scholarly journals Development and Statistical Correlation of Spectrophotometric Methods for Atazanavir Sulfate with Sulphonepthalein Dyes

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (22) ◽  
pp. 7551-7556
Author(s):  
Anindita Behera ◽  
Dannana G. Sankar ◽  
Swapan K. Moitra ◽  
Sudam C . Si
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Atazanavir Sulfate

CRITICAL REVIEW OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC AND SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS AND APPLICATION OF UV- AUC TECHNIQUE FOR SIMPLE, RAPID, QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF ATAZANAVIR SULFATE

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (05) ◽  
pp. 26-36
Author(s):  
P. S. Bobade ◽  
◽  
S. B. Ganorkar
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Spectrophotometric Analysis ◽  
Calibration Plot ◽  
Minimal Cost ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Atazanavir Sulfate ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Uniform Area

Spectrophotometric analysis has proven to be one of the most referred analytical techniques available; as the enlarged globalization of the pharmaceutical market has reduced the availability of quality pharmaceuticals at minimal cost. Authors have made an attempt for development and validation of simple UV- spectrophotometric area under curve (UV -AUC) method for quantitative estimation of atazanavir sulfate in bulk and in a pharmaceutical formulation. To enhance accuracy, additional attempts were made for the measurement of uniform area around the wavelength maximum (248 nm) and in between the designated wavelengths (238 nm and 260 nm). The mixture of methanol and water in a proportion of 30:70 v/v was selected as a solvent system. Efficient correlation between the concentration and corresponding response was maintained by measuring the uniform area under the peak obtained at the wavelength maximum. The calibration plot for the method was constructed by plotting the values for AUC obtained for the concentration range of 6 - 36 μg/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.999. Developed method was validated on the basis of ICH Q2 R1 guideline. The method depicted good reproducibility with percent RSD less than 2.0. Estimation of atazanavir sulfate by aforementioned method in bulk and capsules was carried out efficiently.

scholarly journals Development, Validation and Statistical Correlation of RP–LC Methods for Determination of Atazanavir Sulfate in Capsule Dosage Form

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1778-1787 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Behera ◽  
D. G. Sankar ◽  
S. K. Moitra ◽  
S. C. Si
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Ich Guidelines ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Atazanavir Sulfate

To study the effective therapeutic bioavailability of Atazanavir Sulfate (ATV), administered singly or in combination with Ritonavir, a cost effective and rapid method is required. In order to assess an in-depth study, it is primarily thought prudent to develop an effective analytical method for estimation of ATV in marketed dosage forms. The present work is to develop a simple and precise analytical method for in depth evaluation of therapeutic efficacy of ATV. The novelty of the method shows linearity in the concentration range of 10-100 µg/mL at two wavelengths, i.e. 254 nm and 284 nm respectively. The chromatographic system consists of HiQSil C18HS column; an isocratic mobile phase consisted of methanol and tetrahydrofuran (95:5 v/v). The developed method is validated according to ICH guidelines in capsule dosage form. Validation of the developed method shows good result in range, linearity, accuracy and precision. Student’st–test was used to correlate the two methods and applied to raw materials and capsule dosage form.

Effect of age on outcome in patients with cerebral stroke

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
G. R. Kuchava ◽  
E. V. Eliseev ◽  
B. V. Silaev ◽  
D. A. Doroshenko ◽  
Yu. N. Fedulaev
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Neurological Deficit ◽  
Neurological Status ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Cerebral Stroke ◽  
Septic Complications ◽  
Risk Of Death

The aim of the study was to assess the course and outcome of cerebral infarction, depending on the age factor and duration of stay in the neuroblock. Materials and methods: a dynamic observation of 494 patients, men and women, aged 38–84 years with acute ischemic stroke of hemispheric localization, which were divided into the three groups depending on age, was performed. Group 1 – younger than 60 years old, group 2–60–70 years old, group 3 – older than 60 years. All patients underwent standard therapy, according to the recommendations for the treatment of ischemic stroke. The patients underwent comprehensive clinical and instrumental monitoring, which included assessment of somatic and neurological status according to the NIH‑NINDS scales at 1st, 3rd, 10th days and at discharge or death; assessment of the level of social adaptation according to the Bartel scale on 1st, 3rd, 10th days and at discharge, clinical and biochemical blood tests, computed tomography of the brain. Assessment of the quality of therapy was carried out according to specially developed maps using methods of statistical correlation analysis. Results: the most pronounced positive dynamics of neurological status was in the 1st group of patients. The regression of neurological deficit in the 2nd group was worse. The minimal dynamics of neurological deficit was in the 3rd group of patients with cerebral stroke. Most often, the death of patients with cerebral stroke occurred from the development of multiple organ disorders. Conclusions: patients over 70 years of age have the greatest risk of death, due to: a decrease in the reactivity of the body, the presence of initially severe concomitant somatic pathology in patients with admission to hospital; accession of secondary somatic and purulent‑septic complications.

GESTOGENS IN CORPUS LUTEUM OF CATTLE

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIII (III) ◽  
pp. 417-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Kristoffersen
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
The Third ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Luteal Tissue ◽  
In Pregnancy

ABSTRACT By means of chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods progesterone and a substance closely similar to 20β-hydroxy-pregn-4-ene-3-one has been detected in luteal tissue from non-pregnant and pregnant cows. In 21 animals quantitative measurements based on a method giving an average net recovery of 56 per cent showed that in pregnancy the average progesterone content in the corpus luteum reached a maximum in the third to fifth month, with low values before and after this period. For 6 nonpregnant cows, the average value was 20.2 μg/g tissue, which is considerably higher than previous values reported in the literature. The relation between these findings and the bovine dependence on a functional corpus luteum in pregnancy is discussed, and it is pointed out that more information about the metabolism of progesterone in cattle is highly desirable.

