scholarly journals Clinical signs of brachycephalic ocular syndrome in 93 dogs

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Costa ◽  
Andrea Steinmetz ◽  
Esmeralda Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Ophthalmological Examination ◽  
Excessive Pressure ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Ocular Abnormalities ◽  
Disease Complex ◽  
Corneal Ulcers ◽  
Ocular Disorders ◽  
Microsoft Office

Abstract Background Brachycephalic breeds have anatomical skull changes that are responsible for ocular clinical signs, known as the brachycephalic ocular syndrome (BOS). Their popularity has increased in recent years but the excessive pressure of selection lead to extreme conformation of skull shapes, resulting in facial alterations that can put these dogs’ vision at risk. Objectives This study aimed to analyse the ocular disorders in a sample of 93 brachycephalic dogs to better characterize the disease complex BOS. Material and methods Brachycephalic dogs were submitted to a complete ophthalmological examination. The studied parameters included animal’s sex, age and breed, age, ophthalmological tests performed, results of complementary exams, clinical signs, ocular disorders, treatment protocols and their outcomes. Data were organized using Microsoft Office Excel 2007® and statistical analysis was performed with IBM SPSS Statistics 20®. Results The studied population included 93 brachycephalic dogs 45 males (48%) and 48 females (52%) from different breeds: French Bulldog (n = 38), Shih-Tzu (n = 22), Pug (n = 17), English Bulldog (n = 5), Pekingese (n = 4), Boxer (n = 4) and Boston Terrier (n = 3), aged between 0.2–16 years, median 4.65 years. The most frequent ocular abnormalities were corneal ulcers in 44%, corneal pigmentation in 36%, corneal fibrosis in 25% and entropion in 22% of the animals. There was a higher incidence of corneal pigmentary keratitis in Pugs (53%) and corneal fibrosis in Shih Tzus (36%). The most common surgical techniques were medial canthoplasty in 22%, conjunctival flap in 10% and electroepilation in 7% of the cases, without post-operative complications. Conclusions: This study contributed to a better characterization of the disease complex brachycephalic ocular syndrome. The percentage of ocular disorders like entropion, corneal pigmentation, fibrosis and ulcers was high, highlighting the importance of a regular ophthalmological check-up, and early diagnosis of the primary disorders. A higher incidence of corneal pigmentation was noticed in Pugs and corneal fibrosis in Shih Tzus, which suggests that some brachycephalic breeds may be predisposed to certain ocular abnormalities. A responsible reproductive strategy should be implemented to avoid undesired transmission of the abnormal traits to the offspring.

scholarly journals Ocular abnormalities in Polish Hunting Dogs

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0258636
Author(s):  
Ireneusz Balicki ◽  
Małgorzata Goleman ◽  
Agnieszka Balicka
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Ophthalmological Examination ◽  
Progressive Retinal Atrophy ◽  
Ocular Abnormalities ◽  
Retinal Lesions ◽  
Retinal Layers ◽  
Hunting Dogs ◽  
Interdigitation Zone ◽  
Sd Oct

This study aimed to describe and determine the prevalence of ocular abnormalities in Polish Hunting Dogs. The study was conducted with 193 Polish Hunting Dogs: 101 female and 92 male animals, aged between 3 months and 12 years. Ophthalmic examinations were performed using slit lamp biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, and tonometry based on the ophthalmological protocol for the examination of hereditary eye diseases. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) was performed for dogs with sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome (SARDS) and progressive retinal atrophy (PRA), while electroretinography was also performed in dogs with SARDS. Five dogs (2.6%) were diagnosed with cataract, iris coloboma in 3 dogs (1.6%), ocular dermoid in 1 dog (0.5%), and retinal dysplasia, distichiasis and entropion in 1 dog (1%). Three dogs (1.6%) were diagnosed with PRA and SARDS occurred in 1 dog. Retinal lesions was observed in 16 dogs (8.3%). The clinical signs of retinopathy observed in Polish Hunting Dogs included discoloration of the tapetal fundus, patchy increased reflectivity in the region of discoloration, focus of hyperpigmentation and an area of tapetal hyper-reflectivity with a pigmented center. SD-OCT performed in the 3 dogs with PRA revealed alteration in the retinal layers, which was most advanced in the non-tapetal fundus. Although SD-OCT revealed retinal layers with normal architecture only in some parts of the dorsal, nasal and temporal regions in dogs with SARDS, areas of disorganized external limiting membrane, myeloid zone, ellipsoid zone, outer photoreceptor segment and interdigitation zone were also observed. Polish Hunting Dogs should undergo periodic ophthalmological examination for the evaluation of other hereditary eye diseases. The prevalence of retinal lesions in Polish Hunting Dogs requires further research.

