Detection of parasitic helminths in cattle from Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Aim: The objective of this research was to identify the parasite species found in the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas of Aceh cattle slaughtered in a Banda Aceh slaughterhouse using lactophenol and semichon carmine staining. Materials and Methods: Each sample out of 50 samples of gastrointestinal tract and pancreas from Aceh cattle slaughtered in a Banda Aceh slaughterhouse was separated by organ. Each organ was examined for the presence of worm. Then, the parasitic worms found were subsequently collected and separated based on class and species, followed by staining using lactophenol and semichon carmine. The worms were then identified and their prevalence was determined. Results: The results showed that three species of parasites were successfully identified, all belonging to the nematode class, namely, Oesophagostomum radiatum, Oesophagostomum columbianum, and Setaria labiatopapillosa with the prevalence of 12%, 10%, and 6%, respectively. In addition, there was one species of parasite from the trematode class, namely, Eurytrema pancreaticum with prevalence of 0.4%. Conclusion: The nematode class worms, such as O. radiatum, O. columbianum, and S. labiatopapillosa, can be stained by lactophenol, while the trematode class worm such as E. pancreaticum can be stained by semichon's carmine.

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The role of drugs in the control of parasitic nematode infections: must we do without?

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182097008986 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 114 (7) ◽

pp. 137-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

M. H. ROOS

Keyword(s):

Broad Spectrum ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Parasite Species ◽

Parasitic Nematode ◽

New Drugs ◽

Pharmaceutical Companies ◽

Parasitic Helminths ◽

Parasite Populations ◽

Drug Resistant Parasite

Parasitic helminths (worms) cause serious infectious diseases in humans and domestic animals. Control of these infections relies mostly on chemotherapeutics (the anthelmintics), but resistance has developed against most of these broad-spectrum drugs in many parasite species. These resistant parasites are being used to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of drug resistance and drug action. This has led to the development of sensitive assays to detect resistant parasites, but this has not delayed the emergence of additional drug resistant parasite populations. Therefore, as development of new drugs by pharmaceutical companies is slow, we may have to be prepared for a time when broad-spectrum drugs are no longer effective, especially against worms of sheep.

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Considering RNAi experimental design in parasitic helminths

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182011001946 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 139 (5) ◽

pp. 589-604 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

JOHNATHAN J. DALZELL ◽

NEIL D. WARNOCK ◽

PAUL MCVEIGH ◽

NIKKI J. MARKS ◽

ANGELA MOUSLEY ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rna Interference ◽

Experimental Design ◽

Gene Function ◽

Experimental Validation ◽

Parasite Species ◽

Model Organisms ◽

Helminth Parasites ◽

Parasitic Helminth ◽

Parasitic Helminths ◽

Parasite Biology

SUMMARYAlmost a decade has passed since the first report of RNA interference (RNAi) in a parasitic helminth. Whilst much progress has been made with RNAi informing gene function studies in disparate nematode and flatworm parasites, substantial and seemingly prohibitive difficulties have been encountered in some species, hindering progress. An appraisal of current practices, trends and ideals of RNAi experimental design in parasitic helminths is both timely and necessary for a number of reasons: firstly, the increasing availability of parasitic helminth genome/transcriptome resources means there is a growing need for gene function tools such as RNAi; secondly, fundamental differences and unique challenges exist for parasite species which do not apply to model organisms; thirdly, the inherent variation in experimental design, and reported difficulties with reproducibility undermine confidence. Ideally, RNAi studies of gene function should adopt standardised experimental design to aid reproducibility, interpretation and comparative analyses. Although the huge variations in parasite biology and experimental endpoints make RNAi experimental design standardization difficult or impractical, we must strive to validate RNAi experimentation in helminth parasites. To aid this process we identify multiple approaches to RNAi experimental validation and highlight those which we deem to be critical for gene function studies in helminth parasites.

