scholarly journals Response of spring wheat grown in drought stress to foliar and soil silicon application

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-213
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Soil Application ◽  
Silicon Uptake ◽  
Yield Decrease

The aim of study was the evaluation of silicon (Si) foliar and soil application effect on mitigation of drought stress in spring wheat. Twoyears study was performed in greenhouse with the use of vases with a capacity of 10 kg of soil. Silicon was used as a foliar application at the concentration of 6 mM Si/l and as soil application before plant sowing at doses 200 and 400 mg Si/kg, in the form of Na2SiO3. At the growth stage of tillering, drought stress was introduced and soil moisture was kept at 30% PPW. Silicon application positively affected yield and biochemical parameters of plants growing under water stress. Soil application was more efficient than foliar one in reducing of yield decrease and negative impact of water deficit on plants. Silicon uptake from soil by wheat was greater than from foliar application.

scholarly journals Winter Application of Low-biuret Urea to the Foliage of `Washington' Navel Orange Increased Yield

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 1144-1150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwar G. Ali ◽  
Carol J. Lovatt
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Navel Orange ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil Application ◽  
Washington Navel ◽  
Orange Trees

The objective of this study was to test whether a single winter prebloom foliar application of low-biuret urea would increase the yield of 30-year-old `Washington' navel orange trees [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] on Troyer citrange rootstock [C. sinensis `Washington' × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.]. All trees received a winter (November to January) soil application of urea (0.5 kg N/tree). Trees were maintained under irrigation or irrigation was withheld from 1 Oct. to 1 Mar. To determine the optimal time for foliar urea application, trees in both irrigation main plots received one application of low-biuret urea in mid-November, mid-December, mid-January, or mid-February applied at a rate of 0.16 kg N/tree. There was a set of control trees that only received the soil application of urea. Trees receiving foliar-applied urea in mid-January or mid-February, independent of irrigation treatment, had significantly greater yield and fruit number per tree each year than the control trees for 3 consecutive years. The number of fruit with diameters of 6.1 to 8.0 cm increased significantly as yield increased (r2 = 0.88). Withholding irrigation from 1 Oct. to 1 Mar. had a negative impact on yield. Annual winter application of low-biuret urea to the foliage did not significantly increase leaf total N at the end of 3 years.

scholarly journals FOLIAGE APPLIED SILICON AMELIORATES DROUGHT STRESS THROUGH PHYSIO-MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS, OSMOPROTECTANTS AND ANTIOXIDANT METABOLISM OF CAMELINA (Camelina sativa L.) GENOTYPES

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-57
Author(s):  
Zahoor Ahmad ◽  
Ejaz Ahmad Warraich ◽  
Muhammad Aamir Iqbal ◽  
Celaleddin Barutçular ◽  
Hesham Alharby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Water Relation ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Antioxidant Metabolism ◽  
The Impact

Silicon (Si) is one of the best plant defense elements against the biotic and abiotic stresses. Camelina plants accumulate Si which serves in protection against drought stress. The present study was conducted to investigate the impact of different doses of foliage applied Si (0, 3, 6 and 9 mM) under water stress (40% field capacity, FC) and non-stress conditions (100% FC) on camelina genotypes (Canadian and Australian). The imposed drought drastically decreased the growth parameters like root-shoot length and plant fresh and dry weight and also had negative impact on the chlorophyll content along with water relation attributes (water potential, osmotic potential and turgor pressure). In contrast, total free amino acids, total soluble proteins, proline and antioxidants such as ascorbic peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) were enhanced especially in water stressed Canadian genotype, while osmoprotectants (flavonoids, anthocyanins and glycinebetaine) and phenolics contents were decreased. On the other hand, the foliar application of Si was instrumental in enhancing the growth of camelina by increasing the chlorophyll contents and water relation of stressed and non-stressed plants. Similarly, the biochemical, osmoprotectants and antioxidant metabolism was also improved in camelina stressed plants through the application of foliar Si. In conclusion, foliar application of 6 mM Si at vegetative growth stage played a vital role in alleviating the drastic impact of water stress on camelina growth by improving the water status, chlorophyll content, accumulation of phenolics and osmoprotectants and activating antioxidants. Therefore, the foliar application of Si could be developed as an important biologically viable strategy for boosting the tolerance in camelina plants to water stress conditions.

