Using moral foundations in government communication to reduce vaccine hesitancy

Having a vaccine available does not necessarily imply that it will be used. Indeed, uptake rates for existing vaccines against infectious diseases have been fluctuating in recent years. Literature suggests that vaccine hesitancy may be grounded in deeply rooted intuitions or values, which can be modelled using Moral Foundations Theory (MFT). We examine the respective prominence of the MFT dimensions in government communication regarding childhood vaccinations and explore its effect on parents’ vaccine hesitancy. We measure the MFT dimension loading of the vaccination information brochures from the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) between 2011-2019 and connect this information with the electronic national immunisation register to investigate if the use of moral foundations in government communication has a measurable effect on vaccination uptake. We find the largest positive effect for the dimensions Authority/Subversion and Liberty/Oppression and suggestive evidence in favour of a small positive effect for Purity/Degradation. Conversely, Loyalty/Betrayal actually has a negative effect on vaccination rates. For the dimension Harm/Care, we find no significant effect. While Purity/Degradation and Harm/Care appear to be the two most frequently used moral foundations by RIVM, these dimensions have in fact no or only a minor effect on parents’ vaccine hesitancy. Reducing the use of these moral foundations may be the first step towards optimising government communication in this context. Instead, formulations activating the moral foundations Authority/Subversion and Liberty/Oppression appear to have positive effects on vaccination uptake.

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Economic Integration and Business Cycle Synchronization in Asia

Asian Economic Papers ◽

10.1162/asep_a_00188 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 76-99 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Chi Gong ◽

Soyoung Kim

Keyword(s):

Business Cycle ◽

Economic Integration ◽

Regional Integration ◽

Financial Integration ◽

Trade Integration ◽

Business Cycle Synchronization ◽

Empirical Results ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Positive Effect

This paper examines the effects of internal (or regional) vs. external (inter-regional) integration and of trade vs. financial integration on regional business cycle synchronization in Asia. The empirical results show the following: (1) similar and strong common external linkages have significant positive effects on regional business cycle synchronization; (2) after controlling for external linkages, internal trade integration has a positive effect on regional business cycle synchronization but internal financial integration has a negative effect; and (3) the measures of external linkages, particularly the measure of external financial linkages, are more important than those of internal linkages in explaining regional business cycle co-movements.

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THE FACTORS INFLUENCING ECONOMIC GROWTH IN INDONESIA

Quantitative Economics Journal ◽

10.24114/qej.v8i1.19925 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Dian Citra Amelia

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Foreign Direct Investment ◽

International Trade ◽

Direct Investment ◽

Government Expenditure ◽

Negative Influence ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Negative Effect ◽

The Government ◽

Positive Effect

This research is based on the fact that the state of economic growth in Indonesia tends to fluctuate, even more often decrease. This is because the government policy is not appropriate to improve the economic growth of Indonesia. This study aims to determine and analyze the factors of foreign direct investment, inflation, international trade, and government expenditure that affect economic growth in Indonesia. The problem in this research is due to the limited fund in economic development both structure and infrastructure so that economic growth tends to decrease. Therefore, appropriate strategies must be taken to overcome the limitations in promoting economic growth. From this problem, this research aims to see how big influence of foreign direct investment (FDI), inflation (INF), international trade (NX) and government expenditure (GE) variable to economic growth. The data used in this study is secondary data (periodical data) in the period of observation 1996-2014 obtained from the World Bank and Statistics of Indonesia. To identify the influence of the variables used in this study used the VAR (Vector Autoregression) method. The results of this study show that equation regression shows that FDI (-1) has a negative influence on economic growth and FDI (-2) has a positive effect on economic growth, INF (-1) and INF (-2) have positive effects on economic growth , Variable NX (-1) has a positive effect on economic growth but NX (-2) has a negative effect on economic growth, and GE variable (-1) has a positive effect on economic growth while GE (-2) has a negative effect on growth Economy.

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Dynamic Associations Between Lifestyle Factors and Positive and Negative Affect in Middle-Aged African Americans

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igab046.1405 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 364-364

Author(s):

Raheem Paxton ◽

Chuong Bui ◽

Rebecca Allen ◽

Edward Sazonov

Keyword(s):

African Americans ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Well Being ◽

Lifestyle Factors ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Mixed Effect ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Positive Effect

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the dynamic association between lifestyle factors and both positive and negative effect in middle-aged African Americans. Methods Study participants (N = 69, Mean age=51 years, 80% female) were recruited from two African American churches in the Deep South. Participants completed daily surveys on positive and negative effect, physical activity, sedentary behavior, diet quality, and sleep quality daily for up to 10-days. Mixed-effect models were used to examine associations between the variables of interest. Results On days that participants were more active, they experienced higher mean positive effect (P = .015) and lower mean negative effect (P = .028) scores. Conversely, more time spent sitting in lagged models (i.e., T-1) was associated with higher mean negative effect (P = .001) and lower mean positive effect (P = .040) scores. In lagged models, better sleep quality was associated with higher positive effects (P = .007) scores but reported lower negative effects (P < .0001) scores on the same day. Lastly, on days where diet quality was higher, positive effect scores were higher (P < 0.05). Association between diet quality and positive effect was moderated by age (P = .025). Conclusion The data suggest that same and previous day health behaviors may have a significant impact on the health and well-being of middle-aged African Americans. More research is needed to determine whether these behaviors can be targeted in real-time as a means of improving mental health outcomes in this population.

