EFFECT OF BET SURFACE AREA AND REPLACEMENT RATIO OF VOLCANIC GLASS POWDER ON COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH

The effect of glass powder on strength and microstructure of ultra high performance cement-based materials was investigated in this paper, which aimed to provide an additional option for glass recycling and potentially reduce the high costs of this kind of materials. Compressive strength of pastes and mortars with different glass powder content were tested and their microstructure properties were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Test result showed that the compressive strength rose initially with the increase of the amount of glass powder, and reached to the peak at 20% replacement ratio, then decreased a little. The glass powder in ultra high performance cement-based materials had exhibited pozzolanic reaction and filling effect, contributing substantially to strength increase. In addition, no ASR micro-cracking ring was found around the large glass powder particle due to the enough fineness of glass powder and the existing of silica fume.

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A Properties of Concrete using LCD Waste Glass Subjected to Sulfate Attack

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.773.233 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 773 ◽

pp. 233-237

Author(s):

Gyeom Boo Kim ◽

Il Young Jang ◽

Seong Kyum Kim ◽

Kwang Woon Lee

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Magnesium Sulfate ◽

Sodium Sulfate ◽

Glass Powder ◽

Sulfate Attack ◽

Waste Glass ◽

Replacement Ratio ◽

Waste Glass Powder ◽

Better Than

In this study, it investigated the micropore changes by aging of LCD waste glass powder and investigated the effects of particle size and replacement ratio on sulfate erosion. Also, the comparison of the compressive strength with that of OPC concrete was carried out to evaluate the sulfate resistance of the LCD waste glass mixed concrete. As a result, resistance to sodium sulfate is better than magnesium sulfate.

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Development of Self-Cured Sustainable Concrete Using Local Water-Entrainment Aggregates of Vesicular Basalt

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13126756 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 6756

Author(s):

Mohd. Ahmed ◽

Saeed AlQadhi ◽

Saleh Alsulamy ◽

Saiful Islam ◽

Roohul A. Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Surface Area ◽

Water Permeability ◽

Concrete Strength ◽

The Self ◽

Bet Surface Area ◽

Hardened Concrete ◽

Sustainable Concrete ◽

Vesicular Basalt ◽

Water Entrainment

The environmental and economic concerns pertaining to the construction industry have necessitated the development of sustainable concrete. Durability and strength are the two primary properties which determine the sustainability of concrete. This study evaluated the performance of self-cured concrete produced from local vesicular basalt porous aggregates. The durability indicators, porosity, permeability and pore size of the hardened concrete, were obtained from the water sorptivity (water permeability under capillary action) test, the water permeability under pressure action test and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area test and strength was evaluated in terms of compressive strength of concrete. The concrete specimens were produced with 10% porous vesicular basalt aggregate in replacement of coarse aggregate. The concrete specimens were tested at 3, 7 and 28 days. The self-curing effect on concrete strength was evaluated against water, air and membrane cured specimens, at surface/volume ratio of 26.4/40 and w/c ratio of 0.35/0.5. A 20% decrease in sorptivity coefficient, 10% increase in solid surface area and about 10% increase in compressive strength of the self-cured concrete was observed over the conventionally cured concrete. The study concludes that the addition of water-entrainment aggregates to concrete reduces water permeability, results in a finer pore structure of concrete and increases the quality and durability of concrete.

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Effect of Formaldehyde to Phenol Ratio in Phenolic Beads on Pore Structure, Adsorption and Mechanical Properties of Activated Carbon Spheres

