The Ethanol Extract of Avocado (Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae)) Seeds Successfully Induces Implant Regression and Restores Ovarian Dynamic in a Rat Model of Endometriosis

Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent disease with conventional therapies which do not have desirable effectiveness and possess many side effects. Scientific evidences suggest that medicinal plants with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and/or antiproliferative properties are potential alternatives for the treatment of endometriosis. The ethanol extract of Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) seeds was found exhibiting antiproliferative properties in vitro and in vivo. This study therefore is aimed at investigating the effects of such an extract on an experimental model of endometriosis. Endometriosis was induced by grafting uterine fragments onto the peritoneum of female Wistar rats. After checking the success of the transplantation surgery, animals with endometriosis were orally treated with the ethanol extract of P. americana seeds at the doses of 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg. The positive control was treated with letrozole (10 mg/kg) while the negative control received the vehicle. Treatments lasted 7 days and animals were sacrificed thereafter. Endometrial implant volume was determined. Estradiol and progesterone levels were measured in serum samples and endometriosis lesions. The oxidative status of endometriosis lesions was evaluated. Histological analysis of endometriosis lesions, uterus, and ovaries was also performed. Results showed that the ethanol extract of P. americana seeds decreased endometrial implant volume (p<0.001) and serum levels of estradiol and progesterone (p<0.01). The levels of estradiol also decreased in endometriosis lesions at doses of 12.5 and 50 mg/kg (p<0.001). Both malondialdehyde and glutathione levels increased in endometriosis lesions (p<0.001). The ectopic endometrium height decreased and the number of antral follicles and corpora lutea (p<0.05) increased while that of luteinized unruptured follicles decreased (p<0.001). In conclusion, the ethanol extract of P. americana seeds displayed an antiendometriosis effect suggesting that it could be a potential alternative for the treatment of endometriosis.

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Toxicity and Anti-inflammatory Activities of an Extract of the Eleutherine bulbosa Rhizome on Collagen Antibody-induced Arthritis in a Mouse Model

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1801300725 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 1934578X1801300

Author(s):

Pham Thi Bich Hanh ◽

Do Thi Thao ◽

Nguyen Thi Nga ◽

Ngo Thi Phuong ◽

Le Ngoc Hung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mouse Model ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Negative Control ◽

High Dose ◽

Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Anti Inflammatory

As a continuation of our interest in the anti-inflammatory activities of Vietnamese plants, we searched for novel anti-inflammatory agents in Eleutherine bulbosa and evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of an ethanol extract of the rhizome of E. bulbosa (EBE) on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages in vitro and in a collagen antibody-induced arthritic (CAIA) mouse model in vivo. Treatment of the CAIA mice with EBE decreased the incidence of arthritis, especially at a dose of 1000 mg/kg body weight. A significant ( P<0.05) decrease in the arthritis score was seen after high-dose EBE treatment between days 10 and 14 in comparison with the negative control. The serum levels of the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 in the mice were measured using commercial ELISA kits. The results suggest that an ethanol extract of the E. bulbosa rhizome has beneficial effects on inflammatory cytokine regulation in an experimental CAIA model.

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Dipterocarpus tuberculatus Roxb. Ethanol Extract Has Anti-Inflammatory and Hepatoprotective Effects In Vitro and In Vivo by Targeting the IRAK1/AP-1 Pathway

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26092529 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (9) ◽

pp. 2529

Author(s):

Haeyeop Kim ◽

Woo Seok Yang ◽

Khin Myo Htwe ◽

Mi-Nam Lee ◽

Young-Dong Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethanol Extract ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Hepatoprotective Activity ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Related Proteins ◽

Pro Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Inflammatory Effect

Dipterocarpus tuberculatus Roxb. has been used traditionally as a remedy for many diseases, especially inflammation. Therefore, we analyzed and explored the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect of a Dipterocarpus tuberculatus Roxb. ethanol extract (Dt-EE). Dt-EE clearly and dose-dependently inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW264.7 cells. Also, Dt-EE suppressed the activation of the MyD88/TRIF-mediated AP-1 pathway and the AP-1 pathway related proteins JNK2, MKK4/7, and TAK1, which occurred as a result of inhibiting the kinase activity of IRAK1 and IRAK4, the most upstream factors of the AP-1 pathway. Finally, Dt-EE displayed hepatoprotective activity in a mouse model of hepatitis induced with LPS/D-galactosamine (D-GalN) through decreasing the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and suppressing the activation of JNK and IRAK1. Therefore, our results strongly suggest that Dt-EE could be a candidate anti-inflammatory herbal medicine with IRAK1/AP-1 inhibitory and hepatoprotective properties.