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Pathophysiology and Gastrointestinal Impacts of Parasitic Helminths in Human Beings

10.47363/jpr/2020(2)122 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Firew Admasu Hailu ◽

◽

Geremew Tafesse ◽

Tsion Admasu Hailu ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽

Personal Hygiene ◽

Mammalian Host ◽

Human Beings ◽

Humid Climate ◽

Parasitic Helminths ◽

Intestinal Worms ◽

Parasitic Worms

This study mainly focus on the major pathologic manifestations of human gastrointestinal impacts of parasitic worms. Background: Helminthes and protozoan are human parasites that can infect gastrointestinal tract of humans beings and reside in intestinal wall. Protozoans are one celled microscopic, able to multiply in humans, contributes to their survival, permits serious infections, use one of the four main modes of transmission (direct, fecal-oral, vector-borne, and predator-prey) and also helminthes are necked multicellular organisms, referred as intestinal worms even though not all helminthes reside in intestines. However, in their adult form, helminthes cannot multiply in humans and able to survive in mammalian host for many years due to their ability to manipulate immune response. Objectives: The objective of this study is to assess the main pathophysiology and gastrointestinal impacts of parasitic worms in human being. Methods: Both primary and secondary data were collected using direct observation, books and articles, and also analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively following standard scientific methods. Results and conclusion: Parasites are organisms living temporarily in or on other organisms called host like human and other animals. Gastrointestinal parasitic helminthes have medical importance and live as endoparasites of human and other animals as host. Such pathogenic parasitic helminths are hookworms (Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus), pinworm (Enterobius vermicularis), roundworm [(Ascaris lumbricoides) and lymphatic filariasis (Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia timori)], whipworm (Trichuris trichiura), threadworm (Strongyloides stercoralis), heartworms (Dirofilaria immitis), and Guinea worm (Drancunculus medinensis). In addition, intestinal worms can transmit via fecal-oral route, direct contact with infected persons, zoonotic transmission, skin penetration, oral and anal sex, ingestion of contaminated food or water, etc and also factors that promote its transmission includes hot and humid climate, high population density, poor personal hygiene, presence of insects as vectors for carriers of parasites, limited economic resources and some social cultural habits. However, its prevention strategies include use of proper sewage disposal methods, consumption of clean and treated safe drinking water and food, proper hygiene, etc and the main treatment of antihelminthic medications include albendazole, metronidazole, diethylcarbamazine, etc as suggested by physician. Therefore, due to intestinal parasites can be easily transmit and cause great economic, health and social problems, and so prevention methods are greatly advisable.

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23. IDENTIFIKASI PARASIT PADA IKAN LELE DUMBO (Clarias gariepinus) DI DESA LAMBRO DEYAH KECAMATAN KUTA BARO KABUPATEN ACEH BESAR Identification of Parasites in Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in Lambro Deyah Kuta Baro Aceh Besar

Jurnal Medika Veterinaria ◽

10.21157/j.med.vet..v10i2.4390 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Adistya Putra Rizki ◽

Yudha Fahrimal ◽

Razali Daud ◽

T. Fadrial Karmil ◽

Muhammad Hambal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Veterinary Medicine ◽

Key Words ◽

Digestive Tract ◽

Outer Surface ◽

Parasite Species ◽

Clarias Gariepinus ◽

Smear Examination ◽

Inner Surface ◽

Banda Aceh

The study aimed at identifying the types of parasites that infect catfish as well as to determine the prevalence of the parasite species. A total of 30 catfish were collected using nets then examined at Parasitology Laboratory, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Syiah Kuala University Banda Aceh. Ectoparasites examination was carried out by directly observed the outer surface of fish body and by mucus smear examination microscopically. While endoparasites examination was done by observation on the inner surface of the digestive tract. The study revealed that five types of parasites infected catfish were Dactylogyrus (43.33%), Gyrodactylus (20%), Tricodina (3.33%), Camallanus sp (3.33%), and unidentified worm (3.33%). ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Key words: catfish, ectoparasite, endoparasite

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Parasitic helminths of the wild rabbit,Oryctolagus cuniculus, in different bioclimatic zones in Tenerife, Canary Islands

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1079/joh2003182 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 77 (4) ◽

pp. 305-309 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

P. Foronda ◽

A. Del Castillo ◽

N. Abreu ◽

E. Figueruelo ◽

J. Piñero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Canary Islands ◽

Parasite Species ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

Wide Distribution ◽

Wild Rabbit ◽

Intermediate Hosts ◽

Parasitic Helminths ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Tenerife Island ◽

