scholarly journals The relation of BCG vaccination and severe malnutrition with the occurrence of tuberculous meningitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Nofareni Nofareni ◽  
Bistok Saing ◽  
Ridwan M. Daulay ◽  
Bidasari Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Tuberculous Meningitis ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Severe Malnutrition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
Control Study

Objectives To assess BCG vaccination and nutritional states inchildren with tuberculous meningitis and their relations with theoccurrence of tuberculous meningitis.Methods A case-control study was conducted at the Divisionof Neurology, Department of Child Health, Adam Malik Hospi-tal, Medan, from January 1997 to December 2000. Subjects ofthis study were all tuberculous meningitis patients and primarytuberculosis patients as the control group. Odds ratio (OR) wasused to assess the risk of tuberculous meningitis in patientswith positive BCG vaccination and (1-OR) was used to assessthe efficacy of BCG to prevent tuberculous meningitis.Results Four out of sixteen tuberculous meningitis patients werevaccinated, while 10 of 16 primary tuberculosis patients were vac-cinated (p=0.03). OR of vaccinated patients to get tuberculousmeningitis was 0.2 (95%CI 0.04;0.91). The efficacy of BCG vacci-nation to prevent tuberculous meningitis was 1-0.2 = 0.8. The riskof severe malnourished patients to get tuberculous meningitis was2.33 (95%CI 0.52;10.48; p=0.26).Conclusion Most tuberculous meningitis patients were not BCGvaccinated. Severe malnutrition did not play role in the occurrenceof this disease

scholarly journals Associations between Red Blood Cell and Platelet Transfusions and Retinopathy of Prematurity

Neonatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Tobias Hengartner ◽  
Mark Adams ◽  
Riccardo E. Pfister ◽  
Diane Snyers ◽  
Jane McDougall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Adjusted Logistic Regression ◽  
Control Study

<b><i>Aim:</i></b> The aim of this study is to examine possible associations between the transfusion of RBC or platelets (PLTs) and the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in infants. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This retrospective, national, case-control study included all live births in Switzerland between 2013 and 2018. We investigated preterm infants at a gestational age of &#x3c;28 weeks, who developed higher stage ROP (≥stage 2, <i>n</i> = 178). Each case infant was matched to another of the same sex who did not develop ROP (<i>n</i> = 178, control group). <b><i>Results:</i></b> When compared with the control group, we observed higher numbers of RBC transfusions per infant and higher percentages of infants receiving PLT transfusions in the case group. An adjusted logistic regression analysis revealed that both RBC (odds ratio [OR] 1.081, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.020–1.146) and PLT transfusions (OR = 2.502, 95% CI 1.566–3.998) numbers were associated with ROP development. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Multiple RBC and PLT transfusions are associated with higher stage ROP development. Prospective studies are required to determine their potential as risk factors.

scholarly journals Association between anxiety symptoms and atrial fibrillation in a community cohort of Chinese older adults: a case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhu-Xia Shen ◽  
Yu-Min Sun ◽  
Hui-Hui Gu ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Zhi-Wen Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background The association between anxiety and atrial fibrillation (AF) remains unclear. Moreover, this association has rarely been studied in Chinese individuals aged 60 years or older. This study investigated the association between anxiety and AF in a community-based case-control study of older adult residents in urban China. Methods The cases and controls were from a community-based study conducted in the Jingansi community in Shanghai, China, between January 2010 and December 2012. A total of 3622 residents aged 60 years or older without severe vision, hearing, or speaking impairments were eligible to participate in the physical examinations and questionnaire survey. AF was assessed based on a previous physician’s diagnosis, electrocardiogram, ambulatory electrocardiogram, or echocardiogram. Anxiety was evaluated using the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (ZSAS). Using the AF group as a reference, the control group consisted of randomly selected age- and sex-matched individuals in a 1:5 ratio (case:control = 1:5). The association between anxiety and AF in the AF group and the multifactor-matched control group was explored using logistic regression. Results In the AF and control groups, after adjusting for a history of coronary heart disease, valvular heart disease, hypertension, stroke, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes, as well as depression score, ZSAS scores (odds ratio 1.07; 95% confidence interval 1.02–1.12; p = 0.003), and anxiety symptoms (odds ratio 3.94; 95% confidence interval 1.06–14.70; p = 0.041) were associated with AF. Conclusions Anxiety symptoms were associated with AF in a Chinese older population. This suggests that older adults who have anxiety symptoms may need psychological intervention or treatment in daily life and care.

