Anthelmintic effect of Indigofera tinctoria L on Haemonchus contortus obtained from sheep in Indonesia

Background and Aim: Hemonchosis has resulted in huge economic losses for sheep farmers worldwide. Secondary metabolite compounds from Indigofera tinctoria L. can be used as anthelmintics. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo effects of I. tinctoria L. aqueous extract (IAE) as an anthelmintic against adult Haemonchus contortus isolated from sheep. Materials and Methods: Ten active adult worms were placed in each Petri dish containing 25 mL of IAE, each having a different concentration of IAE (at concentrations 100, 120, 140, 160, 180, 200, and 220 mg/mL). Each experiment was repeated. The positive control used 1% albendazole, and the negative control used 0.62% saline water. The number of immobile worms and the time of mortality were recorded after 2, 4, 6, and 8 h. The dead worms were subsequently tested using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In the in vivo study, 15 sheep with an average fecal egg count (FEC) of 1000 eggs per gram were treated with IAE for 9 days: Group A (negative control, saline water 0.62%), Group B (21 mg/mL), Group C (41 mg/mL), Group D (62 mg/mL), and Group E (positive control, albendazole 100 mg/mL). Measurements of the body weight, FEC reduction test, and hematology testing were performed on days 0, 7, and 14. SEM was performed using worms found from the abomasum of slaughtered sheep. Results: The leaves of I. tinctoria L. contained a number of secondary metabolites, including total tannins, saponins, flavonoids, and alkaloids. The most effective concentration that killed the adult H. contortus worms was 220 mg/mL (93.33% mortality) after 8 h of treatment. The electrophoresis results showed that the protein band at a dose of 22% was less than that of the control. The highest FECR value of the treatment group on the 14th day after treatment was at a dose of 62 mg/mL. The highest weight gain as well as the highest increased hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), and total erythrocyte count (TEC) values on the 14th day after treatment were at a dose of 41 mg/mL. The SEM results showed that IAE treatment caused the worms' anterior parts to become wrinkled with thick creases and cuticle abrasion (in vitro) and the anterior part to shrink along with the presence of aggregates in the worm cuticle (in vivo). Conclusion: The aqueous extract of I. tinctoria contains tannins, saponins, flavonoids, and alkaloids and has an anthelmintic effect with decreased FEC, increased weight gain, Hb, PCV, and TEC, causing damage to the worms' body and reducing the protein profile of adult H. contortus worms.

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Mutagenicity evaluation of Anastatica hierochuntica L. aqueous extract in vitro and in vivo

Experimental Biology and Medicine ◽

10.1177/1535370217748574 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 243 (4) ◽

pp. 375-385 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Siti Rosmani Md Zin ◽

Zahurin Mohamed ◽

Mohammed A Alshawsh ◽

Won F Wong ◽

Normadiah M Kassim

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Extract ◽

Positive Control ◽

In Vitro Assay ◽

In Vivo Study ◽

Sufficient Evidence ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Mutagenic Potential ◽

Vitro Assay

Anastatica hierochuntica L. ( A. hierochuntica), a folk medicinal plant, was evaluated for mutagenic potential via in vitro and in vivo assays. The in vitro assay was conducted according to modified Ames test, while the in vivo study was performed according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development guideline for mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus assay. Four groups ( n= 5 males and 5 females per group) Sprague Dawley rats were randomly chosen as the negative control, positive control (received a single intramuscular injection of cyclophosphamide 50 mg/kg), 1000 and, 2000 mg/kg A. hierochuntica aqueous extracts. All groups except the positive control were treated orally for three days. Findings of the in vitro assay showed mutagenic potential of AHAE at 0.04 and 0.2 mg/ml. However, no mutagenic effect was demonstrated in the in vivo study up to 2000 mg/kg. No significant reduction in the polychromatic and normochromatic erythrocytes ratio was noted in any of the groups. Meanwhile, high micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes frequency was seen in cyclophosphamide-treated group only. These findings could perhaps be due to insufficient dosage of A. hierochuntica aqueous extracts to cause genetic damage on the bone marrow target cells. Further acute and chronic in vivo toxicity studies may be required to draw pertinent conclusion on the safety aspect of A. hierochuntica aqueous extracts consumption. Impact statement In this paper, we report on the mutagenicity evaluation of Anastatica hierochuntica aqueous extract. This is a significant research in view of the popularity of this herb consumption by the people across the globe despite of limited scientific evidence on its toxicity potential. This study is intended to encourage more extensive related research in order to provide sufficient evidence and guidance for determining its safe dosage.