scholarly journals Laryngeal stent for acute and chronic respiratory distress in seven dogs with laryngeal paralysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Cecilia Ricart ◽  
Sergio Martín Rodríguez ◽  
Roberto Miguel Duré
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Laryngeal Function ◽  
Laryngeal Stenosis ◽  
Laryngeal Paralysis ◽  
Silicone Stent

Background: Laryngeal paralysis, failure of arytenoid cartilage, and vocal fold abduction are commonly seen in older medium to large breed dogs. Observation of laryngeal function in dogs and cats is performed by transoral visualization. There are a variety of surgical techniques; aspiration pneumonia is the most common complication associated with surgical correction of laryngeal paralysis. The aim of this case series is to report on the placement of a laryngeal silicone stent in seven dogs with laryngeal paralysis and its use as an alternative treatment of respiratory distress caused by laryngeal paralysis and/or its use for laryngeal stenosis as complication of laryngeal paralysis surgery.Case description: Seven dogs presented with either episode of gagging, mild-to-severe inspiratory distress, or cyanosis because of a laryngeal paralysis or laryngeal stenosis. In each case, the laryngeal paralysis was diagnosed by direct laryngoscopy. They were treated with a silicone laryngeal stent (Stening®) that substantially improved the clinical signs. Each dog had a different outcome because of other pathologies; however, the laryngeal pathology was successfully treated with the stent.Conclusion: The placement of the laryngeal stent is an easy technique to learn and practice, it could avoid the lifethreatening complications of the laryngeal paralysis at the acute phase, and it could be a noninvasive and long-term alternative therapy for laryngeal paralysis in dogs. The results in these clinical cases are encouraging for considering the laryngeal stent as a therapeutic alternative. Key words: Canine, Polyneuropathy, Prosthesis, Surgery.

PROGRESSIVE ATHEROSCLEROTIC CORONARY ARTERIES IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERAL ISCHEMIC EVENTS IN ANAMNESIS

2021 ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
Parkhomenko O.M. ◽  
Lozhkina N.G.
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Syntax Score ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Microsoft Office ◽  
Ischemic Events

Вackground. Progressive atherosclerosis is accompanied by unfavorable clinical outcomes; study and understanding of this process is necessary to identify the appropriate risk groups. Purpose of the study to study the dynamics of atherosclerotic lesions of the coronary arteries in patients with several ischemic events in history. Patient Characterization and Research Methods. The present subanalysis included 51 patients with recurrent nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) out of the initially included 100 patients with index MI. All 100 patients had a history of two or more ischemic coronary or cerebral events, which corresponds to the clinical signs of progressive atherosclerosis. The dynamics of the degree of coronary stenosis from the moment of index MI to repeated MI was assessed according to the data of selective coronary angiography. The statistical program Microsoft Office Excel 2019 was used. Results. All patients with recurrent myocardial infarction (51 people) had signs of progression of coronary artery stenosis: "mild" progression - 82.3%, "moderate" and "severe" - 15.6% and 2.1%, respectively. SYNTAX Score> 22.5 points was a predictor of one-year adverse outcomes: OR 6.349, CI (2.548-15.823). The results obtained make it possible to distinguish a group of patients with accelerated atherosclerosis syndrome in order to stratify the risk and optimally manage this complex category of patients.

scholarly journals Incidence of Pet Intoxications in the Emergency Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Amalia Marina NEAGU ◽  
Ecaterina DIAC ◽  
Andrei Razvan CODEA ◽  
Andras NAGY ◽  
Adrian OROS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Mixed Breed ◽  
Microsoft Office ◽  
Common Field