Defence Science Journal ◽

10.14429/dsj.69.12821 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 69 (1) ◽

pp. 46-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Arjun Singh ◽

Sanjeevan Aggrawal ◽

Darshan Lal

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Pore Structure ◽

Surface Area ◽

Pore Volume ◽

Bet Surface Area ◽

Activation Process ◽

Carbon Spheres ◽

Activated Carbon Spheres

Phenolic beads (PBs) prepared from different formaldehyde to phenol (F/P) molar ratios were used as polymeric precursor for activated carbon. Activated carbon spheres (ACSs) have been produced from PBs via the physical activation process using carbon dioxide (CO2) as activating agent at 950 °C for different burn-off. The prepared ACSs were investigated for nitrogen adsorption, surface morphology and compressive strength by means of BET surface area analyser, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and carbon and sphere tester techniques. The results indicated that the effects of F/P ratio observed, especially variation in the adsorption and mechanical properties. It was found that ACSs obtained from F/P ratio one showed the superior adsorption properties, possessed a high BET surface area in a range of 836 m2 g-1 to 3694 m2 g-1 with high pore volume (0.47 cm3 g-1 - 2.47 cm3 g-1) and 73-97 per cent microporosity. The BET surface area and pore volume increased, while the microporosity gradually decreased, with increasing the extent of burn-off. Compressive strength decreased with increasing F/P ratio as well as the extent of burn-off. ACSs upheld improved compressive strength (from 160 N mm-2 to 9 N mm-2) than those obtained from F/P ratio 2 and 3 in PBs. SEM studies of ACSs demonstrated well developed pore structure.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Florfenicol-silver Nanocomposite and its Antibacterial Activity against some Gram Positive and Gram-negative Bacteria

International Journal of Veterinary Science ◽

10.37422/ijvs/20.050 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Zeta Potential ◽

Surface Area ◽

Spherical Shape ◽

Bet Surface Area ◽

Sonochemical Method ◽

Raman Spectrometry ◽

Silver Nanocomposite ◽

Morphology Characterization

In this paper, easy, rapid and cheap synthetic method was described for florfenicol-silver nanocomposite by sonochemical method. Florfenicol-silver nanocomposite was characterized based on three classes namely index, identification and morphology class. Index characterization was carried out by zeta sizing, BET surface area and zeta potential. Identification characterization was performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectrometry. Morphology characterization was done utilizing transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM). Characterization results showed zeta sizing of florfenicol was 30.44nm, while florfenicol-silver nanocomposite was 33.5 nm with zeta potential -14.1 and -18, respectively. BET surface area was found to be 13.3, 73.2 and 103.69 m2/g for florfenicol, silver nanoparticles and florfenicol-silver nanocomposite respectively. XRD and Raman charts confirmed the formation of florfenicol-silver nanocomposite without any contamination. TEM, SEM and AFM spectral data illustrated spherical to sub spherical shape of silver nanoparticles on cubic to sheet shape of florfenicol with size less than 50 nm. Antimicrobial activity was screened where the average zone of inhibitions caused by the prepared nanocomposite were 28.3 mm, 24 mm, 27.3 mm and 24 mm compared to 17.7 mm, 16 mm, 18.7 mm and 13.3 mm of the native drug and 13 mm, 10 mm, 14.3 mm and 15 mm of the used positive reference standards against E. coli, Salmonella typhymurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Staph.aureus MRSA respectively.

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Life Time Improvement of Hierarchically Structured SAPO-34 Nanocatalyst in MTO Reaction via Applying Clinoptilolite, Investigating of Composite Design via RSM

Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening ◽

10.2174/1386207323666200428093154 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 ◽

Author(s):

Reza Yazdanpanah ◽

Eshagh Moradiyan ◽

Rouein Halladj ◽

Sima Askari

Keyword(s):