The Mean

AbstractFaunistic and ecological analyses of the wild rabbit helminth fauna were undertaken in Tenerife island (Canary Islands). Rabbits were collected between 1998 and 2000 in seven bioclimatic zones in Tenerife selected by orientation and altitude. Five parasite species were identified, three cestodes (Taenia pisiformis(larvae),Andrya cuniculiandMosgovoyia ctenoides) and two nematodes (Trichostrongylus retortaeformisandPassalurus ambiguus).Taenia pisiformispresented an irregular distribution with significant differences in prevalences between the zones.Andrya cuniculiwas only found in two zones and there were no significant differences in prevalence values.Mosgovoyia ctenoidespresented a wide distribution with significant prevalences, which were higher in northern compared to southern zones.Trichostrongylus retortaeformiswas absent in the low southern zones of the island.Passalurus ambiguuswas found in all zones with no significant difference in the prevalence of infection. The differences in prevalences are likely to be explained by abiotic factors in the case ofT. retortaeformis, and by the absence of definitive and intermediate hosts in the case ofT. pisiformisandA. cuniculi, respectively. All parasite species in Tenerife are common helminths in the Iberian Peninsula, from which their rabbit hosts originated. No significant differences were recorded in the mean intensities of infection of any of the parasite species identified.

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Distribution of Parasitic Helminths in the Small Intestine of the Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes)

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens9060477 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 477

Author(s):

Jacek Karamon ◽

Jacek Sroka ◽

Joanna Dąbrowska ◽

Ewa Bilska-Zając ◽

Katarzyna Skrzypek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Parasite Species ◽

Red Fox ◽

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

Intestinal Helminths ◽

Red Foxes ◽

Parasitic Helminths ◽

Alaria Alata ◽

Different Types

The aim of the study was to analyze the distribution of the main groups of parasitic helminths within the small intestine of the red fox on the example of animals coming from eastern Poland. Two hundred and sixteen red foxes shot in eastern Poland were used in the investigation. Before examination, each small intestine was divided into three equal parts: anterior (A), middle (M), and posterior (P). Each part was examined separately with the sedimentation and counting technique. Six different types of intestinal parasites were detected: Alaria alata (78.7%), Mesocestoides spp. (78.2%), hookworms (72.7%), Taenia spp. (53.2%), Toxocara/Toxascaris (43.1%), and Echinococcus multilocularis (18.5%). Alaria alata was most often found in A and in the only-A variant. Taenia spp. and Toxocara/Toxascaris occurred often in A and were the second (after A. alata) parasites in terms of frequency occurring in the only-A variant. Mesocestoides spp. was most commonly located in M. Parasites with predilection sites located mainly in M and P were E. multilocularis and hookworms. In all parasite species, the variant covering the entire intestine (A + M + P) was found in samples with a higher intensity compared to variants limited to one or two fragments. Our investigation, as one of the few of its type, conducted a comprehensive analysis of the distribution of intestinal helminths in the small intestine of the red fox. It showed significant differences in the distribution of parasitic helminths in the small intestine of the red fox. Determining typical predilection sites for parasites in the intestine can be helpful in creating effective diagnostic methods.

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Revision of Parasitic Helminths Reported in Freshwater Fish From Turkey with New Records

Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research ◽

10.1515/trser-2015-0001 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 1-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ahmet Öktener

Keyword(s):

Species Diversity ◽

Freshwater Fish ◽

Fish Species ◽

Host Species ◽

Parasite Species ◽

New Records ◽

Species Level ◽

Helminth Parasites ◽

Introduced Fish ◽

Parasitic Helminths

AbstractThis new checklist is an update of helminths of freshwater fish from Turkey. The last publication of a checklist of helminth parasites of freshwater fish in Turkey was over 11 years ago (Öktener, 2003), and there have been a number of new records. This update includes additional records and allows for the correction of errors and omissions that were present in the preceding version. The revision literature indicated the occurrence of 123 parasite species which included 60 monogeneans, 20 digeneans, 20 cestodes, 11 nematodes, seven acanthocephalans, five annelids from 71 different wild fish (64 native, four transitional, three introduced fish) species from freshwater in Turkey. Parasites not identified to species level are listed separately, and not included in the resulting comments, because of reporting different host species. Cyprinidae, with 50 species, is the dominant family among the examined fish with regard to species diversity

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Fasciola Hepatica and other Helminths in Goats in Puerto Rico

The Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico ◽

10.46429/jaupr.v67i4.7745 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 67 (4) ◽

pp. 501-506

Author(s):