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Positive and negative effects of allochthonous dissolved organic matter and inorganic nutrients on phytoplankton growth

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f01-194 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

pp. 85-95 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Jennifer L Klug

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Dissolved Organic Matter ◽

Phytoplankton Community ◽

Phytoplankton Growth ◽

Inorganic Nutrients ◽

Physiological Status ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Positive Effect

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) can have both positive and negative effects on phytoplankton growth. The magnitude of these effects may vary depending on the source of DOM and the composition of the phytoplankton community. Here, I address the relative importance of the positive and negative effects of DOM extracts on phytoplankton growth. In short-term experiments with phytoplankton from West Long Lake, a small, moderately coloured lake in northern Michigan, U.S.A., the net effect of doubling ambient DOM on phytoplankton growth was positive. Increasing DOM concentrations from ~10 mg C·L1 to ~20 mg C·L1 had a negative effect on total phytoplankton growth by reducing irradiance and thus reducing the depth to which growth was positive. However, inorganic nutrients in the DOM extracts increased growth at each irradiance level. The positive effect on phytoplankton growth owing to the nutrients associated with DOM was greater than the negative effect caused by shading. Although the positive effects of allochthonous DOM inputs outweighed the negative effects for the nutrient-limited phytoplankton in these experiments, the net effect depends on the concentration and availability of nutrients associated with allochthonous DOM as well as the physiological status of the phytoplankton community.

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Relational Capital and Individual Exploration: Unravelling the Influence of Goal Alignment and Knowledge Acquisition

Organization Studies ◽

10.1177/0170840615580009 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 36 (6) ◽

pp. 809-829 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Tom J.M. Mom ◽

Pepijn van Neerijnen ◽

Patrick Reinmoeller ◽

Ernst Verwaal

Keyword(s):

Theoretical Model ◽

Knowledge Acquisition ◽

Relational Capital ◽

Group Level ◽

Goal Alignment ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Comprehensive View ◽

Negative Effect ◽

The Relationship ◽

Positive Effect

We investigate how the relational capital of a person within an organization affects the extent to which she or he conducts exploration activities. Our theory separates out a negative effect that comes from aligning goals with other organizational members from a positive effect that stems from acquiring knowledge from them. Our data from 150 members of the R&D teams of three leading R&D-intensive firms support the theoretical model. By developing and testing this theory, we contribute to the literature on exploration, which lacks understanding of the antecedents of individual exploration in organizations. We also contribute to relational capital literature, which has focused on organizational and group-level exploration, but which has shown inconsistent findings regarding the relationship between relational capital and exploration. A reason for this may be that this body of research has emphasized positive effects of relational capital for exploration only, and has not accounted for the different mechanisms that mediate the effects of relational capital on individual exploration activities. Our theory offers a more comprehensive view by explaining how relational capital may provide both benefits and liabilities to individual exploration activities.

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Investigation of Nonlinear Effects of Health Tourism on Iran's Economic Growth: Self-regression approach with distributive intervals

Quarterly Journal of Management Strategies in Health System ◽

10.18502/mshsj.v5i2.4247 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jafar Haghighat ◽

Sara Masoomzadeh

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Service Providers ◽

Nonlinear Effects ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

Health Tourism ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Long Run ◽

Regression Approach ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Positive Effect

Background: Since oil is not a sustainable source of income for oil-rich countries, economic planners have focused on non-oil sources of income. In this regard, the tourism industry is one of the most lucrative industries in the world.Tourism includes services that have a great impact on economic and social activities. Health tourism is one of the most important areas of the tourism industry. So, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of health tourism shocks on economic growth in 2005-17 using the self-regression approach with distributive intervals. Methods: In this applied analytical research, the required statistics and information in terms of logarithm were collected through documentary and library methods from 2005 to 2017. Results: The experimental findings of the present study showed that the short term increase in the number of health tourists had a positive effect on the country's economic growth. The decreased number of health tourists also led to a decrease in the country's economic growth. The effective exchange rates and the number of medical services providers to tourists had negative and positive effects on the country's economic growth, respectively. In the long run, increased number of health tourists had a positive effect on economic growth, while a decrease in the number of health tourists had a negative effect on economic growth. The exchange rate and the number of health service providers to tourists had negative and positive effects on economic growth. Conclusion: Both in the short- and long-term, entry of health tourists has a positive effect on the country's economic growth. So, authorities are recommended to invest in this area to provide better services to health tourists on the economic planners and policymakers' agenda.