scholarly journals Association Of Food And Drug Allergy With Antituberculosis Drug Related Hepatitis Or Skin Reactions: A Case Control Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Dinesh LB Dassanayake ◽  
BKM Asanga Upul ◽  
K Wickramasekara ◽  
SK Ileperuma ◽  
A Siribaddana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Skin Reactions ◽  
Dence Interval ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Introduction: Anti-tuberculosis drugs can cause adverse reactions including hepatitis and skin reactions. This case control study was aimed at fi nding out whether allergy to drug or food acts as a risk factor for the development of anti-tuberculosis drug induced hepatitis or skin reactions. Patients with tuberculosis on category 1 regimen, who presented to the Teaching Hospital Kandy Sri Lanka, due to anti-tuberculosis drug induced hepatitis or skin reactions from 1st July 2010 to 30th June 2011 were recruited. Methodology: Patients with drug induced hepatitis or skin reactions were grouped as cases and patients who didn’t develop hepatitis or skin reactions during the treatment period were selected as controls. Controls were matched for age, gender, weight, and consumption of alcohol. Cases and controls were inquired for the presence of allergy to drugs or food. Two groups were compared using odds ratio. Results: There were 61 cases [33 (54.1%) males, 28 (45.9%) females] and 61 controls .Ten patients (16.39%) among the cases had allergy to food or drugs while in control group only 2 (03.2%) had allergy. Odds ratio for the development of drug reactions in patients with a history of allergy was 5.8 (confi dence interval 1.2 to 27.6). Conclusion: Patients with allergy to drugs or foods have 5.8 times risk of developing anti-tuberculosis drug induced hepatitis or skin reaction. SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases & HIV/AIDS; 2013; X(2); 48-53 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v10i2.9714

scholarly journals Assessment of urothelial cells atypical changes among petroleum station workers in Saudi Arabia

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussain Gadelkarim Ahmed ◽  
Fawaz D Alshmmari ◽  
Ibrahim Abdelmajeed Ginawi ◽  
Nasser Gazi Alshammari ◽  
Abdullah Mohammed Abdullah Alshammari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Urothelial Cells ◽  
Cytological Atypia ◽  
Control Study

The aim of the present study was to assess atypical changes in urothelial cells among petroleum station workers. This is a case control study, investigating 300 participants by cytological methods. Of the 300 participants, 150 were cases (exposed to petroleum products) and 150 were controls (non-exposed). Full voided urine was obtained and was cytologically assessed. Cytological atypia was identified in nine (6%) out of the 150 cases and could not be identified in 141/150 (94%) of the cases, whereas, in the control group, cytological atypia was recognized in four (2.7%) of the 150 controls and could not be identified in 146/150 (97.3%). The risk associated with petroleum product exposure, the odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence interval (CI) was 2.33 (0.7015–7.7378), P = 0.1673. Exposure of petroleum station workers to petroleum products increases the risk of urothelial atypical changes, which may progress to precancerous and cancerous changes.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Infantile Diarrhea (A Case-Control Study)

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 125-34
Author(s):  
Iskandar Z. Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Supplementary Food ◽  
Infantile Diarrhea ◽  
Control Study