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In vitro nematicidal effect of Chenopodium ambrosioides and Castela tortuosa n-hexane extracts against Haemonchus contortus (Nematoda) and their anthelmintic effect in gerbils

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x18000433 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 93 (04) ◽

pp. 434-439 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A. Zamilpa ◽

C. García-Alanís ◽

M.E. López-Arellano ◽

V.M. Hernández-Velázquez ◽

M.G. Valladares-Cisneros ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Adult Stage ◽

Chenopodium Ambrosioides ◽

Anthelmintic Efficacy ◽

Hexane Extracts ◽

Parasitic Burden ◽

The Individual ◽

Anthelmintic Effect

AbstractThe in vitro nematicidal effect of Chenopodium ambrosioides and Castela tortuosa n-hexane extracts (E-Cham and E-Cato, respectively) on Haemonchus contortus infective larvae (L3) and the anthelmintic effect of these extracts against the pre-adult stage of the parasite in gerbils were evaluated using both individual and combined extracts. The in vitro confrontation between larvae and extracts was performed in 24-well micro-titration plates. The results were considered 24 and 72 h post confrontation. The in vivo nematicidal effect was examined using gerbils as a study model. The extracts from the two assessed plants were obtained through maceration using n-hexane as an organic agent. Gerbils artificially infected with H. contortus L3 were treated intraperitoneally with the corresponding extract either individually or in combination. The results showed that the highest individual lethal in vitro effect (96.3%) was obtained with the E-Cham extract at 72 h post confrontation at 40 mg/ml, followed by E-Cato (78.9%) at 20 mg/ml after 72 h. The highest combined effect (98.7%) was obtained after 72 h at 40 mg/ml. The in vivo assay showed that the individual administration of the E-Cato and E-Cham extracts reduced the parasitic burden in gerbils by 27.1% and 45.8%, respectively. Furthermore, the anthelmintic efficacy increased to 57.3% when both extracts were administered in combination. The results of the present study show an important combined nematicidal effect of the two plant extracts assessed against L3 in gerbils.

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Cleaved CD31 as a target for in vivo molecular imaging of inflammation

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-56163-x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jonathan Vigne ◽

Sylvie Bay ◽

Rachida Aid-Launais ◽

Guillaume Pariscoat ◽

Guillaume Rucher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Imaging ◽

Molecular Form ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Stability Study ◽

Biodistribution Studies ◽

Wide Range ◽

Significant Difference

AbstractThere is a need for new targets to specifically localize inflammatory foci, usable in a wide range of organs. Here, we hypothesized that the cleaved molecular form of CD31 is a suitable target for molecular imaging of inflammation. We evaluated a bioconjugate of D-P8RI, a synthetic peptide that binds all cells with cleaved CD31, in an experimental rat model of sterile acute inflammation. Male Wistar rats were injected with turpentine oil into the gastrocnemius muscle two days before 99mTc-HYNIC-D-P8RI (or its analogue with L-Proline) SPECT/CT or [18F]FDG PET/MRI. Biodistribution, stability study, histology, imaging and autoradiography of 99mTc-HYNIC-D-P8RI were further performed. Biodistribution studies revealed rapid elimination of 99mTc-HYNIC-D-P8RI through renal excretion with almost no uptake from most organs and excellent in vitro and in vivo stability were observed. SPECT/CT imaging showed a significant higher 99mTc-HYNIC-D-P8RI uptake compared with its analogue with L-Proline (negative control) and no significant difference compared with [18F]FDG (positive control). Moreover, autoradiography and histology revealed a co-localization between 99mTc-HYNIC-D-P8RI uptake and inflammatory cell infiltration. 99mTc-HYNIC-D-P8RI constitutes a new tool for the detection and localization of inflammatory sites. Our work suggests that targeting cleaved CD31 is an attractive strategy for the specific in vivo imaging of inflammatory processes.

