scholarly journals China’s carbon emissions structure and reduction potential on the supply-side and demand-side of energy: Under the background of four influencing factors

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255387
Author(s):  
Xinwen Wan ◽  
Tangyang Jiang ◽  
Shuangqi Li ◽  
Jun Nie
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Final Demand ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
High Carbon

In recent years, the issues related to carbon emissions and environment have attracted extensive attentions. Considering four scenarios (the energy conversion, energy capital savings and loans, energy exports and cement production carbon emissions), this paper adopts the energy consumption method and input-output method to analyze China’s carbon emissions structure on the supply-side and demand-side of energy, and finally provides policy recommendations for China’s structural emission reduction. The results show that, if the four influencing factors were not considered, the measurement of carbon emissions from the final demand was 44.91% higher than the baseline scenario, 12.36% lower than the baseline scenario from intermediate demand, and 10.23% lower than the baseline scenario from the total. For China’s carbon emissions structure on the supply-side of energy, the carbon emissions from high-carbon energy, represented by raw coal, accounted for 66.805% of the total energy-related carbon emissions, while the carbon emissions from low-carbon energy, represented by natural gas, only accounted for 2.485%. For China’s carbon emissions structure on the demand-side of energy, the carbon emissions from intermediate demand (enterprise production) accounted for more than 95% of total energy-related carbon emissions, while the carbon emissions from final demand (residents and government use) accounted for less than 5%. For each specific industry in intermediate demand for energy, the heavy industry, electric power, fossil energy, and chemical industry have high carbon emissions and low carbon emissions efficiency. However, the agriculture, construction, light industry, and service are the opposite. Finally, we provide policy recommendations for improving the accuracy of carbon emissions measurement and carbon emissions efficiency.

scholarly journals Analysis of China’s Manufacturing Industry Carbon Lock-In and Its Influencing Factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Wang ◽  
Lijun Zhang ◽  
Yaochen Qin ◽  
Jingfei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Ferrous Metal ◽  
Bohai Bay ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Resource Endowment ◽  
Regional Factors ◽  
Lock In

There are industry lock-in and regional lock-in phenomena in China’s manufacturing industry carbon emissions. However, the existing researches often focus on global carbon emissions, which is not adverse to finding the main problems of manufacturing industry carbon emissions. The biggest contributions of this study are the identification of the industry lock-in and regional lock-in of China’s manufacturing industry and the finding of the regional factors that affect the carbon lock-in of the manufacturing industry, which points out the direction for the low-carbon transformation of the local manufacturing industry. This paper is based on the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) carbon emissions coefficient method and energy consumption data from 2000 to 2016 to count the manufacturing industry carbon emissions of 30 provinces in China (except Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and Tibet). On this basis, the paper uses a spatial–temporal geographical weighted regression (GTWR) model to analysis the regional influencing factors of the high-carbon manufacturing industry. Results demonstrate that China’s high-carbon manufacturing industry mainly concentrates on the ferrous metal processing industry, non-metallic mineral manufacturing industry and other sectors. In addition, the carbon emissions of high-carbon manufacturing industries are mainly concentrated in Bohai Bay and the North China Plain. The industrial structure and economic scale are the main reasons for the regional carbon lock-in of the high-carbon manufacturing industry, and the strength of the lock-in has continued to increase. Resource endowment is a stable factor of carbon lock-in in high-carbon regions. Technological progress helps to unlock carbon, while foreign direct investment results in the enhancement of carbon regional lock-in. This study focuses on the regional factors of carbon lock-in in the manufacturing industry, hoping to provide decision support for the green development of China’s manufacturing industry.

scholarly journals Probing the carbon emissions in 30 regions of China based on symbolic regression and Tapio decoupling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiying Liu ◽  
zhiqun zhang
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Symbolic Regression ◽  
Car Ownership ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
The World ◽  
Urbanization Rate

Abstract Against the background of energy shortages and severe air pollution, countries around the world are aware of the importance of energy conservation and emissions reduction; China is actively achieving emissions reduction targets. In this study, we use a symbolic regression to classify China's regions according to the degree of influencing factors, and calculate and analyze the inherent decoupling relationship between carbon emissions and economic growth in each region. Based on our results, we divided the 30 regions of the country into six categories according to the main influencing factors: GDP (13 regions), energy intensity (EI; 7 regions), industrial structure (IS; 3 regions), urbanization rate (UR; 3 regions), car ownership (CO; 2 regions), and household consumption level (HCL; 2 regions). Then, according to the order of the average carbon emissions in each region from high to low, these regions were further categorized as type-EI, type-UR, type-GDP, type-IS, type-CO, or type-HCL regions. The decoupling index of each region showed a downward trend; EI and GDP regions were the most notable contributors to emissions, based on which we provide policy recommendations.