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Cleaved CD31 as a target for in vivo molecular imaging of inflammation

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-56163-x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jonathan Vigne ◽

Sylvie Bay ◽

Rachida Aid-Launais ◽

Guillaume Pariscoat ◽

Guillaume Rucher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Imaging ◽

Molecular Form ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Stability Study ◽

Biodistribution Studies ◽

Wide Range ◽

Significant Difference

AbstractThere is a need for new targets to specifically localize inflammatory foci, usable in a wide range of organs. Here, we hypothesized that the cleaved molecular form of CD31 is a suitable target for molecular imaging of inflammation. We evaluated a bioconjugate of D-P8RI, a synthetic peptide that binds all cells with cleaved CD31, in an experimental rat model of sterile acute inflammation. Male Wistar rats were injected with turpentine oil into the gastrocnemius muscle two days before 99mTc-HYNIC-D-P8RI (or its analogue with L-Proline) SPECT/CT or [18F]FDG PET/MRI. Biodistribution, stability study, histology, imaging and autoradiography of 99mTc-HYNIC-D-P8RI were further performed. Biodistribution studies revealed rapid elimination of 99mTc-HYNIC-D-P8RI through renal excretion with almost no uptake from most organs and excellent in vitro and in vivo stability were observed. SPECT/CT imaging showed a significant higher 99mTc-HYNIC-D-P8RI uptake compared with its analogue with L-Proline (negative control) and no significant difference compared with [18F]FDG (positive control). Moreover, autoradiography and histology revealed a co-localization between 99mTc-HYNIC-D-P8RI uptake and inflammatory cell infiltration. 99mTc-HYNIC-D-P8RI constitutes a new tool for the detection and localization of inflammatory sites. Our work suggests that targeting cleaved CD31 is an attractive strategy for the specific in vivo imaging of inflammatory processes.

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Brazilian Red Propolis Is as Effective as Amoxicillin in Controlling Red-Complex of Multispecies Subgingival Mature Biofilm In Vitro

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics9080432 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 432

Author(s):

Kadmo Azevedo de Figueiredo ◽

Helio Doyle Pereira da Silva ◽

Stela Lima Farias Miranda ◽

Francisco Jerfeson dos Santos Gonçalves ◽

Arlene Pereira de Sousa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Activity ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Complex Species ◽

Hybridization Data ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Actinomyces Species

This study investigated the effects of Brazilian Red Propolis (BRP) extract on seven-day-old multispecies subgingival biofilms. Mixed biofilm cultures containing 31 species associated with periodontal health or disease were grown for six days on a Calgary device. Then, mature biofilms were treated for 24 h with BRP extract at different concentrations (200–1600 µg/mL), amoxicillin (AMOXI) at 54 µg/mL (positive control) or vehicle (negative control). Biofilm metabolic activity was determined by colorimetry, and bacterial counts/proportions were determined by DNA–DNA hybridization. Data were analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn’s tests. Treatment with BRP at 1600, 800 and 400 μg/mL reduced biofilm metabolic activity by 56%, 56% and 57%, respectively, as compared to 65% reduction obtained with AMOXI. Mean total cell counts were significantly reduced in all test groups (~50–55%). Lower proportions of red, green and yellow complex species were observed upon treatment with BRP (400 µg/mL) and AMOXI, but only AMOXI reduced the proportions of Actinomyces species. In conclusion, BRP extract was as effective as AMOXI in killing seven-day-old multispecies biofilm pathogens and did not affect the levels of the host-compatible Actinomyces species. These data suggest that BRP may be an alternative to AMOXI as an adjunct in periodontal therapy. In vivo studies are needed to validate these results.