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Brazilian Red Propolis Is as Effective as Amoxicillin in Controlling Red-Complex of Multispecies Subgingival Mature Biofilm In Vitro

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics9080432 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 432

Author(s):

Kadmo Azevedo de Figueiredo ◽

Helio Doyle Pereira da Silva ◽

Stela Lima Farias Miranda ◽

Francisco Jerfeson dos Santos Gonçalves ◽

Arlene Pereira de Sousa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Activity ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Complex Species ◽

Hybridization Data ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Actinomyces Species

This study investigated the effects of Brazilian Red Propolis (BRP) extract on seven-day-old multispecies subgingival biofilms. Mixed biofilm cultures containing 31 species associated with periodontal health or disease were grown for six days on a Calgary device. Then, mature biofilms were treated for 24 h with BRP extract at different concentrations (200–1600 µg/mL), amoxicillin (AMOXI) at 54 µg/mL (positive control) or vehicle (negative control). Biofilm metabolic activity was determined by colorimetry, and bacterial counts/proportions were determined by DNA–DNA hybridization. Data were analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn’s tests. Treatment with BRP at 1600, 800 and 400 μg/mL reduced biofilm metabolic activity by 56%, 56% and 57%, respectively, as compared to 65% reduction obtained with AMOXI. Mean total cell counts were significantly reduced in all test groups (~50–55%). Lower proportions of red, green and yellow complex species were observed upon treatment with BRP (400 µg/mL) and AMOXI, but only AMOXI reduced the proportions of Actinomyces species. In conclusion, BRP extract was as effective as AMOXI in killing seven-day-old multispecies biofilm pathogens and did not affect the levels of the host-compatible Actinomyces species. These data suggest that BRP may be an alternative to AMOXI as an adjunct in periodontal therapy. In vivo studies are needed to validate these results.

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In vivo activities of ceftriaxone and vancomycin against Borrelia spp. in the mouse brain and other sites.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.40.11.2632 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 40 (11) ◽

pp. 2632-2636 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

R J Kazragis ◽

L L Dever ◽

J H Jorgensen ◽

A G Barbour

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Lyme Disease ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Scid Mice ◽

Immunodeficient Mice ◽

Infected Adult ◽

The Brain

Borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of Lyme disease, and B. turicatae, a neurotropic agent of relapsing fever, are susceptible to vancomycin in vitro, with an MIC of 0.5 microgram/ml. To determine the activity of vancomycin in vivo, particularly in the brain, we infected adult immunocompetent BALB/c and immunodeficient CB-17 scid mice with B. burgdorferi or B. turicatae. The mice were then treated with vancomycin, ceftriaxone as a positive control, or normal saline as a negative control. The effectiveness of treatment was assessed by cultures of blood and brain and other tissues. Ceftriaxone at a dose of 25 mg/kg of body weight administered every 12 h for 7 to 10 days eliminated cultivable B. burgdorferi or B. turicatae from all BALB/c or scid mice in the study. Vancomycin at 30 mg/kg administered every 12 h was effective in eliminating infection from immunodeficient mice if treatment was started within 3 days of the onset of infection. If treatment with vancomycin was delayed for 7 days or more, vancomycin failed to eradicate infection with B. burgdorferi or B. turicatae from immunodeficient mice. The failure of vancomycin in eradicating established infections in immunodeficient mice was associated with the persistence of viable spirochetes in the brain during antibiotic treatment.