scholarly journals Zinc and iron-mediated alleviation water deficiency of maize by modulating antioxidant metabolism

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 989-1004
Author(s):  
Mojtaba AFSHARI ◽  
Ahmad NADERI ◽  
Mani MOJADAM ◽  
Shahram LACK ◽  
Mojtaba ALAVIFAZEL
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Seed Growth ◽  
Maize Plants

Microelements are inorganic compounds involved in the synthesis of enzymes and biologically active substances. To evaluate the physiological responses of maize to ZnSO4 and FeSO4 under drought stress, a field experiment was conducted on maize plants grown under different soil moistures and treated with foliar ZnSO4 and FeSO4 applications. Drought stress especially at early seed growth stage significantly reduced grain yield and Fv/Fm ratio; however, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) was enhanced under drought stress. Foliar applied ZnSO4 and FeSO4 boosted the grain yield under non irrigation at vegetative growth stage and at early seed growth stage, respectively.  Between grain yield and MDA concentration (r=­ -0.73), superoxide dismutase (r= -0.57), peroxidase (r= -0.49), H2O2 (r= -0.67) and catalase enzyme (r= -0.42) significant and negative correlation were observed. Combined application of ZnSO4 and FeSO4 resulted in alleviation of maize plant drought stress by Zn and Fe-mediated improvement in photosynthetic attributes. In addition, the foliar application of ZnSO4 and FeSO4 regulated physiological processes in maize plants and alleviated the adverse effects of water stress. According to the results, ZnSO4 and FeSO4 could be used for improving maize growth under drought stress.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Enzymes and Physiological Responses of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) to Iron Application, under Water Deficit Condition

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-209
Author(s):  
Kayvan Fathi AMIRKHIZ ◽  
Majid Amini DEHAGHI ◽  
Siavash HESHMATI
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Soluble Proteins ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Soil Application

The effect of soil and foliar iron (Fe) application on the activity of some antioxidant enzymes and plant metabolites of Carthamus tinctorius L. (IL111), under water stress conditions was tested. The results showed that under drought stress conditions, the activity of ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, polyphenol oxidase and catalase enzymes increased with soil application of Fe. In contrast, the activity of peroxidase enzyme under drought conditions increased with foliar application of Fe treatments. In general, leaf total soluble proteins, proline and malondialdehyde amounts were affected by interaction effects of drought stress and Fe. The results showed that leaf total soluble proteins had a positive reaction to soil and foliar applications of Fe. The result of this interaction effects showed that soil application of Fe is able to decrease malondialdehyde amount under water stress conditions. In addition, it was indicated that soil application of Fe in drought stress conditions lead to increasing proline. In conclusion, soil and foliar application of Fe during drought stress may counteract negative effects of such stress and enhance safflower tolerance to drought by increasing some antioxidant enzymes and plant metabolites (organic compounds such as proline and soluble proteins).

scholarly journals Agrotechnical Biofortification as a Method to Increase Selenium Content in Spring Wheat

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 541
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Radawiec ◽  
Wiesław Szulc ◽  
Beata Rutkowska
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Sodium Selenate ◽  
Selenium Content ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Soil Fertilization ◽  
Soil Application

Selenium (Se) is a micronutrient that is insufficiently present in the human diet. Increasing its content in food through appropriately matched agricultural practices may contribute to reducing Se deficit in humans. The study covered the effect of grain, soil, as well as grain and soil fertilization with selenium combined with foliar application at different stages of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) development. The fertilization involved the application of sodium selenate. Fertilization with selenium had no significant effect on the grain yield. Grain application, soil application, and grain and soil application combined with foliar application at particular development stages of the plant significantly contributed to an increase in selenium content in grain. The study showed that the accumulation of selenium in spring wheat depends on the type of fertilization and term of its application. The best method of introducing selenium into the plant is grain and soil fertilization combined with foliar application at the stage of tillering and stem elongation (G + S+F1-2) for which the highest selenium content was obtained (0.696 mg·kg−1 Se). The applied biofortification methods contributed to the increase in selenium in the grain of spring wheat.

