scholarly journals COVID-19, government measures and hospitality industry performance

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255819
Author(s):  
David Yechiam Aharon ◽  
Arie Jacobi ◽  
Eli Cohen ◽  
Joseph Tzur ◽  
Mahmoud Qadan
Keyword(s):  
Stock Returns ◽  
Hospitality Industry ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Government Interventions ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Industry Performance ◽  
The Government ◽  
The U.S

This study explores the interplay between public measures adopted by the U.S. government to combat COVID-19 and the performance of the American hospitality industry. The recent global pandemic is a natural experiment for exploring the role of government interventions and their direct impact on hospitality stock returns in the U.S. financial market. Overall, our findings show that most of the government interventions were associated with a negative response in the returns of the hospitality industry, a response that became more negative as the COVID-19 pandemic evolved. Similar patterns were also detected for other industries such as entertainment and transportation that are closely related to hospitality. The findings we document are fundamental to understanding the trends and fluctuations in hospitality stocks in the current crisis and any similar crisis in the future.

scholarly journals DISTRIBUTING COVID-19 RELIEF FUNDS IN NIGERIA: PERSPECTIVES FROM JOHN RAWLS’ DISTRIBUTIVE THEORY OF JUSTICE

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Paul T. Haaga
Keyword(s):  
John Rawls ◽  
Economic Assistance ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Theory Of Justice ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Responsible Government ◽  
The Government ◽  
Adequate Provision ◽  
Role Of The Government

This paper argues that every responsible government has an obligation, to the best of its ability, to ensure an adequate provision of economic welfare and healthcare for its citizens. In view of this global pandemic, the Nigerian government, like many other nations, has urgently developed a plan to provide health and economic assistance to the tens of millions of people who are vulnerable. However, the provision of these palliatives by the government designed to assuage the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the poor and vulnerable Nigerians is not fairly undertaken. Adopting an expository and analytic approach, this paper examines the role of the government in distributing the COVID- 19 relief funds; in doing this, the questions in this paper are in two fronts: firstly, what constitutes vulnerability and who is vulnerable? Secondly, what is the criterion adopted by the government for determining who benefits from these palliatives? Finally, the paper proposes a model for assessing the role of government in the distribution of palliatives from the prism of John Rawls’s principle of distributive justice. This is imperative because the fair distribution of relief funds and benefits from the government will further ease the burdens, and it will fundamentally affect the people’s wellbeing.

Bill of Rights

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-66
Author(s):  
Danny M. Adkison ◽  
Lisa McNair Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Bill Of Rights ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Declaration Of Independence ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
Popular Consent ◽  
The U.S

This chapter examines Article II of the Oklahoma constitution. Compared with other states in existence when Oklahoma’s constitution was written, Oklahoma’s contained a moderate list of rights. With few exceptions, these rights are similar, if not identical, to those found in the U.S. Constitution. The first two sections are theoretical statements concerning the role of government. These express ideas similar to those found in the Declaration of Independence. Indeed, Sections 1 and 2 explicitly recognize that the government is founded on popular consent and may be changed when the people consent to such changes. Among the “rights” not in the U.S. Constitution are: prohibition of imprisonment for debt; indictment by information; procedures for punishing for contempt; and regulations concerning the availability of corporate records to public inspection.

Private Capital Participation: Choices and Constraints

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 1915-1920
Author(s):  
D. Kinnersley
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Private Capital ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Policy Choices ◽  
Government Role ◽  
Private Participation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Participation Frameworks

The scope for involving private capital participation in wastewater treatment and pollution control is attracting attention in a number of countries. After noting briefly some influences giving rise to this trend, this paper discusses frameworks in which such participation may be developed. In some aspects, there are choices available and it is essential to shape the private participation appropriately to the community's situation and problems, with due recognition of the hazards also involved. In other aspects, policy choices are more constrained, and there are requirements which it is suggested all private participation frameworks should provide for as clearly as possible. Effective private participation generally depends on re-designing and strengthening the role of government as the scale of its former role is reduced. Getting this re-design of the government role right is at least as important as making appropriate choices for format of private participation.

scholarly journals Interlinkages between Urbanization and Climate Change: Identifying and Understanding the Challenges and the Prospects

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-300
Author(s):  
Abhinav Alakshendra ◽  
Arjun Kumar ◽  
Simi Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Governance ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Urban Service ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