scholarly journals Towards net-zero carbon performance: using demand side management and a low carbon grid to reduce operational carbon emissions in a UK public office

2021 ◽  
Vol 2069 (1) ◽  
pp. 012150
Author(s):  
E Burman ◽  
N Jain ◽  
M de-Borja-Torrejón
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Demand Side Management ◽  
Carbon Intensity ◽  
Grid Integration ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Electricity Grid ◽  
Integration Strategy ◽  
Carbon Performance ◽  
And Control

Abstract This paper investigates the performance of an office building that has achieved a low carbon performance in practice thanks to a performance contract and Soft Landings approach. The findings show the potential of this building for further de-carbonisation as a result of electrification of heating and load shifting to take advantage of a low carbon electricity grid. Whilst retrospective modelling based on the past carbon intensity data shows the effectiveness of demand-side management, assessment of the existing smart readiness of the building revealed that the building services and control strategy are not fully equipped with the data analytics and carbon or price signal responsiveness required to facilitate grid integration. The environmental strategy and procurement method used for this building combined with an effective grid integration strategy can serve as a prototype for low carbon design to achieve the ever stringent carbon emissions objectives set out for the non-domestic buildings.

Influencing Factors Analysis of Carbon Dioxide Emissions of Liaoning Power Consumption Based on Kaya Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 779-780 ◽  
pp. 1476-1481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang He Jiang ◽  
Wen Ru Zang ◽  
Lei Lei Hu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Liaoning Province ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Carbon Reduction ◽  
Industry Investment

In order to achieve the carbon reduction targets committed by China, Liaoning Province must take the way of low-carbon economy. Based on the related Statistical Yearbook data, applying the IPCC carbon emissions equation and Kaya model, this paper analyses the influencing factors of the carbon dioxide emissions produced from the power consumption of Liaoning Province. and then put forward some suggestion on reducing carbon emissions. The results show that Liaoning Province can achieve the goal, but unit GDP CO2 emissions reduction is mainly due tothe investment expansion of the second industry and construction industry investment expansion. As a result, it puts forward some suggestions.

scholarly journals Greenhouse Gas Reductions under Low Carbon Fuel Standards?

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen P Holland ◽  
Jonathan E Hughes ◽  
Christopher R Knittel
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Carbon Intensity ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Abatement Costs ◽  
Effective Policy

A low carbon fuel standard (LCFS) seeks to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by limiting the carbon intensity of fuels. We show this decreases high carbon fuel production but increases low carbon fuel production, possibly increasing net carbon emissions. The LCFS cannot be efficient, and the best LCFS may be nonbinding. We simulate a national LCFS on gasoline and ethanol. For a broad parameter range, emissions decrease, energy prices increase, abatement costs are large ($80–$760 billion annually), and average abatement costs are large ($307–$2,272 per CO2 metric ton). A cost effective policy has much lower average abatement costs ($60–$868). (JEL Q54, Q58)

scholarly journals Factors Influencing the Utilization of Community Cultural and Leisure Services for the Older Adults From The Perspective of Supply and Demand: Based on the Case of Shaanxi Province

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Niu ◽  
Chi Zhang ◽  
Zhao Yu ◽  
Sifeng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Leisure Services ◽  
Supply Side Factors

Abstract Background Along with the increasing number of older adults in China, the demand for older adults services of China's aging population has been transformed and upgraded, and the demand for community cultural and leisure services of the older adults has become increasingly prominent. The research on the influencing factors of the utilization of community cultural and leisure services of the older adults can help improve the service effect and enhance the quality of life of the older adults. Based on Anderson's model, we constructed an analytical framework of the influencing factors of the utilization of community cultural and leisure services for the older adults from both the supply and demand sides, and then used Poisson regression method to empirically test the analytical framework based on the survey data of three cities in Shaanxi Province in 2019. Results The results found that supply-side factors significantly influenced the utilization of community cultural and leisure services by the older adults, mainly including service facility supply, service content supply, and service location accessibility; demand-side factors significantly influenced the utilization of community cultural and leisure services by the older adults, mainly including service acceptability, service satisfaction, and service need. The study also found that, unlike the results of previous studies, the use of community cultural and leisure services by older adults was not constrained by economic level. Conclusions Both supply-side factors and demand-side factors significantly affect the utilization of community spiritual culture services by the older adults. In strengthening and improving the supply of community cultural and leisure services, the previous "top-down" and "service-centered" approach should be changed to a "bottom-up" and "demand-centered" approach. In the past, the supply of community spiritual culture services should be changed from a "top-down" and "service-centered" approach to a "bottom-up" and "demand-centered" approach, and attention should be paid to the urban-rural differences in supply.