Veterinary toxicology is a common field in veterinary medicine, being a science closely related to other clinical and para clinical disciplines. The multitude of toxics and the ability of each organism to respond differently to them, non-specific clinical signs and an inadequate anamnesis can often put the clinician in difficulty when seeking to diagnose. The aim of the study was to highlight the incidence of pet poisoning cases, over a period of 10 years of time at the emergency clinic, faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. An epidemiological study was performed with the help of the emergency clinic archive, where the files of the intoxicated patients were selected. The data were centralized in the Microsoft Office Excel. The results obtained revealed the sum of 256 cases of pet poisoning in the last ten years (0.611% of the number of cases registered during this period), of which the predominantly affected species was the dog of mixed breed. Also, within the most common poisonings, the ones with ethylene glycol and anticoagulants rodenticides were observed. In the present study a correlation was established between breed, age, sex and the most frequent incidence of poisoning, common toxins and the connection between the periods of the year.

scholarly journals Feline herpesvirus 1 viral load related to environmental factors in sheltered cats

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Baumworcel ◽  
Joylson de Jesus Pereira ◽  
Ana Maria Barros Soares ◽  
Guilherme Nunes Souza ◽  
Nadia Regina Pereira Almosny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Viral Reactivation ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Ophthalmological Examination ◽  
Environment Stress

ABSTRACT: Shelter environment stress factors are related to FHV-1 viral reactivation. However, comparisons between conjunctival viral load and environmental factors have not been commonly evaluated. The aim of this study was to correlate FHV-1 viral load in domestic cats with and without clinical signs of conjunctivitis to shelter design in order to use FHV-1 viral load as a parameter of “health management”. Cats from four different shelters underwent an ophthalmological examination. Samples were collected by rolling a DNA/RNAse-free cytobrush over the ventral conjunctival fornix and were stored in 1.5 mL sterile microtubes in 500 μL of Eagle’s minimum essential medium and kept at 4 ºC. Molecular procedures were performed up to 48 hours after collection. Different routines regarding new arrivals were directly related to FHV-1 viral load. Shelters where new arrivals occurred on daily basis had the highest viral load (2.69x108 copies/µL), while those shelters where new arrivals had not occurred in the few months prior to the beginning of the study had the lowest rate (1.63x103 copies/µL). Environmental factors directly influenced FHV-1 DNA viral load. This study highlighted the need to improve the management approach in the animal shelter environment to reduce stressful situations responsible for FHV-1 reactivation and higher viral load quantification.

scholarly journals Oroantral fistulas closure using Bichat's fat pad

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-442
Author(s):  
Marcelo Fernando do AMARAL ◽  
Luiz Antonio Portela GUERRA ◽  
Marleny Elizabeth Márquez de Martínez GERBI ◽  
Audemir Rocha MELO ◽  
David Gomes de Alencar GONDIM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Third Molar ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Purulent Discharge ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Oroantral Fistula ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Surgical Treatments

The oroantral fistula is one of the complications most common after dental extractions in posterior maxillary, mainly in the region of second and third molar. The diagnosis is based on clinical signs and symptoms, which may be present in pain, fever, hyposmia and drainage of purulent discharge; additional examinations such as computed tomography and sinus nasal endoscopy improve diagnostic precision. It is therefore of paramount importance to correct early diagnosis and treatment avoiding in this way, the symptons of sinusitis, infections and dysphonia. Several surgical techniques have been proposed for the closure of the bucosinusal fistula; the use of Bichat´s fat pad has become a successful alternative among them. Many surgical treatments have been to propose for closure of bucosinusal fistula; Bichat fat pad has been a good alternative. The propose for this article is report two cases with closure of bucosinusal fistulas through Bichat's fat pad, as well as to discuss the surgical techniques, characteristics, indications and peculiarities.

scholarly journals Complex Approach to the Bacterial Corneal Ulcers Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 796-803
Author(s):  
E. V. Yani ◽  
V. A. Golikova
Keyword(s):  
Corneal Ulcer ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Functional Results ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ophthalmological Examination ◽  
Entire Treatment Period ◽  
Corneal Ulcers ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Corticosteroid Drugs