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In vivo activities of ceftriaxone and vancomycin against Borrelia spp. in the mouse brain and other sites.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.40.11.2632 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 40 (11) ◽

pp. 2632-2636 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

R J Kazragis ◽

L L Dever ◽

J H Jorgensen ◽

A G Barbour

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Lyme Disease ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Scid Mice ◽

Immunodeficient Mice ◽

Infected Adult ◽

The Brain

Borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of Lyme disease, and B. turicatae, a neurotropic agent of relapsing fever, are susceptible to vancomycin in vitro, with an MIC of 0.5 microgram/ml. To determine the activity of vancomycin in vivo, particularly in the brain, we infected adult immunocompetent BALB/c and immunodeficient CB-17 scid mice with B. burgdorferi or B. turicatae. The mice were then treated with vancomycin, ceftriaxone as a positive control, or normal saline as a negative control. The effectiveness of treatment was assessed by cultures of blood and brain and other tissues. Ceftriaxone at a dose of 25 mg/kg of body weight administered every 12 h for 7 to 10 days eliminated cultivable B. burgdorferi or B. turicatae from all BALB/c or scid mice in the study. Vancomycin at 30 mg/kg administered every 12 h was effective in eliminating infection from immunodeficient mice if treatment was started within 3 days of the onset of infection. If treatment with vancomycin was delayed for 7 days or more, vancomycin failed to eradicate infection with B. burgdorferi or B. turicatae from immunodeficient mice. The failure of vancomycin in eradicating established infections in immunodeficient mice was associated with the persistence of viable spirochetes in the brain during antibiotic treatment.

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Combination of garlic - shatterstone herb powder to control Streptococcus agalactiae infection in tilapia

Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia ◽

10.19027/jai.14.79-89 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 79

Author(s):

Ririn Nurul Fauziah ◽

Dinamella Wahjuningrum ◽

, Sukenda ◽

, Ranta

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽

Allium Sativum ◽

Positive Control ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Negative Control ◽

Fish Pathogen ◽

Phyllanthus Niruri

ABSTRACT This study was aimed at determining potential of combination powder of garlic Allium sativum-shatterstone herb Phyllanthus niruri supplemented in feed against S. agalactiae infection in tilapia. Four concentrations of combination powder of A. sativum-P. Niruri; 20+5, 20+10, 20+15 and 20+20 ppt respectively were investigated for their ability to inhibit bacterial fish pathogen. Combination dose of 20+15 ppt produced the highest inhibitory zones in in vitro test. In vivo test consisted of three treatments with three replications, namely positive control (K+), negative control (K-) and the treatment of A. sativum-P. niruri suplemented in feed (BM). The test perfomed on tilapia with weight of 10.33 ± 1.63 g and were reared at density of 10 ind/aquarium. The fish was fed for 14 days, then injected intraperitoneally with 0.1 mL S. agalactiae at concentration of 105 cfu/mL for positive control and BM groups. Survival, growth rate, feed response, hematological and water quality parameters were observed for 10 days. This study showed that the suplemented-feed-fish (BM) showed better growth rate, feed response, and survival (83.3%) than positive control (36.7%) at P<0.05. In addition, A. sativum-P. niruri suplemented in feed was also able to enhance the immune response by increasing phagocytic activity. Keywords: Streptococcus agalactiae, phytopharmacy, Allium sativum-Phyllanthus niruri, tilapia ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis potensi campuran tepung bawang putih Allium sativum-meniran Phyllanthus niruri dalam pakan terhadap pencegahan infeksi bakteri S. agalactiae pada ikan nila. Empat konsentrasi campuran tepung bawang putih-meniran yaitu 20+5 ppt, 20+10 ppt, 20+15 ppt dan 20+20 ppt masing-masing diuji kemampuannya dalam menghambat bakteri patogen pada ikan. Campuran dosis 20+15 ppt menghasilkan zona hambat terbaik dalam uji in vitro. Uji in vivo terdiri atas tiga perlakuan dengan tiga ulangan yaitu kontrol positif, kontrol negatif, dan perlakuan pakan yang mengandung bawang putih-meniran (BM). Uji ini dilakukan pada ikan nila berbobot 10,33±1,63 g yang dipelihara di akuarium dengan kepadatan 10 ekor/akuarium. Ikan diberi pakan perlakuan selama 14 hari kemudian diinjeksi secara intraperitoneal dengan bakteri S. agalactiae sebanyak 0,1 mL dengan kepadatan 105 cfu/mL pada perlakuan kontrol positif dan perlakuan BM. Parameter kelangsungan hidup, laju pertumbuhan, respons pakan, parameter hematologi, dan kualitas air diamati selama sepuluh hari. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian BM dalam pakan memberikan laju pertumbuhan, respons pakan, dan sintasan (83,3%) yang lebih baik daripada kontrol positif (36,7%) pada P<0,05. Pakan yang mengandung campuran bawang putih-meniran ini juga mampu meningkatkan respons imun dengan adanya peningkatan aktivitas fagositosis. Kata kunci: Streptococcus agalactiae, fitofarmaka, Allium sativum-Phyllanthus niruri, ikan nila