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THE FACTORS INFLUENCING ECONOMIC GROWTH IN INDONESIA

Quantitative Economics Journal ◽

10.24114/qej.v8i1.23607 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 34

Author(s):

Dian Citra Amelia ◽

Sri Fajar Ayu

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Foreign Direct Investment ◽

International Trade ◽

Direct Investment ◽

Government Expenditure ◽

Negative Influence ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Negative Effect ◽

The Government ◽

Positive Effect

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Machiavellianism dimensions, religiosity, social environment, and tax evasion

Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis ◽

10.24914/jeb.v24i1.3738 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 1-26

Author(s):

Jean Stevany Matitaputty ◽

Priyo Hari Adi

Keyword(s):

Social Environment ◽

Tax Evasion ◽

Online Survey ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Snowball Sampling ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Positive Effect

This research aims to investigate the effects of Machiavellianism dimensions that consist of the use of manipulative tactics, cynical views, and disregard of conventional morality on tax evasion. Further, we also analyze the effects of religiosity and social environment as the variables that control Machiavellianism behavior. The population in this research are individual taxpayers, and the sampling technique used is an online survey with the snowball sampling method. The criteria used in sampling are taxpayers who are self-employed or entrepreneurs. The data is then analyzed using the univariate and multivariate General Linear Model (GLM) methods. The results show that manipulative tactics and disregard of conventional morality have positive effects on tax evasion. Meanwhile, cynical views have a negative effect on tax evasion. Further, religiosity has negative effects on the use of manipulative tactics and disregard of conventional morality. Lastly, social environment has a positive effect on cynical views but no significant effects on the use of manipulative tactics and disregard of conventional morality.

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The influence of Person-Job Fit on burnout and work engagement

The Korean Journal of Industrial and Organizational Psychology ◽

10.24230/kjiop.v25i3.535-556 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 535-556

Author(s):

Changgoo Heo ◽

KangHyun Shin

Keyword(s):

Work Engagement ◽

Elevated Level ◽

Job Characteristics ◽

Positive Influence ◽

Job Fit ◽

Moderating Effects ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Good Relation ◽

Positive Effect

This study was conducted to identify the effects of P-J Fit on burnout and work engagement in a sample of 382 employees from major company. The present study attempted to find out the influences of LMX to burnout and engagement and verify the moderating effects of LMX on the influences. The results showed that P-J Fit reduced level of burnout and elevated level of work engagement and the influences were statistically significant. It means that positive influence of P-J Fit which verified in many previous researches was also founded in burnout and engagement. Next, we found that these positive effects of P-J Fit were moderated by LMX. In other words, LMX were enhancing the positive effect of P-J Fit to engagement and negative effect to burnout. It implies that people who have good relation to their superiors feel less burnout due to P-J Unfit and feel more engagement due to P-J Fit. So, the relations between people in company are as important as job characteristics for human resource management. Finally, Implications and limitations of this study are discussed.

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Low water availability and salinity effects on seedling viability of Bassia indica compared to B. iranica and B. prostrata (Amaranthaceae)

Seed Science Research ◽

10.1017/s0960258515000409 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 77-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Oren Shelef ◽

Tanya Gendler ◽

Yitzchak Gutterman ◽

Shimon Rachmilevitch

Keyword(s):

Desiccation Tolerance ◽

Seedling Survival ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Water Shortage ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Germination Success ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Survival Of Seedlings

AbstractDesert plants are exposed to water shortage and often salinity, instantly after dormancy withdrawal. We studied the effects of aridity and salinity on germination and initial growth of Bassiaindica, B. iranica and B. prostrata. We hypothesized that: (1) all species would exhibit adaptations to water shortage immediately after germination, including rapid root growth and high seedling-survival rates; and (2) obligate halophytes benefit from positive effects of salinity on germination success and desiccation tolerance. After we germinated seeds in water or NaCl solutions, desiccated and rehydrated them, we found that all three species showed rapid germination and root elongation, as well as good germination success. However, salinity had a negative effect on the germination success of all three, with only B. indica germinating in 3% NaCl. Salinity had a positive effect on desiccation tolerance of B. indica seedlings, but had no significant effect on either B. prostrata or B. iranica. Thus the presence of salinity immediately after germination can protect halophyte seedlings from desiccation. To the best of our knowledge, survival of seedlings after periods of desiccation and rewetting with solutions of up to 3% NaCl has never been reported. Studying salinity tolerance in halophytes is important in a world exposed to expanding desertification.

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