India is urbanizing at an alarming rate and the impact of climate change is becoming more visible each passing day. The rapid urbanization and climate change have severe direct and indirect consequences, such as increasing poverty, inequality, massive displacement, public health concerns, and challenges of urban governance, among others. This paper identifies some of the most pressing issues faced by urban India in the context of climate change. It also details the interventions undertaken at the local, national, and international levels to counter the effect of the climate change. In addition, it critically evaluates the role of government organizations, especially in terms of undertaking regulatory and planning functions. The paper argues that the implementation of institutional reforms would enable the government to reach out to the private sector to improve urban service delivery. It also provides examples of best practices from India and the world in combating climate change through adaptation and mitigation approaches.Abstrak. India mengalami urbanisasi pada tingkat yang mengkhawatirkan dan dampak perubahan iklim menjadi terlihat setiap hari. Urbanisasi yang cepat dan perubahan iklim memiliki konsekuensi langsung dan tidak langsung yang parah, seperti antara lain meningkatnya kemiskinan, ketimpangan, pengungsian besar-besaran, masalah kesehatan masyarakat, dan tantangan tata kelola kota. Makalah ini mengidentifikasi beberapa masalah paling mendesak yang dihadapi oleh perkotaan India dalam konteks perubahan iklim. Makalah ini juga merinci intervensi yang dilakukan di tingkat lokal, nasional, dan internasional untuk melawan dampak perubahan iklim. Selain itu, secara kritis makalah ini mengevaluasi peran organisasi pemerintah, terutama dalam menjalankan fungsi pengaturan dan perencanaan. Makalah ini berpendapat bahwa pelaksanaan reformasi kelembagaan akan memungkinkan pemerintah menjangkau sektor swasta untuk membantu meningkatkan pelayanan perkotaan. Makalah ini juga memberikan contoh praktik terbaik dari India dan dunia dalam memerangi perubahan iklim melalui pendekatan adaptasi dan mitigasi.Kata kunci. Urbanisasi, perubahan iklim, keterkaitan, tata kelola kota, mitigasi.

scholarly journals Performance and suggested alternative strategies in developing Indonesian cocoa export business

1970 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bambang Dradjat ◽  
Herman Herman
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Alliance ◽  
World Market ◽  
Cocoa Bean ◽  
Affecting Factors ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Alternative Strategies ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Regional Budget ◽  
The Government

This research focussed on the export development of cocoa bean with respect to its export growth, values and competitiveness. Based on this deve-lopment, the aim of this research is to propose alternative development strategies of export business for cocoa bean in the future. The Analysis Hierarchie Process (AHP) framework of export business of cocoa bean was arranged consecutively from formulation of focuss or goals, identification of affecting factors and actors, deter mination of actor objectives, and recognition of alternative strategies needed. Each component of goals, factors, actors, objectives, and alternative strategies were valued on the basis of their importance using Saaty scales. Results of interviews with experts were analyzed using AHP technique. The development of cocoa bean export from 2000 to 2006 showed the competitiveness position of Indonesia in the world market was fairly good. In order to increase the growth and values of cocoa bean export, the experts consider the role of government as regulators and facilitators is very important. The government became the main actor for the export development through de/regulation related to the cocoa bean commodity. The objectives of actors could be achieved by combining strategies (i) provision of fund in national and regional budget, as well as other sources (ii) implementation of recomended technologies of cocoa, (iii) acceleration of replanting program, (iv) improvement of research productivity in producing high yielding plant materials, (v) development of transportation facilities from farms to harbours, (vi) development of farmers’ organization and partnerships as well as strategic alliance, and (viii) pests and diseases control. Key words: Cocoa bean, expor, role of government, objectives and strategies.

scholarly journals Role of the Local Government and Participation of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (UMKM) In the Development of Plastic Craft Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Ardyan Firdausi Mustoffa ◽  
Ika Farida Ulfah ◽  
Iin Wijayanti
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
The Government ◽  
Craft Industry ◽  
Medium Enterprises

This study aims to describe the role of local government and the participation of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in the development of Plastic Woven Crafts in Karanggebang Jetis Village, Ponorogo Regency. The theory used in the formulation of the first problem regarding the role of local government uses the theory of Gede Diva (2009) which divides the role of government in three ways, namely the role of government as a facilitator, the role of government as regulator and the role of government as a catalyst. Second, the participation of UMKM actors uses the theory of Cohen and Uphoff in Distianto (2016) into four forms of participation, namely participation in planning, participation in implementation, participation in the utilization of results and finally participation in evaluation.This research uses the descriptive qualitative method. The technique of determining informants using purposive sampling techniques and data collection techniques carried out through interviews, observations, and documentation. The results of this research in the efforts to develop UMKM Plastic Weaving Crafts in Karanggebang Jetis Village, Ponorogo Regency, in general, there has been no interference from the government and UMKM entrepreneurs. So far, plastic woven crafts are still not developed. To develop UMKM especially plastic woven handicrafts located in Karanggebang Jetis, it is necessary to have the role of government and participation of UMKM actors.