From March thru April 1990 an unmatched case-control study had been conducted at the pediatric out-patient Clinic of Dr. Pirngadi Hospital Medan to assess risk factors of infantile diarrhea. The  study population were infants, aged younger than 21 months. The mothers of the infants were interviewed, using structured questionnaires. Sample size, calculated by means of formula, with 95 % level of confidence, 90 % power of study, 50% estimated proportion of exposure in the control-group and 2.0 estimated odds ratio, was 121. All infants with diarrhea were included in the case-group until a total number of 124 infants were reached. One control, an infant without diarrhea, was taken for each case from the nearest sequence of attendance after the case. A total of 20 risk factors were tested. Exposure was indicated from the last day before illness. Computerized statistical analysis was performed to calculate odds ratio, 95 % confidence interval and two tailed significance testing for qualitative dichotomic data by means of Chi square test. A total of nine factors were confirmed as risk factors of infantile diarrhea i.e mothers age than 20 years, working mother, not cleaning nipple before suckling the baby bottle feeding, having only one nursing botlle/teat, not ready for use nursing bottle/teat, giving left over supplementary food without reheating, no band-washing before giving supplementary food and malnutrition. The result of this study can be emphasized in health education, especially in diarrheal disease control of infancy; Further well-designed studies are needed.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Herpes Zoster in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Case-Control Study

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 963
Author(s):  
Zhenxing Li ◽  
Qiao Wang ◽  
Jiahui Ma ◽  
Zhi Li ◽  
Dong Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dialysis Therapy ◽  
Control Study

(1) Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) increases the susceptibility to the presence of herpes zoster (HZ). Little is known about the risk factors of HZ in CKD patients; (2) Methods: This is a case-control study. CKD patients diagnosed with HZ between January 2015 and June 2021 in a tertiary hospital were identified. One age- and gender- matched control was paired for each case, matched to the date of initial HZ diagnosis. Conditional multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate the risk factors associated with the presence of HZ; (3) Results: Forty-seven HZ patients and controls were identified. In general, about 73.40% (69 out of 94) patients were classified at IV to V stages of CKD. Immunosuppressive agents (p = 0.0012) and dialysis therapy (p = 0.021) were reported more frequently in the HZ cohort. Compared with the control group, the total white cell count and lymphocyte count were significantly lower in the HZ group (p value of 0.032 and 0.003, respectively). The conditional logistics regression model revealed that previous immunosuppressants administration (odds ratio: 10.861, 95% CI: 2.092~56.392, p = 0.005) and dialysis therapy (odds ratio: 3.293, 95% CI: 1.047~10.355, p = 0.041) were independent risk factors of HZ in the CKD population; (4) Conclusions: Dialysis and immunosuppressants therapy were associated with greater risk of HZ disease in CKD patients. Further guideline may highlight the necessity of zoster vaccine for patients with CKD, who undertake associated treatment.

scholarly journals Risk of Enteric Infection in Patients with Gastric Acid Supressive Drugs: A Population-Based Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1063
Author(s):  
Chia-Jung Kuo ◽  
Cheng-Yu Lin ◽  
Chun-Wei Chen ◽  
Chiu-Yi Hsu ◽  
Sen-Yung Hsieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Acid ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Enteric Infection ◽  
Control Study

Long-term use of gastric-acid-suppressive drugs is known to be associated with several adverse effects. However, the association between enteric infection and acid suppression therapy is still uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the association between gastric acid suppression and the risk of enteric infection. Materials and Methods: We conducted a population-based case-control study using the data from Chang Gung Research Database (CGRD) in Taiwan. Between January 2008 and December 2017, a total of 154,590 adult inpatients (age > 18) were identified. A pool of potential eligible controls according to four propensity scores matching by sex, age, and index year were extracted (n = 89,925). Subjects with missing data or who received less than 7 days of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and/or H2-receptor antagonists (H2RAs) were excluded. Finally, 17,186 cases and 69,708 corresponding controls were selected for analysis. The use of PPIs and H2RAs, the result of microbiological samples, and co-morbidity conditions have been analyzed. Confounders were controlled by conditional logistic regression. Results: 32.84% of patients in the case group used PPIs, compared with 7.48% in the control group. Of patients in the case group, 9.9% used H2RAs, compared with 6.9% in the control group. Of patients in the case group, 8.3% used a combination of PPIs and H2RAs, compared with 2.7% in the control group. The most common etiological pathogens were Enterococcus (44.8%), Clostridioides difficile (34.5%), and Salmonella spp. (10.2%). The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for PPI use with enteric infection was 5.526 (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.274–5.791). For H2RAs, the adjusted odds ratio was 1.339 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.261–1.424). Compared to the control group, persons with enteric infection had more frequent acid-suppressive agent usage. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that gastric-acid-suppressive drug use is associated with an increased risk of enteric infection after adjusting for potential biases and confounders.