scholarly journals Carbon Emissions Peak Prediction and the Reduction Pathway in Buildings during Operation in Jilin Province Based on LEAP

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 4540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Duan ◽  
Shipei Zhang ◽  
Siying Duan ◽  
Weicheng Zhang ◽  
Zhiyuan Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Heating Period ◽  
Cold Region ◽  
Central Heating ◽  
A Value

The building sector has gradually become a major contributor of carbon emissions in recent years. Its carbon emissions, which result from the long heating period and considerable consumption of coal in residential buildings during operation, must be reduced. To this end, the long-range energy alternatives planning system was adopted for the forecasting of carbon emissions in baseline scenarios, energy-saving, energy-saving–low-carbon, and low-carbon. On the basis of these predictions, the contributions of heating, cooling, cooking, illumination, washing, and other activities to carbon emissions were analyzed. The influencing factors in the reduction of carbon emissions from residential buildings in a cold region were identified. The results showed that energy-saving–low-carbon was the optimal scenario to reduce carbon emissions. Meanwhile, carbon emissions will peak in 2030, with a value of 42.06 Mt under the same scenario. As the top three influencing factors, heating, cooling, and cooking contribute 55.74%, 18.86%, and 17.29% of carbon emissions, respectively. Sensitivity results showed the differential effects of 32 factors on the reduction of carbon emissions in residential buildings. Carbon emissions could be reduced by 17.41%, 35.51%, 31.10%, and 14.10% by controlling the building scale, heating, cooling, and cooking, respectively. To this end, seven factors, including the rationing of central heating, were identified. Then, pathways to reducing carbon emissions were proposed under different scenarios. The present research fills the gap between reality and the predicted pathway, considering the heterogeneity of the climate.

scholarly journals The Institutional Sources of Economic Transformation: Energy Policy from the Oil Crises to Climate Change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared Finnegan ◽  
Phillip Lipscy ◽  
Jonas Meckling ◽  
Florence Metz
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Policy ◽  
Transformational Change ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Exogenous Shock ◽  
Oil Crisis

Why are some governments more effective in promoting economic change than others? We develop a theory of the institutional sources of economic transformation. Domestic institutions condition the ability of policymakers to impose costs on consumers and producers. We argue that institutions can enable transformation through two central mechanisms: insulation and compensation. The institutional sources of transformation vary across policy types—whether policies impose costs primarily on consumers (demand-side policies) or on producers (supply-side policies). Proportional electoral rules and strong welfare states facilitate demand-side policies, whereas autonomous bureaucracies and corporatist interest intermediation facilitate supply-side policies. We test our theory by leveraging the 1973 oil crisis, an exogenous shock that compelled policymakers to simultaneously pursue transformational change across OECD countries. Panel analysis, case studies, and discourse network analysis support our hypotheses. The findings offer important lessons for contemporary climate change policy and low-carbon transitions.

scholarly journals Spatial–Temporal Heterogeneity and Driving Factors of Rural Residents’ Food Consumption Carbon Emissions in China—Based on an ESDA-GWR Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12419
Author(s):  
Shuai Qin ◽  
Hong Chen ◽  
Haokun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Social Factor ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Gwr Model

The increase in income among Chinese residents has been accompanied by dramatic changes in dietary structure, promoting a growth in carbon emissions. Therefore, in the context of building a beautiful countryside, it is of great significance to study the carbon emissions of rural residents’ food consumption to realize the goal of low-carbon food consumption. In this paper, the calculation of food consumption carbon emissions of Chinese rural residents is based on the carbon conversion coefficient method, and the spatial heterogeneity of influencing factors is analyzed with the aid of the ESDA-GWR model. The results indicate that the per capita food consumption carbon emissions of rural residents have increased by 1.68% annually, reaching 336.73 kg CO2-eq in 2020, which is 1.32 times that of 2002. Carbon emissions generated from rural residents’ food consumption have significant spatial agglomeration characteristics, showing the spatial distribution characteristics of a north–south confrontation, with a central area collapse. The influencing factors of food consumption carbon emissions have significant spatial heterogeneity, among which, as the main force to restrain the growth of food consumption carbon emissions, the price factor has a regression coefficient between −0.1 and −0.3, and its influence has weakened from northwest to southeast in 2020. The education–social factor is the main driving force for the growth of food consumption carbon emissions, with a regression coefficient between 0.58 and 0.99, and its influence has increased from east to west. In the future, formulating food consumption optimization policies should be based on the actual situation of food consumption carbon emissions in various regions to promote the realization of low-carbon food consumption.

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