scholarly journals Implikasi dan Arah Kebijakan Pemberian Anggaran APBN/APBD Untuk Operasional Pengelola Zakat dalam Meningkatkan Fungsi Pemerintah

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Cucu Solihah
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
State Development ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Regional Budget ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government

The commitment in building Indonesia as a prosperous country gives consequence to the role of government in prospering the community. It is conducted by empowering the programs having potency of financial sources for developing this state. Beside the tax as the financial source of state development, the government enforces the policy of zakat management.  The policy is the act number 23 in 2011 concerning zakat management in which the fund derives from the national / regional budget. In this case, the national or regional zakat council manages the zakat management. It is expected, it can help the process of state development and be a media in improving the social welfare as one of the government’s roles

scholarly journals PERANAN PEMERINTAH DALAM PENERTIBAN PENAMBANGAN ILEGAL NIKEL DI KABUPATEN KOLAKA UTARA

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aslam Aslam ◽  
Abdul Kadir Adys ◽  
Rudi Hardi
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Asset Management ◽  
Qualitative Description ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Illegal Mining ◽  
Inhibiting Factors ◽  
Regulation Services ◽  
The Government ◽  
Management Functions

This study discusses the role of government in curbing illegal mining of nickel in North Kolaka. The method used in this study is a qualitative description of the approach. Data collection techniques in this research is observation, interview and documentation. The results showed that: The government's role in the nickel curb illegal mining of all functions is still very weak both in setting / regulation, services, community development, asset management functions of State and public safety, order, security, and protection; Inhibiting factors for the Government to curb illegal mining namely: lack of government coordination, no oversight, public apathy and lack of awareness of the mine owners. The factors supporting government's role in curbing illegal mining nickel miner and openness is the attitude of the community greatly assist the government.  Penelitian ini membahas tentang peran pemerintah dalam menertibkan pertambangan ilegal nikel di Kabupaten Kolaka Utara.  Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan deskripsi kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi, wawancara mendalam dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: Peran pemerintah dalam menertibkan pertambangan nikel illegal dari semua fungsi masih sangat lemah baik dalam pengaturan/regulasi, pelayanan, pemberdayaan masyarakat, pengelolaan asset Negara maupun dari fungsi keamanan, ketertiban, pengamanan, dan perlindungan; Faktor penghambat bagi pemerintah dalam menertibkan pertambangan illegal yakni: tidak adanya koordinasi pemerintah, tidak ada pengawasan, sikap apatis masyarakat serta kurangnya kesadaran pemilik tambang. Sedangkan faktor pendukung peran pemerintah dalam penertiban pertambangan nikel illegal adalah sikap penambang dan keterbukaan masyarakat sangat membantu pemerintah.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THINK TANKS IN THE U.S. IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY: THE POLITICAL AND SOCIOECONOMIC CONTEXT

2020 ◽  
pp. 99-109
Author(s):  
Iana V. Shchetinskaia ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Relations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Think Tanks ◽  
Rand Corporation ◽  
The Political ◽  
International Crises ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
The Government ◽  
The U.S

Research institutions and specifically think tanks have existed and developed in the United States for more than 100 years. Since their inception, they have changed and evolved in many ways, while expanding their research foci and political impact. Since the 2010s, a few experts in the field have observed that the U.S. policy expertise is now in crisis. To understand current challenges of policy analysis institutions it is important to study them in a historical retrospective. This article explores the political and socioeconomic contexts in which think tanks emerged and developed from 1910 to the 1950-s. It particularly examines the role of international crises, as well as domestic political factors, such as the role of philanthropy organizations, institutional changes in the government, and others. It discusses how these domestic and foreign policy aspects affected the early development of the Carnegie Endowment for the International Peace (1910), the Council on Foreign Relations (1921) and the RAND Corporation (1948).

How Government and Leaders Make Cities Work

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Oluf Emerson ◽  
Kevin T. Smiley
Keyword(s):  
Role Of Government ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
The Government ◽  
Tax Structures

Chapter 3 discusses government in the two cities in four sections. First, we do not take for granted what government is supposed to do but instead analyze how leaders consider the role of government in the first place. Second, we discuss the priorities that rank highest on their priorities rubric for the government. Third, we discuss how they pay for city services by examining budgets and tax structures. Finally, we look outside government to see how much of what is public is accomplished by nongovernmental actors, especially in Market Cities. Through all of these, we show how Copenhagen has a much wider and collective imprint on what government should do than does the Market City of Houston.

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