Purpose: Objective: to evaluate the effect of treatment of bacterial corneal ulcers of varying severity using a combination of antibacterial and corticosteroid drugs.Material and methods. 63 patients with bacterial corneal ulcers of varying severity were treated. The study used a quantitative scale to assess the severity of corneal ulcers. Group 1 — patients with mild corneal ulcers (18 patients); Group 2 — patients with moderate corneal ulcer (17 patients); group 3 — severe corneal ulcer (11 patients); control group — patients with mild corneal ulcer (17 patients). Patients of groups 1, 2 and 3, in addition to the conventional treatment, received Dexamethasone 0.1 % — 0.3 ml in parabulbar injections from the first day of treatment for the entire treatment period. Kr). In addition to the standard ophthalmological examination, all patients were assessed for the ulcer defect using measurements on OCT-POG accessing the parameters of the diameter of the corneal ulcer (d) and the depth coefficient (Kr).Results. The patients in the 1st group received antibacterial treatment and the addition of parabulbar injections of a corticosteroid drug (Dexamethasone). It allowed to decrease the treatment time and the period of hospitalization, promoted faster epithelialization and a reduction in the depth of the ulcer, less coarse scarring of the cornea, allowed to increase the functional results of treatment. The proposed treatment for severe corneal ulcers in 55 % of cases allows to use only conservative treatment. It is possible to obtain moderate opacity with vascularization in 60 % cases, which contributes to the preservation and/or improvement of visual acuity, despite the severity of the inflammatory process without the use of surgical intervention.Conclusion. The proposed treatment, involving the use of the corticosteroid drug Dexamethasone 0.1 % in parabulbar injections of 0.3 ml once daily for a bacterial corneal ulcer of mild severity for, average, 15.0 ± 1.4 days, a bacterial corneal ulcer of moderate severity — 18.0 ± 1.3 days, severe bacterial corneal ulcer — 25.0 ± 4.4 days, seems to be effective if the proposed parameters of the diameter and depth of the corneal ulcer are controlled. 

scholarly journals Canine parvovirosis: Still an existing problem.

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (04) ◽  
pp. 6191-2019
Author(s):  
ALICJA WÓJCIK ◽  
STANISŁAW WINIARCZYK ◽  
JERZY ZIĘTEK
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Prophylactic Vaccination ◽  
Hemorrhagic Enteritis

Parvoviral infections of dogs are still a clinical problem throughout the world. This is despite the development of prevention, increased awareness among the owners and increasingly effective treatment protocols due to the extremely high virulence of the virus. Parvovirosis is a disease caused by a virus of the Parvoviridae family in various variants: CPV-2, CPV-2a, CPV-2b and CPV-2c, all of which produce similar clinical signs, including acute hemorrhagic enteritis and myocarditis. It is one of the most important viral pathogens, with extremely high morbidity and mortality. This study is a compendium of current knowledge about parvoviral infections in dogs. It describes their aetiology, pathogenesis and factors predisposing to parvovirosis. Special emphasis is placed on the description of clinical signs and treatment of sick dogs. Various diagnostic methods that are necessary to make the final diagnosis of the disease are described. The recommendations of the WSAVA on prophylactic vaccination are also analyzed.

scholarly journals Central bacterial corneal ulcers of prolonged course. Immunological aspects and tactics of etiopathogenetic treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
V. V. Neroev ◽  
L. A. Katargina ◽  
L. A. Kovaleva ◽  
G. I. Krichevskaya ◽  
N. V. Balatskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Virus ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Corneal Ulcers ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Herpès Virus

