scholarly journals Transcriptome analysis of Kentucky bluegrass subject to drought and ethephon treatment

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261472
Author(s):  
Jiahang Zhang ◽  
Yanan Gao ◽  
Lixin Xu ◽  
Liebao Han
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathway ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Relative Water

Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) is an excellent cool-season turfgrass utilized widely in Northern China. However, turf quality of Kentucky bluegrass declines significantly due to drought. Ethephon seeds-soaking treatment has been proved to effectively improve the drought tolerance of Kentucky bluegrass seedlings. In order to investigate the effect of ethephon leaf-spraying method on drought tolerance of Kentucky bluegrass and understand the underlying mechanism, Kentucky bluegrass plants sprayed with and without ethephon are subjected to either drought or well watered treatments. The relative water content and malondialdehyde conent were measured. Meanwhile, samples were sequenced through Illumina. Results showed that ethephon could improve the drought tolerance of Kentucky bluegrass by elevating relative water content and decreasing malondialdehyde content under drought. Transcriptome analysis showed that 58.43% transcripts (254,331 out of 435,250) were detected as unigenes. A total of 9.69% (24,643 out of 254,331) unigenes were identified as differentially expressed genes in one or more of the pairwise comparisons. Differentially expressed genes due to drought stress with or without ethephon pre-treatment showed that ethephon application affected genes associated with plant hormone, signal transduction pathway and plant defense, protein degradation and stabilization, transportation and osmosis, antioxidant system and the glyoxalase pathway, cell wall and cuticular wax, fatty acid unsaturation and photosynthesis. This study provides a theoretical basis for revealing the mechanism for how ethephon regulates drought response and improves drought tolerance of Kentucky bluegrass.

Evaluation of diverse cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] germplasm accessions for drought tolerance

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.D. Nkoana ◽  
Abe Shegro Gerrano ◽  
E.T. Gwata
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Germplasm Accessions

The genetic potential for drought tolerance in cowpea within the small holder sector has not been fully exploited in South Africa. Thus, a drought evaluation experiment was conducted at the ARC-VOP to evaluate 28 cowpea germplasm accessions including two controls viz. IT96D-602 (drought tolerant) and TVU7778 (susceptible to drought) in the drought screening house using plastic box evaluation method in January, 2017. Genotypes raised for three weeks were subjected to 5 weeks of water stress treatment to determine their physiological response through leaf wilting index, relative water content and proline content followed by re-watering to determine genotype (s) with ability to recover from drought stress. Analyses of variance showed highly significant differences in response to moisture stress among the cowpea accessions for the selected physiological traits except for leaf wilting index at week two of drought stress. Stem greenness and recovery appeared to be a reliable indicator of drought tolerant genotypes which was readily observed in Acc1257, Acc1168, Acc2355, IT96D-602 and Acc5352 which also correlated significantly and positively with relative water content and proline content. The genotypes responded differently to drought stress indicating that there is sufficient genetic variability that can be utilized further in breeding for drought stress within the cowpea species.

scholarly journals Classification of genetic diversity for drought tolerance in maize genotypes through principal component analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manal Hefny ◽  
Abdelraheim Ali ◽  
Tarek Byoumi ◽  
Mohamed Al-Ashry ◽  
Salah Okasha
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Relative Water

Water scarcity is a universal environmental constraint for agricultural sustainability and production. Two field experiments were accomplished during the 2012 and 2013 growing seasons in two sites: the experimental farm of Suez Canal University, Ismailia and Romana Province, North Sinai, Egypt to evaluate 21 genotypes of maize comprising six inbred lines and their 15 F1 crosses for their drought tolerance. The experiments were arranged as a split-plot design with three replications, where moisture levels (100 and 50% of evapotranspiration) and maize genotypes were allocated to main plots and sub-plots, respectively. Results showed reduction in performance for most measured traits in response to water stress with varying degrees with yield plant-1 being the most affected. Inversely, proline and relative water content and anthesis-silking interval were increased. Correlation results confirmed the reduced grain yield with the increasing anthesis-silking interval, and suggested kernels row-1, relative water content, peroxidase activity and rows ear-1 in Ismailia, and rows ear-1, relative water content, peroxidase activity, kernel weight in Romana were indirect selection criteria for increasing yield in water scarcity environments. Principal component (PC) analysis showed that three PCs having Eigen value >1 explained 70.67 and 70.16%; 69.79 and 71.38% of the total variability among genotypes in control and stress conditions in Ismailia and Romana, respectively. The crosses P1?P3, P4?P6, P3?P5 and P1?P5 were classified as drought tolerant under Ismailia and Romana conditions. On the other hand, P1xP4, P3xP4, and P4 were considered as drought sensitive in Ismailia conditions. In addition, P5, P2?P4, P1?P4 and P5?P6 were the most affected by water deficiency under Romana conditions.