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Combination of garlic - shatterstone herb powder to control Streptococcus agalactiae infection in tilapia

Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia ◽

10.19027/jai.14.79-89 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 79

Author(s):

Ririn Nurul Fauziah ◽

Dinamella Wahjuningrum ◽

, Sukenda ◽

, Ranta

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽

Allium Sativum ◽

Positive Control ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Negative Control ◽

Fish Pathogen ◽

Phyllanthus Niruri

ABSTRACT This study was aimed at determining potential of combination powder of garlic Allium sativum-shatterstone herb Phyllanthus niruri supplemented in feed against S. agalactiae infection in tilapia. Four concentrations of combination powder of A. sativum-P. Niruri; 20+5, 20+10, 20+15 and 20+20 ppt respectively were investigated for their ability to inhibit bacterial fish pathogen. Combination dose of 20+15 ppt produced the highest inhibitory zones in in vitro test. In vivo test consisted of three treatments with three replications, namely positive control (K+), negative control (K-) and the treatment of A. sativum-P. niruri suplemented in feed (BM). The test perfomed on tilapia with weight of 10.33 ± 1.63 g and were reared at density of 10 ind/aquarium. The fish was fed for 14 days, then injected intraperitoneally with 0.1 mL S. agalactiae at concentration of 105 cfu/mL for positive control and BM groups. Survival, growth rate, feed response, hematological and water quality parameters were observed for 10 days. This study showed that the suplemented-feed-fish (BM) showed better growth rate, feed response, and survival (83.3%) than positive control (36.7%) at P<0.05. In addition, A. sativum-P. niruri suplemented in feed was also able to enhance the immune response by increasing phagocytic activity. Keywords: Streptococcus agalactiae, phytopharmacy, Allium sativum-Phyllanthus niruri, tilapia ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis potensi campuran tepung bawang putih Allium sativum-meniran Phyllanthus niruri dalam pakan terhadap pencegahan infeksi bakteri S. agalactiae pada ikan nila. Empat konsentrasi campuran tepung bawang putih-meniran yaitu 20+5 ppt, 20+10 ppt, 20+15 ppt dan 20+20 ppt masing-masing diuji kemampuannya dalam menghambat bakteri patogen pada ikan. Campuran dosis 20+15 ppt menghasilkan zona hambat terbaik dalam uji in vitro. Uji in vivo terdiri atas tiga perlakuan dengan tiga ulangan yaitu kontrol positif, kontrol negatif, dan perlakuan pakan yang mengandung bawang putih-meniran (BM). Uji ini dilakukan pada ikan nila berbobot 10,33±1,63 g yang dipelihara di akuarium dengan kepadatan 10 ekor/akuarium. Ikan diberi pakan perlakuan selama 14 hari kemudian diinjeksi secara intraperitoneal dengan bakteri S. agalactiae sebanyak 0,1 mL dengan kepadatan 105 cfu/mL pada perlakuan kontrol positif dan perlakuan BM. Parameter kelangsungan hidup, laju pertumbuhan, respons pakan, parameter hematologi, dan kualitas air diamati selama sepuluh hari. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian BM dalam pakan memberikan laju pertumbuhan, respons pakan, dan sintasan (83,3%) yang lebih baik daripada kontrol positif (36,7%) pada P<0,05. Pakan yang mengandung campuran bawang putih-meniran ini juga mampu meningkatkan respons imun dengan adanya peningkatan aktivitas fagositosis. Kata kunci: Streptococcus agalactiae, fitofarmaka, Allium sativum-Phyllanthus niruri, ikan nila

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Effect of in vitro aqueous extract of fresh cassava leaves (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) on the larvae of Haemonchus contortus as intestinal parasite of sheep

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1025015/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ana Flávia Lopes Medeiros ◽

