scholarly journals Endenese Fisheries: Exploratory Findings on Environmental Perceptions, Fish Effort, and Overfishing in Eastern Indonesia

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 39-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria C. Ramenzoni
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Environmental Perceptions ◽  
Cognitive Representations ◽  
Fishing Fleets

Fishing fleets in South East Asia have recently experienced unprecedented expansion. Consequently, catches and regional diversity have dramatically decreased throughout the Indian Ocean. Regional governments and conservation organizations blame the local fishermen and their use of damaging fishing practices for the present state of resources. However, many of these institutions endorse a narrow perspective on bioeconomic governance and human action (rational action choice) that compromises the understanding of resource use and exploitation among small-scale fisheries. Over the last few decades, there is a growing recognized tradition that points to the importance of ecological systems of knowledge, uncertainty representation, and traditional skills, in conceptualizing processes of environmental decision-making and the likelihood of introducing successful sustainability practices. In line with this perspective, this article presents preliminary findings regarding resource use decision-making processes among Endenese fishing villages in central Flores Island, Indonesia. Grounded on 22 months of ethnographic, experimental and ecological research (semistructured interviews, participant observation, visual surveys, probability and uncertainty assessments), and exploring local cognitive representations of marine processes, climate, ichthyology and the role of luck, this article discusses the current economic representations of small-scale fishers as avid maximizers. It concludes by emphasizing the need to further explore the role of mental models and beliefs regarding uncertainty in motivating fishing effort to design adequate conservation and governance programs. 

scholarly journals KESENJANGAN GENDER PADA PEMANFAATAN PERIKANAN SKALA KECIL DI KABUPATEN NATUNA

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Armen Zulham ◽  
Rani Hafsaridewi ◽  
Hikmah Hikmah ◽  
Permana Ari Soejarwo ◽  
Bayu Vita Indah Yanti
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Small Scale Fisheries ◽  
Fishing Fleets ◽  
And Control

Kesenjangan gender atau perbedaan peran laki-laki dan perempuan terhadap akses dan kontrol dalam pengambilan keputusan pada aktivitas perikanan skala kecil di Kabupaten Natuna masih tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesenjangan gender pada pemanfaatan perikanan skala kecil di Kabupaten Natuna; dan merumuskan strategi untuk mencapai kesetaraan gender. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer yang terpilah gender. Data primer dikumpulkan pada bulan Agustus 2019 terhadap 52 responden nelayan penangkap ikan skala kecil di 5 (lima) kecamatan di Pulau Bunguran – Kabupaten Natuna. Data diolah dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan software excel untuk memperoleh persentase tiga keputusan responden pada 5 kecamatan tersebut. Hasil analisis menunjukkan pengambilan keputusan pada perikanan skala kecil di Kabupaten Natuna masih didominasi oleh laki-laki. Kesenjangan gender terjadi pada aktivitas persiapan penangkapan ikan, kegiatan penangkapan ikan di laut, paska panen (penangkapan) ikan. Oleh karena itu, Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Natuna perlu merancang program stimulasi ekonomi untuk membuka lapangan kerja bagi perempuan dan memberi peluang partisipasi terhadap istri nelayan dalam pengambilan keputusan, dengan melibatkannya dalam kegiatan pelelangan ikan di tempat pelelangan ikan (TPI) atau pengurus armada penangkapan ikan. Title: Gender Gap of Small Scale Fisheries Utilization in Natuna Regency The gender gap or the different role of access and control among men and women on the decision making process in small scale fishery activities in Natuna is remain high. The purpose of this research is to analyze the gender gap in small-scale fisheries utilization and to provide the strategy to achieve gender equality. Gender disaggregated primary data were collected in August 2019 from 52 respondents of the small scale fishermen in 5 sub regency in the Bungguran Island of Natuna Regency. The data were processed using excel software to find out the percentage of 3 reasons for respondent participation. The findings shows that decision maker is dominated by fishermen. The gender gap occurred in preparation process of the fishing activities, fishing activities, and post fishing activities. Therefore, government of Natuna Regency must prepare the economic stimulus program for providing labor opportunities for women, encourage the participation of the fishermen’s wife in decision making process by involving them in fish auction activity or as manager of fishing fleets.