Effect of PEG mediated water stress on solute accumulation, relative water content, biomass and antioxidant enzymes in rice

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramadevi Kundur ◽  
Papi Reddy Reddy T. ◽  
Manohar Rao.T.
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Proline Accumulation ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Relative Water

In rice, several cultivated and upland varieties need to be assessed and analyzed for drought tolerance traits which could be used in screening and breeding programs for drought tolerance. Hence, the objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of water deficits in two rice cultivars and thereby analyze the role of several physiological traits useful in rice breeding programs for drought tolerance. The rice varieties Tellahamsa (TH) and N22 were screened for tolerance to drought. A comparative study was done subjecting them to PEG mediated water stress. Accumulation of solutes, i.e., proline, total free aminoacids and sugars; biomass production, Relative Water Content (RWC) and the levels of antioxidant enzymes, viz., Catalase (CAT), Ascorbate Peroxidase (APX), Glutathione Reductase(GR), and Superoxide Dismutase(SOD) were analyzed in response to water stress. Maximum proline accumulation was seen within 24hrs of stress, after 10 days TH decreased its proline to one-third, whereas in N22 doubled. Although amino acids doubled within 24hrs, gradually they depleted in N22. This may be due to conversion of aminoacids into proline which could be the most compatible solute. Sugars increased within 24hrs, but were depleted in 10days in both. In TH, the shoot and root biomass decreased, whereas in N22 there was a significant increase in root biomass. Shoot and root RWC of N22 was higher than TH under stress. GR increased in both TH and N22, APX and SOD increased only in N22. Proline accumulation, increase of root biomass and antioxidant enzymes such as APX or SOD during water stress are contributing to drought tolerance and could be used in screening for drought tolerance.

scholarly journals Study of Some Mechanisms of Tolerance and Avoidance of Water Deficit in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1503-1512
Author(s):  
Mimouna Zerrouki ◽  
Zineb Regagba ◽  
Ahmed Adda
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Barley Genotypes

Some mechanisms of drought tolerance and avoidance have been studied in eight barley genotypes. These include three local cultivars (Ttichedrett, Beldi, Saida) and five introduced (Malouh, Seg09, Mari29, Awblack, Beecher) which were grown under three different water supply (100% FC, 60% FC, 30% FC). The increase in intensity of the water deficit reduces differently the relative water content among tested genotypes. Thus, in the treatment of 60% FC, this reduction varies between 1% (Beldi) and 6% (Tichedrett, Beecher), while in the lot of 30% FC it reaches the limits of 3% (Beldi) and 18% (Seg09). The results show that plants grown under water deficit (60% CC, 30% FC) accumulate significantly soluble sugars (r = 0.54**) and K+ (r = 0.26**) compared to control plants (100% CC). Thus, under 30% FC, the accumulation of soluble sugars reached values of 195% and 208% observed at Mari29 and Awblack. The accentuation of the water deficit causes a significant reduction of the RWL particularly after 120 mn (r = -0.27**) which is accompanied by an increase of the stomatic resistance (r = 0.53**). To limit dehydration under the water deficit, tested genotypes were distinguished into three groups by adopting avoidance, tolerance or by combining the two strategies.

Tissue water relations for Brigalow and Mulga

1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 487 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Connor ◽  
BR Tunstall
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Arid Zone Plants

The relationship between the relative water content and the water potential of the phyllodes in brigalow and mulga is compared. It is shown that brigalow phyllode tissue is more resistant to desiccation than that of mulga. This is of interest because mulga has previously been considered to represent an extreme in drought tolerance of Australian arid zone plants.

scholarly journals Seed Antioxidants Interplay with Drought Stress Tolerance Indices in Chilli (Capsicum annuum L) Seedlings

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Lakshmi Sahitya ◽  
M. S. R. Krishna ◽  
R. Sri Deepthi ◽  
G. Shiva Prasad ◽  
D. Peda Kasim
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Tolerance Indices

Altering climatic conditions and water stress drastically affects the chilli crop yield. In this scenario we adapted a strategic approach for screening of elite chilli genotypes, by exploring role of seed antioxidants in stress tolerance during vegetative phase. A total of 20 chilli genotypes’ seed antioxidant potential and its effect on water stress tolerance were studied at three water regimes, namely, control (100% Field Capacity), moderate (80% Field Capacity), and severe (60% Field Capacity) stress conditions. Drought tolerance traits relative water content, chlorophyll content, and activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes were measured. A strong correlation was observed between seed antioxidants and water stress tolerant traits in seedlings. Genotypes KCa-5, KCa-6, and KCa-10 showed low quantity of H2O2 and Malondialdehyde in seeds and maintained high membrane integrity and chlorophyll content in seedlings. High content of proline in KCa-5, KCa-7, and KCa-10 seeds retained high relative water content at seedling stage under severe water stress. Present work reveals genotypic differences of hot pepper to different water regimes. Based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of seed antioxidant variables and drought tolerance indices twenty genotypes segregated into three clusters, namely, drought tolerant and susceptible and moderately tolerant.

scholarly journals Physiological Mechanism and Genotypic Variation in Drought Tolerance of Processing Carrots