Response of Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum) and Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis) to Applications of Primisulfuron

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E. Hendrickson ◽  
Carol A. Mallory-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Bromus Tectorum ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Soil Application ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

Greenhouse and growth chamber experiments were conducted to evaluate primisulfuron phytotoxicity to downy brome (Bromus tectorum) and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) as a function of herbicide placement, adjuvants, and environmental conditions. Primisulfuron rates needed to produce GR50(50% growth reduction) values were 0.97 ± 0.57 and 8.07 ± 1.85 g/ha for downy brome and Kentucky bluegrass, respectively. Primisulfuron was applied to downy brome and Kentucky bluegrass at three placement sites: foliar, soil, and foliar plus soil. Foliar or foliar plus soil applications were more effective at reducing downy brome dry weights than the soil application of primisulfuron, whereas Kentucky bluegrass was injured more from the soil or foliar plus soil applications than from the foliar application of primisulfuron. Primisulfuron at 5 g/ha applied alone reduced downy brome dry weights by 5%, whereas when an adjuvant was added, dry weights were reduced by 52 to 83%. Primisulfuron was more phytotoxic to downy brome at alternating temperatures of 8 to 16 C and 16 to 24 C than at 0 to 8 C. Phytotoxicity of primisulfuron was less when downy brome plants were stressed for soil moisture after herbicide treatments than when the plants were not stressed or only stressed before treatment.

Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Poplar Plants to Drought Stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
ARADHNA KUMARI ◽  
IM KHAN ◽  
ANIL KUMAR SINGH ◽  
SANTOSH KUMAR SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Drought Event ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Biochemical Responses ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Poplar clone Kranti was selected to assess the morphological, physiological and biochemical responses under drought at different levels of water stress, as it is a common clone used to be grown in Uttarakhand for making paper and plywood. The cuttings of Populus deltoides L. (clone Kranti) were exposed to four different watering regimes (100, 75, 50 and 25% of the field capacity) and changes in physiological and biochemical parameters related with drought tolerance were recorded. Alterations in physiological (i.e. decrease in relative water content) and biochemical parameters (i.e. increase in proline and soluble sugar content and build-up of malondialdehyde by-products) occurred in all the three levels of water stress, although drought represented the major determinant. Drought treatments (75%, 50% and 25% FC) decreased plant height, radial stem diameter, harvest index, total biomass content and RWC in all the three watering regimes compared to control (100% FC). Biochemical parameters like proline, soluble sugar and MDA content increased with severity and duration of stress, which helped plants to survive under severe stress. It was analyzed that for better wood yield poplar seedlings should avail either optimum amount of water (amount nearly equal to field capacity of soil) or maximum withdrawal up to 75% of field capacity up to seedling establishment period (60 days). Furthermore, this study manifested that acclimation to drought stress is related with the rapidity, severity, and duration of the drought event of the poplar species.

scholarly journals Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Alleviate Chilling Stress in Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) by Regulating Antioxidative System and Chilling Response Transcription Factors

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2196
Author(s):  
Yue Song ◽  
Meng Jiang ◽  
Huali Zhang ◽  
Ruiqing Li
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Antioxidative System ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Chilling Response

As one of the common abiotic stresses, chilling stress has negative effects on rice growth and development. Minimization of these adverse effects through various ways is vital for the productivity of rice. Nanoparticles (NPs) serve as one of the effective alleviation methods against abiotic stresses. In our research, zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs were utilized as foliar sprays on rice leaves to explore the mechanism underlying the effect of NPs against the negative impact of chilling stress on rice seedlings. We revealed that foliar application of ZnO NPs significantly alleviated chilling stress in hydroponically grown rice seedlings, including improved plant height, root length, and dry biomass. Besides, ZnO NPs also restored chlorophyll accumulation and significantly ameliorated chilling-induced oxidative stress with reduced levels of H2O2, MDA, proline, and increased activities of major antioxidative enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD). We further found that foliar application of ZnO NPs induced the chilling-induced gene expression of the antioxidative system (OsCu/ZnSOD1, OsCu/ZnSOD2, OsCu/ZnSOD3, OsPRX11, OsPRX65, OsPRX89, OsCATA, and OsCATB) and chilling response transcription factors (OsbZIP52, OsMYB4, OsMYB30, OsNAC5, OsWRKY76, and OsWRKY94) in leaves of chilling-treated seedlings. Taken together, our results suggest that foliar application of ZnO NPs could alleviate chilling stress in rice via the mediation of the antioxidative system and chilling response transcription factors.

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