scholarly journals External Examination Invigilators’ (EEIs) Beliefs and Inference About Activities They Consider Important: Implication for Examination Policy

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A Minott
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
External Examination ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Examination Policy

The aim of this small-scale grounded approach qualitative study was to examine the beliefs of selected external examination invigilators (EEIs) and infer the kinds of activities they consider important. The importance of this study rested in the fact that there is a paucity of research which examines the role of EEIs at secondary, further and higher education levels. Therefore, it aids in filling a literary gap and gives them a ‘voice’ in the research literature. Study participants were five EEIs, working in a London secondary school. Purposeful convenience or opportunity sampling was used in their selection. Informal interviews and participant observation were the research methods used. The findings revealed the fact that beliefs of the EEIs guide how they rated their role and that maintaining examination intangibles and procedures is of high importance. Implication of the findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Revisiting the life of things: A cognitive semiotic study of the agency of artefacts in Amazonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-52
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Mendoza-Collazos ◽  
Göran Sonesson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Special Form ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Human Agency ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Material World ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
The Moment

Many contemporary scholars have recently defended the idea that the agency of things is symmetrical and equivalent to human agency. We propose an alternative approach to artefacts’ agency based on a field study concerned with contextually situated observations of the process of design of artefacts in Amazonia. By means of participant observation and interviews, we address the role of artefacts in relation to human agency. In so doing, we focus on the human-unique capacity for design as it is related to cognitive resources such as intentionality, decision-making, planning, and volitional adaptations of the material world to human purposes. We argue that such cognitive resources are ultimate manifestations of human agency. The findings allow us to conclude that artefacts possess a special form of agency, which operates in different ways from the agency of true agents. This agency is derived: it depends on the actions of true agents, with either function as remote intentions or are required for the artefact to work at the moment of use. Thus, the relation between artefacts and agents is asymmetrical. Given that the derived agency of artefacts allows people to expand their own agency, we propose the notion of enhanced agency for the prosthetic incorporation of artefacts into the agentive capabilities of human agents.

Putting Inequality in Its Place: Rural Consciousness and the Power of Perspective

2012 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATHERINE CRAMER WALSH
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
Group Consciousness ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Public Opinion Research ◽  
The Public ◽  
Limited Government

Why do people vote against their interests? Previous explanations miss something fundamental because they do not consider the work of group consciousness. Based on participant observation of conversations from May 2007 to May 2011 among 37 regularly occurring groups in 27 communities sampled across Wisconsin, this study shows that in some places, people have a class- and place-based identity that is intertwined with a perception of deprivation. The rural consciousness revealed here shows people attributing rural deprivation to the decision making of (urban) political elites, who disregard and disrespect rural residents and rural lifestyles. Thus these rural residents favor limited government, even though such a stance might seem contradictory to their economic self-interests. The results encourage us to consider the role of group consciousness-based perspectives rather than pitting interests against values as explanations for preferences. Also, the study suggests that public opinion research more seriously include listening to the public.

Ambiguity Aversion and Portfolio Choice in Small-Scale Peruvian Farming

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Engle Warnick ◽  
Javier Escobal ◽  
Sonia C. Laszlo
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Risk Aversion ◽  
Portfolio Choice ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Ambiguity Aversion ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Main Crop ◽  
On Farm ◽  
New Evidence

Abstract While the effect of risk aversion on farmers' decision-making has long been documented, far less is known about the effect of ambiguity aversion. We argue that ambiguity aversion is just as relevant to their decision-making process because they are uncertain about the yield distributions generated by new technologies. By experimentally measuring risk and ambiguity aversion in rural Peru, we provide new evidence on the role of ambiguity aversion on farm decisions in developing countries: ambiguity aversion, not risk aversion, reduces the likelihood that farmers plant more than one variety of their main crop.