Marney Pascoli Cereda Cereda ◽

Gabriel Furrer Matos Braz

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Water Extract ◽

Live Weight ◽

Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽

Cassava Leaves ◽

Cassava Plant

Abstract Animals feeding with cassava is frequent. In the case of sheep, the producer relates consumption to a reduction in the parasite load. The literature has proven the effect of phenolic compounds as an anthelmintic in vivo, but no evidence for cyanogenic compounds, also present in all parts of the cassava plant, was found. A controlled in vitro bioassay was used to evaluate the aqueous extract of fresh cassava leaves. The efficiency parameter was the imobility of Haemonchus contortus larvae at stage L3, also used to evaluate commercial anthelmintics. Culture plates with 100 active L3 larvae per well were used, constituted a replicate of a total of three. It was placed in these wells, water extract of fresh cassava leaves (FCL) macerated in water, Ivomec® 0.01% (PCI) as positive control and distilled water as negative one (NCW). By considering the immobility of the larvae as a positive anthelmintic effect, the results showed that in NCW all larvae were mobile, while in PCI all 300 larvae were immobile. FCL produced a gradient of larval inactivation correlation (r2 0.996). The best fit equation was y = -33.39ln(x) + 40.517, a logarithmic one, which allowed to calculate the Lethal Concentration (CL) of 3. 44µg.CN-.ml, or 80.0 mg of fresh cassava leaves per milliliter, with performance equivalent to ivermectin. This concentration of free cyanide is compatible with safe consumption of fresh leaves by live weight of sheep. The exact amount of cassava roots, leaves or shoots consumed to provide an effective dose for controlling Haemonchus contort should be established in vivo. Although phenolic compounds must also be present in the extract, immobility was attributed to cyanogenic compounds since the correlation was proportional to the increase in cyanide concentration. It can be concluded that the consumption of fresh cassava leaves has potential as an anthelmintic agent to be evaluated in vivo by feeding sheep and goats. Local use could also add value to the production of fresh cassava leaves, with an average potential production of 2.5 t/ha, available throughout the year, with greater production at the beginning of cultivation and in the summer months. These leaves could be used after the roots harvesting or even in pruning for this purpose. Currently, this volume of good quality protein material is in the field, unused.

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Effectiveness Comparison Between Young Leaf Extracts Acacia nilotica with Desmanthus virgatus Against Vermicidal Potency of Haemonchus contortus In-vitro

Jurnal Sain Veteriner ◽

10.22146/jsv.60809 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 168

Author(s):

I Gusti Komang Oka Wirawan ◽

Aholiab Aoetpah ◽

Jois Moriani Jacob

Keyword(s):

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Immersion Time ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Acacia Nilotica ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Tropical Countries ◽

Young Leaves ◽

Mortality Percentage

Acacia nillotica and Desmanthus virgatus are two entopharmacologycal plants that thrives throughout the season in East Nusa Tenggara Province, other Provinces in Indonesia or tropical countries. Extraction of young leaves of Acacia nillotica (EDMAN) and Desmanthus virgatus (EDMDV) contains tannin compound. By pharmacodynamic viewpoint, this extraction has potency as an anthelmintic. Objective: to compare the in-vitro effectivity of young leaves extraction of the two plants as a vermicidal power to combat Haemonchus contortus. Materials: young leaves of Acacia nillotica and Desmanthus virgatus and Haemonchus contortus. Method: The study was grouped into four treatments: EDMAN, EDMDV, Positive control (Albendazole 0,055%) and negative control (aquades). The concentration of the young leaves extracts are 2.5%, 3.5%, 4.5% out of 0.01 g/mL of extraction. Each treatment was applied to 6 female Haemonchus contortus with four replicates allowing immersion time for 1, 3, 5 or 7 hours. Variable measured and tested was mortality of the H. contortus. The vermicidal effectively was descriptively analysed. The results showed that mortality percentage (vermicidal) treatment of 2.5%, 3.5%, 4.5% EDMAN for 7-hour immersion was 16.7%, 45.8%, 12.5%, respectively. That values for EDMDV for similar concentrations and immersion time was 50%, 33.3%, 12.5%, respectively. Conclusion: EDMDV has a more effective vermicidal power between the two etnopharmacological treatments at 2.5% concentration.