scholarly journals The relationship between major dietary patterns and fertility status in Iranian men: a case- control study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farahnaz Haeri ◽  
Reza Ghiasvand ◽  
Awat Feizi ◽  
Amin Salehi Abargouei ◽  
laleh Dehghan Marvast ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Fertility Status ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Objective: Reproductive disorders are a global health problem with high prevalence in all parts of the World. Their etiology can be attributed to several factors such as psychological, social, economical and physical. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between major dietary patterns with fertility status in Iranian men in Yazd province.Methods: In this case-control study, 400 infertile men were recruited into study during their fertility investigation in Yazd Reproductive sciences Institute by diagnosis an andrologist as the case group. The control group consisted of 604 healthy men without infertility history that selected from Shahedieh cohort study, recruitment phase from 2015 to 2016 (during one year),Yazd, Iran, according to the inclusion criteria. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between dietary patterns and infertility. All data of the major dietary patterns were analyzed using SPSS V. 22 software.Results: five dietary patterns were extracted. These dietary patterns were grouped as Western, Healthy, Traditional, Fat-based and Mixed. After adjusting for age and level of education, the third tertile of the mixed Dietary Pattern had the highest odds ratio (OR = 7.2; 95% CI, 4.4-11.7) for infertility. In Model 2, the second tertile of the traditional dietary pattern had the lowest Odds ratio (OR = 0.012;95%CI, 0.006-0.023) About infertility. In model 3, Third tertile of western (OR = 6.3; 95% CI, 3.3-12.1) and mix dietary patterns (OR = 2.9; 95% CI, 1.6-5.2) had the highest odds ratio for infertility. The first tertile of each dietary pattern was considered as the reference level.Conclusions: We concluded in this study that adherence to the Western dietary pattern in model 3, Mix and fat-based pattern in model 2 was associated with high risk for infertility. On the other hand, adherence to the traditional and healthy dietary pattern had a protective effect on male infertility. Further studies are needed to confirm the findings of this study.

scholarly journals A national Swedish case-control study investigating incidence and factors associated with idiopathic intracranial hypertension

Cephalalgia ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 033310242110241
Author(s):  
Anna Sundholm ◽  
Sarah Burkill ◽  
Elisabet Waldenlind ◽  
Shahram Bahmanyar ◽  
A Ingela M Nilsson Remahl
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
General Population ◽  
Intracranial Hypertension ◽  
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Control Study

Objective To study the incidence of idiopathic intracranial hypertension in Sweden and to explore whether previously proposed risk factors are associated with idiopathic intracranial hypertension by investigating the odds of exposure one year prior to diagnosis in patients compared to controls. Methods Using Swedish health care registers and validated diagnostic algorithms, idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients diagnosed between 2000–2016 were compared with randomly selected matched controls, five from the general population and five with obesity. Results We identified 902 idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients and 4510 matched individuals in each control group. Mean incidence among inhabitants ≥18 years of age was 0.71 per 100,000; rising from 0.53 in 2000–2005 to 0.95 in 2012–2016. There were increased odds for idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients compared to general population for exposure to: kidney failure (odds ratio =13.2 (4.1–42.0)), arterial hypertension (odds ratio =17.5 (10.5–29.3)), systemic lupus erythematosus (odds ratio =13.8 (4.3–44.7)), tetracyclines, sulphonamides, lithium, and corticosteroids. In obese controls, odds ratios were also significantly increased for these exposures. Hormonal contraceptive use and exposure to pregnancy did not appear to be associated factors for idiopathic intracranial hypertension development. Conclusions The incidence of idiopathic intracranial hypertension in Sweden is lower relative to reports from other countries but is on the rise. This case-control study confirms several previously reported risk factors associated with idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document