scholarly journals Islamic Managers and The Role Of Emotional Maturity In Decision-Making (Review of al-Qur’an and Science)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Iwan Fahri Cahyadi ◽  
Muhammad Zulham Fanani
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Emotional Maturity ◽  
Take The Best ◽  
Potential Problems ◽  
Strategic Position ◽  
The Right ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
A Company

<p><em>The role of managers in a company has a very strategic position, be it a large, medium or small scale company, although in each company the problems faced have different complexity and risk. This is where managers must be able to analyze problems or problems, choose and sort out various alternatives in solving a problem, take the best decisions and have the lowest risk, and be able to analyze the potential problems that arise in the future.</em><em> </em><em>A manager is required not only to have extensive knowledge and insight, but also emotional maturity. Like two sides of a coin, these two things must be utilized simultaneously in decision making so that the right decision is taken. Science and insights are physiological (brain) obtained from schools and their environments. While emotional maturity through religious approaches. Managers who practice religion well (Islamic Managers) then the maturity of their souls is more stable and secure. The manager who is close to God will get the happiness that comes from the endhorpin hormone that is present in humans that has been provided by God.</em></p>

scholarly journals PERAN GENDER DALAM PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN RUMAH TANGGA NELAYAN DI KOTA SEMARANG UTARA, PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achmad Azizi ◽  
Hikmah Hikmah ◽  
Sapto Adi Pranowo
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Focus Group Discussion ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The City

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis peran gender dalam pengambilan keputusan pada rumah tangga nelayan dan telah dilakukan pada tahun 2007. Riset ini menggunakan metoda survei dengan studi kasus di kota Semarang Utara. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara Focus Group Discussion (FGD) dan wawancara terstruktur dengan menggunakan kuesioner tertutup terhadap 30 orang responden. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis statistik deskriptif. Hasil riset menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada pengaruh gender atau pengambilan keputusan dilakukan secara bersama-sama antara suami istri pada kegiatan domestik, kegiatan produktif berupa investasi serta sosial kemasyarakatan. Pengaruh gender, yaitu didominasi oleh laki-laki (suami), hanya ditemukan pada pengambilan keputusan terkait dengan pengelolaan usaha perikanan masih didominasi oleh laki-laki (suami).Tittle: The Role of Gender in Household Decision-making at Fisherman in the City of North Semarang, Central Java Province a Case Study in the City of North SemarangThe study aims to analyze the role of gender in decision-making at the household fishermen have been done in 2007. This research used a survey method with a case study in the northern city of Semarang.The method of data collection is done by Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and structured interviews using questionnaires covered the 30 respondents. Data analysis method used is descriptive statistical analysis. The results showed that there was no effect of gender or decision made jointly between husband and wife in domestic activities, such as investment in productive activities and social. The influence of gender, which is dominated by men (husbands), was found only in decision making related to the management of fishing effort is still dominated by men (husbands).

scholarly journals The role of geophysics in enhancing mine planning decision-making in small-scale mining

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 200384
Author(s):  
Ricardo Tichauer ◽  
Antonio Carlos Martins ◽  
Ranyere Sousa Silva ◽  
Giorgio De Tomi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Mine Planning ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Planning Decision

Small-scale mining usually operates under high geological uncertainty conditions. This turns mine planning into a complex and sometimes inaccurate task, resulting in low productivity and substantial variability in the quantity and quality of the mineral products. This research demonstrates how the application of a novel methodology that relies on traditional and low-cost geophysical methods can contribute to mine planning in small-scale mining. A combination of resistivity and induced polarization methods is applied to enhance mine planning decision-making in three small-scale mining operations. This approach allows for the acquisition of new data regarding local geological settings, supporting geological modelling and enhancing decision-making processes for mine planning in a timely and low-cost fashion. The results indicate time savings of up to 77% and cost reductions of up to 94% as compared with conventional methods, contributing to more effective mine planning and, ultimately, improving sustainability in small-scale mining.

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