P. Bendezú ◽

A. D. Frame ◽

R. Muñoz ◽

J. Cabezas ◽

J. Hurd ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Puerto Rico ◽

Stool Sample ◽

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Parasite Species ◽

Fasciola Hepatica ◽

The Other ◽

Fecal Examination ◽

Helminth Eggs ◽

Oesophagostomum Columbianum ◽

Concurrent Infections

Fecal examination of 769 goats taken in 1981 from 48 farms in 30 municipalities located throughout Puerto Rico, showed 10 helminths to be common in these goats. The study showed 1.43 percent of these to be positive with Fasciola hepatica eggs. The other helminth eggs found and percent rates of infection were as follows: Oesophagostomum columbianum 65.67, Haemonchus contortus 56.31, Bunostomum trigonocephalum 46.94, Chabertia ovina 24.57, Trichostrongylus capricola 15.60, Ostertagia circumcincta 14.43, Trichuris ovis 10.14, Moniezia expansa 6.39, and Cooperia curticei with 2.21 percent. The intensity ranged from 5 eggs per gram of stool sample as in the case of F. hepatica to 1,500 eggs per gram in T. capricola samples. Moreover, 68.7% of the goats sampled showed concurrent infections of two to eight different parasite species per goat.

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The microbiota and helminths: sharing the same niche in the human host

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182014000699 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 141 (10) ◽

pp. 1255-1271 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

LAURA GLENDINNING ◽

NORMAN NAUSCH ◽

ANDREW FREE ◽

DAVID W. TAYLOR ◽

FRANCISCA MUTAPI

Keyword(s):

Current Knowledge ◽

Health It ◽

Parasitic Helminths ◽

Helminth Infections ◽

Gastrointestinal Bacteria ◽

Host Nutrition ◽

Nutritional Compounds ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Parasitic Worms ◽

Improve Health

SUMMARYHuman gastrointestinal bacteria often share their environment with parasitic worms, allowing physical and physiological interaction between the two groups. Such associations have the potential to affect host health as well as the bacterial and helminth populations. Although still in its early stages, research on the interaction between the microbiome and parasitic helminths in humans offers the potential to improve health by manipulating the microbiome. Previously, supplementation with various nutritional compounds has been found to increase the abundance of potentially beneficial gut commensal bacteria. Thus, nutritional microbiome manipulation to produce an environment which may decrease malnutrition associated with helminth infection and/or aid host recovery from disease is conceivable. This review discusses the influence of the gut microbiota and helminths on host nutrition and immunity and the subsequent effects on the human host's overall health. It also discusses changes occurring in the microbiota upon helminth infections and the underlying mechanisms leading to these changes. There are still significant knowledge gaps which need to be filled before meaningful progress can be made in translating knowledge from studying the human gut microbiome into therapeutic strategies. Ultimately this review aims to discuss our current knowledge as well as highlight areas requiring further investigation.

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Spirocerca lupi Proteomics and Its Role in Cancer Development: An Overview of Spirocercosis-Induced Sarcomas and Revision of Helminth-Induced Carcinomas

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10020124 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 124

Author(s):

Catalina Porras-Silesky ◽

María José Mejías-Alpízar ◽

Javier Mora ◽

Gad Baneth ◽

Alicia Rojas

Keyword(s):

Clonorchis Sinensis ◽

Taenia Solium ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Protein Composition ◽

Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽

Spirocerca Lupi ◽

Trichuris Muris ◽

Parasitic Helminths ◽

Secretory Products ◽

Parasitic Worms

Spirocerca lupi is a parasitic nematode of canids that induces a myriad of clinical manifestations in its host and, in 25% of infections, leads to the formation of sarcomas. The description of the protein composition of the excretory and secretory products (Sl-ESP) of S. lupi has shed light on its possible interactions with the host environment, including migration within the host and mechanisms of immunomodulation. Despite this, the process by which S. lupi induces cancer in the dog remains poorly understood, and some hypotheses have arisen regarding these possible mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the role of specific ESP from the carcinogenic helminths Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis viverrini and Schistosoma haematobium in inducing chronic inflammation and cancer in their host’s tissues. The parasitic worms Taenia solium, Echinococcus granulosus, Heterakis gallinarum, Trichuris muris and Strongyloides stercoralis, which have less-characterized mechanisms of cancer induction, are also analyzed. Based on the pathological findings in spirocercosis and the mechanisms by which other parasitic helminths induce cancer, we propose that the sustained inflammatory response in the dog´s tissues produced in response to the release of Sl-ESP homologous to those of other carcinogenic worms may lead to the malignant process in infected dogs.

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