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In vitro effect of aqueous extract of fresh cassava leaves (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) on the larvae of Haemonchus contortus as an intestinal parasite of sheep.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1025015/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ana Flávia Lopes Medeiros ◽

Marney Pascoli Cereda Cereda ◽

Gabriel Furrer Matos Braz

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Live Weight ◽

Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽

Cassava Leaves ◽

Cassava Plant ◽

Vitro Effect

Abstract Cassava is frequently fed to animals. In the case of sheep, the producer relates consumption to a reduction in the parasite load. The literature has proven the effect of phenolic compounds as an anthelmintic in vivo, but no evidence for cyanogenic compounds, also present in all parts of the cassava plant, was found. A controlled in vitro bioassay was used to evaluate the aqueous extract of fresh cassava leaves. The efficiency parameter was the immobility of Haemonchus contortus larvae at the L3 stage, also used to evaluate commercial anthelmintics. Cell culture plates with 100 active L3-stage larvae per well were used, being each replicate constituted by three wells. Aqueous extract of fresh cassava leaves (FCL), Ivomec® 0.01% (PCI) as the positive control, and distilled water as negative control (NCW), were placed in the culture plate wells. Considering the immobility of the larvae as a positive anthelmintic effect, the results showed that in NCW treatments all larvae were mobile, while in PCI all 300 larvae were immobile. FCL produced a gradient of larval inactivation correlation (R2 0.996). The best-fit equation was y = -33.39ln(x) + 40.517, a logarithmic equation, which allowed the calculation of the Lethal Concentration (CL) of 3.44 µg CN- ml, or 80.0 mg of fresh cassava leaves per milliliter of water, with a performance equivalent to ivermectin. This concentration of free cyanide is compatible with the safe consumption of fresh leaves by live weight of sheep. The exact amount of cassava roots, leaves, or shoots, consumed to provide an effective dose for controlling H. contort should be established in vivo. Although phenolic compounds must also be present in the extract, the immobility was attributed to cyanogenic compounds since the correlation was proportional to the increase in the cyanide concentration. It can be concluded that the consumption of fresh cassava leaves has the potential as an anthelmintic agent to be evaluated in vivo by feeding sheep and goats. Local use could also add value to the production of fresh cassava leaves, with an average potential production of 2.5 tonnes ha-1, available throughout the year, with greater production at the beginning of cultivation and in the summer months. These leaves could be used after the roots harvesting or even after pruning for this purpose. Currently, this amount of good quality protein material remains without use in the field.

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The Ethanol Extract of Avocado (Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae)) Seeds Successfully Induces Implant Regression and Restores Ovarian Dynamic in a Rat Model of Endometriosis

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2020/8521831 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Stéphane Minko Essono ◽

Marie Alfrede Mvondo ◽

Esther Ngadjui ◽

François Xavier Kemka Nguimatio ◽

Pierre Watcho

Keyword(s):

Ethanol Extract ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Persea Americana ◽

Corpora Lutea ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Female Wistar Rats

Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent disease with conventional therapies which do not have desirable effectiveness and possess many side effects. Scientific evidences suggest that medicinal plants with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and/or antiproliferative properties are potential alternatives for the treatment of endometriosis. The ethanol extract of Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) seeds was found exhibiting antiproliferative properties in vitro and in vivo. This study therefore is aimed at investigating the effects of such an extract on an experimental model of endometriosis. Endometriosis was induced by grafting uterine fragments onto the peritoneum of female Wistar rats. After checking the success of the transplantation surgery, animals with endometriosis were orally treated with the ethanol extract of P. americana seeds at the doses of 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg. The positive control was treated with letrozole (10 mg/kg) while the negative control received the vehicle. Treatments lasted 7 days and animals were sacrificed thereafter. Endometrial implant volume was determined. Estradiol and progesterone levels were measured in serum samples and endometriosis lesions. The oxidative status of endometriosis lesions was evaluated. Histological analysis of endometriosis lesions, uterus, and ovaries was also performed. Results showed that the ethanol extract of P. americana seeds decreased endometrial implant volume (p<0.001) and serum levels of estradiol and progesterone (p<0.01). The levels of estradiol also decreased in endometriosis lesions at doses of 12.5 and 50 mg/kg (p<0.001). Both malondialdehyde and glutathione levels increased in endometriosis lesions (p<0.001). The ectopic endometrium height decreased and the number of antral follicles and corpora lutea (p<0.05) increased while that of luteinized unruptured follicles decreased (p<0.001). In conclusion, the ethanol extract of P. americana seeds displayed an antiendometriosis effect suggesting that it could be a potential alternative for the treatment of endometriosis.

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