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Aktivitas Antifungi Ekstrak Etanol Daun Eryngium foetidum L. Terhadap Pertumbuhan Xeromyces sp. secara in vitro

Jurnal Protobiont ◽

10.26418/protobiont.v8i2.34056 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Ines S Simatupang Elvi Rusmiyanto PW, Rikhsan Kurniatuhadi

Keyword(s):

Ethanol Extract ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Activity Level ◽

Piper Nigrum ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Eryngium Foetidum ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Eryngium foetidum is a plant commonly used a seasoning cuisine and has a variety of chemical compounds that potentially an antifungal. The ethanol extract Eryngium foetidum was tested against fungal isolate Xi.01. The isolat Xi.01 isolated from the pepper (Piper Nigrum) stem was identified as Xeromyces sp. This study aimed to determine the ability of the antifungal ethanol extract of Eryngium foetidum against Xeromyces sp. (Xi.01). This study used solid dilution method and completely randomized design using 18 treatments, i.e negative control, positive control, diethanolamide concentration of 2.5; 5; 7.5 and 10% combined with the ethanol extract concentration of Eryngium foetidum of 5; 10; 20 and 40%. The results showed 16 treatment combinations had the same low antifungal activity level in the range 13,59-22,40%

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Potential of Cocoa Extract (Theobroma cacao) in Inhibiting Erythrocyte Damage Induced by Physalia utriculus Venom

Journal of Agromedicine and Medical Sciences ◽

10.19184/ams.v6i3.9661 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 157

Author(s):

Adinningtyas Intansari ◽

Al Munawir ◽

Laksmi Indreswari

Keyword(s):

Theobroma Cacao ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Marine Biota ◽

Erythrocyte Lysis ◽

Theobroma Cacao L

Physalia utriculus is one of the invertebrate marine biota that is often found in Indonesia. Some symptoms of venoming due to jellyfish stings cause pain, itching, and hemolysis. In Indonesia, 13 cases of jellyfish stings were reported in 2005-2009 with three people dying in Java, Bali, and Bangka. Cocoa beans (Theobroma cacao L.) contain fat, carbohydrates, proteins, and polyphenol compounds that are useful as antioxidants. Polyphenols in the form of epicathechins, catechins, and procyanidins serve to provide protection to hemolysis. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of ethanol extract of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) in inhibiting the damage of erythrocyte induced by Physalia utriculus in vitro. This study used 28 samples of erythrocytes divided into seven groups, namely the normal control group, negative controls, and treatment with cocoa ethanol extract 0.2%, 0.1%, 0.04%, and 0.02%. Each subsequent group induced venom Physalia utriculus. The results showed that the average speed of erythrocyte lysis in the treatment group by giving cocoa ethanol extract 0.2%, 0.1%, 0.04%, and 0.02% respectively (seconds ± standard deviation) was 858,25 ± 94,44; 1.000,5 ± 159,93; 678,5 ± 19,71; and 1.006 ± 159,50. The mean speed of erythrocyte lysis in the negative control group was 1,025 ± 164.63 and the positive control group with the administration of N-Acetylcystein can last up to one hour after administration of venoms. Test for normality and homogeneity shows that data is normally distributed and homogeneous. One Way Annova analysis shows the significance value of p <0.05, then a post hoc analysis test was performed with the Bonferoni method to find out the differences in significance in each group. In this study it can be concluded that the administration of cocoa ethanol extract has no potential to inhibit erythrocyte damage that has been venomed by Physalia utriculus in vitro. Keywords: Physalia utriculus, cacao, erythrocyte damage

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Identification of the Anthelmintic Power of Anting-anting Leaf and Starfruit Leaf

Health Notions ◽

10.33846/hn40502 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (5) ◽

pp. 140-147

Author(s):

Sri Sulami Endah Astuti

Keyword(s):

Ascaris Suum ◽

Block Design ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Medical Laboratory ◽

