either as brain infarction or hemorrhage. Risk factors can never explain the timing and activity of the occurrence of stroke. But we can prevent the onset of stroke by reducing the risk factors. A stress response occurs after stroke which causes increased levels of cortisol and catecholamines1 .This has been known since the 1950s. There is also a dysregulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system which is shown by a failure of the dexamethasone suppression of cortisol levels in stroke. This cortisol response to stroke has been identified in both cerebral infarction as well as in intracerebral hemorrhage2 of any cause.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document