Colorimetric Determination of Amoxicillin in Pure and some Pharmaceutical Formulations Via Reaction with Potassium Permanganate as Oxidant Reagent

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Shebeeb Al-kadumi ◽  
Sahar Rihan Fadhel ◽  
Mohammed Abdullah Ahmed ◽  
Luma Amer Musa
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Permanganate ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Basic Medium ◽  
Photometric Method ◽  
Colorimetric Determination ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Label Claim

We proposed two simple, rapid, and convenient spectrophotometric methods are described for the determination of Amoxicillin in bulk and its pharmaceutical preparations. They are based on the measurement of the flame atomic emission of potassium ion (in first method) and colorimetric determination of the green colored solution for manganite ion at 610 nm formed after reaction of Amoxicillin with potassium permanganate as oxidant agent (in the second method) in basic medium. The working conditions of the methods were investigated and optimized. Beer's law plot showed a good correlation in the concentration range of 5-45 μg/ml. The detection limits and relative standared deviations were (2.573, 2.814 μg/ml) (2.137, 2.498) for the flame emission photometric method and (1.844, 2.016 μg/ml) (1.645,1.932) for colorimetric methods for capsules and suspensions respectively. The methods were successfully applied to the determination of Amoxicillin in capsules and suspensions, and the obtained results were in good agreement with the label claim. No interference was observed from the commonly encountered additives and expectancies.

On the Measurement of Cooperativity and the Physico-Chemical Meaning of the Hill Coefficient

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 861-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Bellelli ◽  
Emanuele Caglioti
Keyword(s):  
Ligand Binding ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Fundamental Property ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Hill Coefficient ◽  
Biological Macromolecules ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Physiological Relevance ◽  
Minimum Estimate ◽  
The Hill

Cooperative ligand binding is a fundamental property of many biological macromolecules, notably transport proteins, hormone receptors, and enzymes. Positive homotropic cooperativity, the form of cooperativity that has greatest physiological relevance, causes the ligand affinity to increase as ligation proceeds, thus increasing the steepness of the ligand-binding isotherm. The measurement of the extent of cooperativity has proven difficult, and the most commonly employed marker of cooperativity, the Hill coefficient, originates from a structural hypothesis that has long been disproved. However, a wealth of relevant biochemical data has been interpreted using the Hill coefficient and is being used in studies on evolution and comparative physiology. Even a cursory analysis of the pertinent literature shows that several authors tried to derive more sound biochemical information from the Hill coefficient, often unaware of each other. As a result, a perplexing array of equations interpreting the Hill coefficient is available in the literature, each responding to specific simplifications or assumptions. In this work, we summarize and try to order these attempts, and demonstrate that the Hill coefficient (i) provides a minimum estimate of the free energy of interaction, the other parameter used to measure cooperativity, and (ii) bears a robust statistical correlation to the population of incompletely saturated ligation intermediates. Our aim is to critically evaluate the different analyses that have been advanced to provide a physical meaning to the Hill coefficient, and possibly to select the most reliable ones to be used in comparative studies that may make use of the extensive but elusive information available in the literature.

Eco-friendly spectrophotometric methods for assessment of alfuzosin and solifenacin in their new pharmaceutical formulation; Green profile evaluation via eco-scale and GAPI tools

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamdouh R. Rezk ◽  
Mina Wadie ◽  
Soheir A. Weshahy ◽  
Mahmoud A. Tantawy
Keyword(s):  
Minor Component ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Prostate Hyperplasia ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Ratio Difference ◽  
Ich Guidelines ◽  
Mean Centering ◽  
Benign Prostate ◽  
Urological Diseases

Background: Alfuzosin is recently co-formulated with solifenacin for relieving two coincident urological diseases, namely; benign prostate hyperplasia and overactive bladder Objective: Herein, green, simple and rapid spectrophotometric methods were firstly developed for simultaneous determination of the two cited drugs in their co-formulated pharmaceutical capsule Methods: Alfuzosin, which is the major component in the dosage form, was directly assayed at its extended wavelength at 330.0 nm. The challenging spectrum of the minor component, solifenacin, was resolved by five spectrophotometric methods, namely; dual wavelength (DW) at 210.0 & 230.0 nm, first derivative (1D) at 222.0 nm, ratio difference (RD) at 217.0 - 271.0 nm , derivative ratio (1DD) at 223.0 and mean centering of ratio spectra (MC) at 217.0 nm Results: The Proposed methods were successfully validated as per ICH guidelines. Alfuzosin showed linearity over the range of 4.0 - 70.0 μg/mL, while that of solifenacin were 4.0 - 50.0 μg/mL for DW, 2.0 - 70.0 μg/mL for 1D and RD methods, 1.0 - 70.0 μg/mL for 1DD and 4.0 - 70.0 μg/mL for MC method. Statistical comparison with their official ones showed no noticeable differences. The methods showed good applicability for assaying drugs in their newly combination. Besides eco-scale, the greenness profile of the methods was assessed and compared with the reported spectrophotometric one via the newest metric tool; green analytical procedure index (GAPI). Conclusions: The proposed methods are superior in not only being smart, accurate, selective, robust and time-saving, but also in using distilled water as an eco-friendly and cheap solvent

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