Time Of Death ◽

Time Required ◽

Acalypha Indica

Ascariasis is an intestinal infection caused by the parasitic worm Ascaris lumbricoides. Starfruit leaf (Averrhoa bilimbi) and leaf anting-anting (Acalypha indica L) is a plant that is often used as a worm remedy in the community. Starfruit leaves (Averrhoa bilimbi) and Leaf anting-anting (Acalypha indica L) contain several compounds that have the potential as anthelmintics, namely saponins, tannins and flavonoids. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of ethanol extention of starfruit leaf leaves (Averrhoa bilimbi) and leaf anting-anting (Acalypha indica L) as anthelmintic on the time of death of Ascaris suum Goeze worms in vitro. The method in this study is experimental with post test only group design. Test animals from the study are Ascaris suum. The study was conducted at the Parasitology Laboratory, Medical Laboratory Department, Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya in 2019. This study used 6 treatment groups, NaCl 0.9% as a negative control and pirantel pamoate 0.25% as a positive control and ethanol extract of wuluh starfruit leaf and ethanol extract of Anting-anting with concentrations of leaves. 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%. Data were analyzed using the Kolmogrov-Smirnov test, the Anova two way Block Design test, then continued using the Post Hoc test to determine differences between blocks and between treatments, against the time of Ascaris suum worm's death. The average time of death of Ascaris suum caused by ethanol extract of starfruit leaves concentration of 40% for 492.3 minutes and ethanol extract of leaf anting-anting 396.5 minutes, concentration of 60% ethanol extract of wuluh starfruit leaves for 278.5 minutes and leaf extract ethanol leaf anting-anting for 283.5 minutes, 80% concentration of ethanol extract of wuluh starfruit leaf for 141.8 minutes and ethanol extract of anting-anting leaf for 174 minutes, 100% concentration of ethanol extract of wuluh starfruit leaves for 66.75 minutes and extract ethanol leaf anting-anting for 92 minutes. So it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of starfruit leaves has an anthelmintic effect on the Ascaris suum worm more optimum than the ethanol extract of the Anting-anting leaves, because the time required is close to positive control that is 60 minutes. Keywords: anthelmintic; Ascaris suum; starfruit leaf; anting-anting leaf

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238 EFFICACY OF RECOMBINANT TRYPSIN AGAINST BOVINE HERPESVIRUS-1 ASSOCIATED WITH IN VITRO-DERIVED PORCINE EMBRYOS

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rdv19n1ab238 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 234 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

M. S. D. Marley ◽

M. D. Givens ◽

P. K. Galik ◽

K. P. Riddell ◽

D. A. Stringfellow

Keyword(s):

Virus Isolation ◽

Bovine Herpesvirus ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Bovine Herpesvirus 1 ◽

Herpesvirus 1 ◽

Porcine Origin

TrypLETM (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) is a recombinant, fungal, trypsin-like protease that is used as a substitute for porcine-origin trypsin in cell culture procedures. It is stable at room temperature and does not present the same risk of contamination as animal-origin trypsin. Previously, TrypLE SelectTM (10X) was shown to remove bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) from Day 7 in vivo-derived embryos (Marley et al. 2006 Reprod. Fert. Dev. 18, 213–214). The objective of this study was to determine if the same treatment would effectively remove BHV-1 from Day 7 zona pellucida-intact, in vitro-derived porcine embryos. Day 7 in vitro-derived morulae and blastocysts and non-fertile or degenerate embryos (NFD) were washed according to the International Embryo Transfer Society protocol. One group of 10 NFD was not exposed to virus and served as the negative control. The remaining embryos and 10 NFD were exposed to 106–108 PFU/mL BHV-1 (Colorado strain) for 1 h. Following exposure, one group of 10 NFD was washed and served as the positive control. The remaining developed embryos were divided into groups of 10 and washed and treated as described in Table 1. Following treatment, the embryos were sonicated in groups of 5 and assayed by virus isolation. The negative control embryos, as well as the embryos treated with porcine-origin trypsin, TrypLE Select (10X) for 7 min, and TrypLE Select (10X) diluted 1 : 2 for 10 min, were negative for virus. The positive control embryos in addition to the other treatments were positive on virus isolation (Table 1). Although, TrypLE Select (10X) does have some antiviral effect when used for 10 min, it was not completely effective, as shown by the positive virus isolation results of one group of 10 embryos. The groups treated with TrypLE Select (10X) diluted 1 : 2 for 10 min were negative for virus; however, if a larger sample size had been tested, positive groups might have occurred. Though using a recombinant trypsin product would be beneficial over using an animal-origin product, it is not known if TrypLE Select (10X) would render a single IVF embryo free of infectious virus. Further research would also need to be performed to assess the viability of embryos following treatment with TrypLE Select (10X). In addition, other recombinant trypsin products need to be evaluated to determine their efficacy against BHV-1 associated with IVF embryos. Table 1.Effect of recombinant trypsin-like proteases on BHV-1 virus in porcine embryos

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