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 855C-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajasekaran Lada* ◽  
Azure Stiles ◽  
Christine Pettipas
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Membrane Function ◽  
Xylem Pressure Potential ◽  
Relative Water

Processing carrots are mainly grown under rain-fed conditions in Nova Scotia, and thus become vulnerable to frequent periods of drought. Prolonged drought results in significant reductions in the yield and quality of carrot crops. Resistance to water deficit is gene controlled and it is essential to identify the genotypes that withstand water stress. It is equally important to understand the physiological mechanism(s) that contribute to drought tolerance. Physiological measurements were made on eight carrot varieties exposed to natural drought in a controlled greenhouse. Measurements were made on net photosynthesis, soil moisture, relative water content, membrane injury index, xylem pressure potential, and stem elongation. Overall, the slicer variety Bergen sustained normal plant functions under drought stress better than any of the other varieties. Bergen maintained stem elongation, photosynthetic activity, membrane function, and relative water content under droughted conditions. Another study was conducted to identify carrot varieties that are naturally resistant to drought. A mass screening of 85 slicer, dicer, and cut and peel varieties was conducted under greenhouse conditions. Two-week-old seedlings were exposed to gradual water deficit and observed for visual symptoms of wilting each day as soil moisture declined. Each variety was assigned a wilting score based upon the number of days it withstood drought (min = 1, max = 5). The dicer variety, Prodigy, was the only variety to score a 5 indicating the most drought resistance. Other varieties that withstood drought well were `Caropak', `Interceptor', `Oranza', and `Berlanda'. Varieties such as KC713126, Cello712113, and Cello711411 were more sensitive to water deficit and began to wilt 8 days after drought was imposed.

scholarly journals Midday Drop of Relative Leaf Water Content to Drought Tolerance in Soybean

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
JA Chowdhury ◽  
MA Karim ◽  
QA Khaliq ◽  
MSA Khan ◽  
SK Paul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Water Stress Condition ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
And Control

An experiment was conducted in a Venylhouse of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University during September to December 2012 to determine the effect of midday drop of relative water content (RWC) on drought tolerance of soybean genotypes. Four soybean genotypes viz. Shohag, BARI Soybean-6, BD2331 and BGM2026 were used in the study. Plants were grown in pots under stress and control condition. A marked difference in RWC between morning and midday was observed both in stressed and control plants. BARI Soybean-6 showed higher RWC than rest of the genotypes and BGM2026 showed the lowest at all growth stages. The reduced RWC of BARI Soybean-6 under water stress at vegetative, flowering and pod developing stages were 11.35, 13.52 and 15.04% at 1.00 PM as compared to control, respectively. The reduced RWC of BGM2026 at vegetative, flowering and pod developing stages were 18.99, 20.64 and 23.05% at 1.00 PM, respectively. In stressed plants, midday drop of relative water content was minimal in BARI Soybean-6 (8.97%) and maximum in BGM2026 (17.89%) at 1.00 PM. Under water stress condition BARI Soybean-6 gave the highest seed yield (5.23 g plant-1) and BGM2026 the lowest (3.21 g plant-1) which might be attributed to the drastic reduction in 100-seed weight of RWC in the variety BGM2026 due to the significant reduction in RWC in this variety. Considering the midday drop of RWC and seed yield, it may be concluded that BGM2026 is susceptible and BARI Soybean-6 is drought tolerant among the genotypes.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2015, 18(2): 31-38

scholarly journals Abscisic Acid Accumulation in Relation to Drought Tolerance in Kentucky Bluegrass

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1133-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaolong Wang ◽  
Bingru Huang ◽  
Stacy A. Bonos ◽  
William A. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Drought Duration ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Aba Content

Drought is a major factor limiting plant growth, which has been associated with the accumulation of absicsic acid (ABA) in various species. The objective of the study was to determine the relationship between ABA accumulation and drought tolerance for kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) during short-term drought stress. Eight kentucky bluegrass cultivars (`Midnight', `A82-204', `RSP', `Alpine', `Moonlight', `Brilliant', `Washington', and `Baruzo') were subjected to drought stress in a growth chamber. Water relations, gas exchange rate, and ABA content of leaves were determined at various times during drought stress. Turf quality decreased with drought duration for all eight cultivars. Leaf ABA content increased linearly with drought stress within 11 days of treatment; the rate of the increase was negatively related to the rate of turf quality decline. The rate of ABA accumulation during drought stress was positively correlated with the rates of decrease in turf quality (r2 = 0.6346), increase in electrolyte leakage (r2 = 0.7128), and decrease in relative water content (r2 = 0.5913). There were highly significant negative correlations between ABA content and leaf water potential (r2 = 0.9074), stomatal conductance (r2 = 0.6088), transpiration rate (r2 = 0.6581), net photosynthesis rate (r2 = 0.6956), and a positive correlation between ABA content and electrolyte leakage (r2 = 0.7287). The results indicate that drought tolerance is negatively related to ABA accumulation during shortterm drought stress. ABA accumulation in response to drought stress could be used as a metabolic factor to select for drought tolerance in kentucky bluegrass.

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