Purpose: to describe the characteristic clinical signs and to study the causes of the development of an unfavorable prolonged course of bacterial corneal ulcers of central localization, and to improve treatment effectiveness. Material and methods. A total of 289 patients with central bacterial corneal ulcers were examined. Two types courses of bacterial corneal ulcer were distinguished: favorable (acute and subacute) and unfavorable (prolonged subacute and prolonged chronic forms). Blood (122 samples) and scrapings from corneal ulcers (110 samples) were examined in a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of simple herpes virus (HSV) 1 and 2 types, virus Epstein–Barr (VEB), human herpes virus (HHV)-6, and HHV-7. To detect autoimmune sensitization to the corneal antigens, migration inhibition reaction of leukocytes (MIRL, 215 samples) was used. Results. In patients with unfavorable course of the disease, blood and corneal HHV DNA was detected in 88.7 % of cases, while with a favorable course only 10 % of cases showed the presence of HHV DNA (р < 0.002). In all patients, HHV type 6 was predominating. Autosensitivity to corneal antigens was detected in 8 (10.4 %) out of 77 patients at the end of the first week of the disease, and as the disease progressed, the number of patients with an autoimmune component increased to reach 63.2 % (48 of 76). The inclusion of antiviral and immunosuppressive drugs into the routine treatment plan led to complete epithelialization of the cornea within 5–10 days. Сonclusion. The protracted course of bacterial corneal ulcers was found to be caused by a mixed herpes-bacterial infection, which is corroborated by the effectiveness of the modified treatment tactics.

scholarly journals Diamond Burr for the Treatment of an Indolent Corneal Ulcer in a Foal

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
João Antônio Tadeu Pigatto ◽  
Luciane De Albuquerque ◽  
Ângela Beatriz de Oliveira Bacchin ◽  
Géssica Maria Ribeiro Da Silva ◽  
Michelle Becker Petersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corneal Epithelium ◽  
Corneal Ulcer ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Ophthalmic Solution ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Current Case ◽  
Fluorescein Staining ◽  
Ophthalmic Examination ◽  
Corneal Ulcers ◽  
Diamond Burr

Background: Indolent corneal ulcers have been described as superficial ulcers with an associated rim of loose peripheral epithelium Treatment for indolent ulcers include debridement, grid keratotomy, multiple punctate keratotomy, third eyelid flaps, application of cyanoacrylate tissue adhesives, superficial keratectomy, and a debridement with a diamond burr.Case: A 2-month-old female American Quarter Horse was referred to the Ophthalmology Veterinary Section of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil, presenting epiphora and blepharospasm. A local veterinarian doctor had prescribed broad spectrum topical antibiotic and anti-inflammatory drops, although there was no positive response to the treatment for the past two weeks. Ophthalmic examination reveals and moderate discomfort in the left eye, epiphora, and mild corneal edema in the area of the defect. Slit lamp biomicroscopy revealed a superficial corneal ulcer with about 6 mm. Corneal epithelium did not adhere to underlying corneal stroma. The remainder of the ophthalmic examination of the left eye was unremarkable. The diagnosis of a corneal ulcer was made based on these clinical signs and fluorescein staining of the cornea where the stain dissects under the unattached epithelial lip. A handheld battery-operated motorized diamond burr, with a 3.5 mm medium grit tip, was utilized to remove the epithelium. The medical treatment included tobramycin eye drops, and flurbiprofen sodium ophthalmic solution, being applied six times daily, after the procedure, during two weeks, and atropine sulphate 1% was applied once a day, during three days. The foal was hospitalized until healing the corneal ulcer. For two weeks, the foal was assessed daily, and, after that, follow-up visits were scheduled weekly for four months. Healing was defined as the point at which the cornea no longer retained fluorescein.Discussion: Ulcers localized to the corneal epithelium, do not heal within the expected time frame, and have been characterized by epithelial border poorly adherent corneal and being commonly referred as indolent corneal ulcers. In this case, corneal ulcers are chronic and have not responded to an appropriate therapy for 14 days. The corneal ulcer was diagnosed based on history, clinical signs and fluorescein staining of the cornea. Usually, medical treatments provide disappointing results. Surgical treatment aims to remove the loosened epithelium in order to facilitate the growth of new epithelial cells, with stronger adhesion complexes. The utilization of a diamond burr, for the treatment of an indolent corneal ulcer, has been previously reported in humans, and dogs. In the present case, the debridement with a diamond burr was chosen on account of excellent results obtained in previous studies in humans and dogs, when treating indolent corneal ulcers. In the current case, the corneal ulcer healed in ten days, while in a study comparing the outcome in 23 horses treated by debridement, grid keratotomy, or superficial keratectomy, the mean times until complete healing were 15, 16 and 23 days, respectively. In the present case, debridement with diamond burr was effective in the treatment of a recurrent corneal ulcer in a foal.

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