Surface Area ◽

Natural Zeolite ◽

Coke Formation ◽

Life Time ◽

Weight Percent ◽

Light Olefins ◽

Bet Surface Area ◽

Relative Crystallinity ◽

Mto Reaction ◽

The Common

Aim and Objective: The research focuses on recent progress in the production of light olefins. Hence, the common catalyst of the reaction (SAPO-34) deactivates quickly because of coke formation, we reorganized the mechanism combining SAPO-34 with a natural zeolite in order to delay the deactivation time. Materials and Methods: The synthesis of nanocomposite catalyst was conducted hydrothermally using experimental design. Firstly, Clinoptilolite was modified using nitric acid in order to achieve nano scaled material. Then, the initial gel of the SAPO-34 was prepared using DEA, aluminum isopropoxide, phosphoric acid and TEOS as the organic template, sources of Aluminum, Phosphor, and Silicate, respectively. Finally, the modified zeolite was combined with SAPO-34's gel. Results: 20 different catalysts due to D-Optimal design were synthesized and the nanocomposite with 50 weight percent of SAPO-34, 4 hours Crystallization and early Clinoptilolite precipitation showed the highest relative crystallinity, partly high BET surface area and hierarchical structure. Conclusion: Different analysis illustrated the existence of both components. The most important property alteration of nanocomposite was the increment of pore mean diameters and reduction in pore volumes in comparison with free SAPO-34. Due to low price of Clinoptilolite, the new catalyst develops the economy of the process. Using this composite, according to formation of multi-sized pores located hierarchically on the surface of the catalyst and increased surface area, significant amounts of Ethylene and Propylene, in comparison with free SAPO-34, were produced, as well as deactivation time that was improved.

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Hydrochloric Acid Modification and Lead Removal Studies on Naturally Occurring Zeolites from Nevada, New Mexico, and Arizona

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr9071238 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 1238

Author(s):

Garven M. Huntley ◽

Rudy L. Luck ◽

Michael E. Mullins ◽

Nick K. Newberry

Keyword(s):

New Mexico ◽

Surface Area ◽

Bet Surface Area ◽

Lead Removal ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Sem Images ◽

X Ray ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

27Al Mas Nmr ◽

Modified Zeolites

Four naturally occurring zeolites were examined to verify their assignments as chabazites AZLB-Ca and AZLB-Na (Bowie, Arizona) and clinoptilolites NM-Ca (Winston, New Mexico) and NV-Na (Ash Meadows, Nevada). Based on powder X-ray diffraction, NM-Ca was discovered to be mostly quartz with some clinoptilolite residues. Treatment with concentrated HCl (12.1 M) acid resulted in AZLB-Ca and AZLB-Na, the chabazite-like species, becoming amorphous, as confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction. In contrast, NM-Ca and NV-Na, which are clinoptilolite-like species, withstood boiling in concentrated HCl acid. This treatment removes calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, aluminum, and iron atoms or ions from the framework while leaving the silicon framework intact as confirmed via X-ray fluorescence and diffraction. SEM images on calcined and HCl treated NV-Na were obtained. BET surface area analysis confirmed an increase in surface area for the two zeolites after treatment, NM-Ca 20.0(1) to 111(4) m2/g and NV-Na 19.0(4) to 158(7) m2/g. 29Si and 27Al MAS NMR were performed on the natural and treated NV-Na zeolite, and the data for the natural NV-Na zeolite suggested a Si:Al ratio of 4.33 similar to that determined by X-Ray fluorescence of 4.55. Removal of lead ions from solution decreased from the native NM-Ca, 0.27(14), NV-Na, 1.50(17) meq/g compared to the modified zeolites, 30 min HCl treated NM-Ca 0.06(9) and NV-Na, 0.41(23) meq/g, and also decreased upon K+ ion pretreatment in the HCl modified zeolites.

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Preparation, Characterization, and Evaluation of Macrocrystalline and Nanocrystalline Cellulose as Potential Corrosion Inhibitors for SS316 Alloy during Acid Pickling Process: Experimental and Computational Methods

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13142275 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (14) ◽

pp. 2275

Author(s):

Arafat Toghan ◽

Mohamed Gouda ◽

Kamal Shalabi ◽

Hany M. Abd El-Lateef

Keyword(s):

Surface Area ◽

Density Functional ◽

Protective Efficacy ◽

Protective Layer ◽

Nanocrystalline Cellulose ◽

Bet Surface Area ◽

Natural Polymers ◽

Active Centers ◽

Acid Pickling ◽

Pickling Process

Converting low-cost bio-plant residuals into high-value reusable nanomaterials such as microcrystalline cellulose is an important technological and environmental challenge. In this report, nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) was prepared by acid hydrolysis of macrocrystalline cellulose (CEL). The newly synthesized nanomaterials were fully characterized using spectroscopic and microscopic techniques including FE-SEM, FT-IR, TEM, Raman spectroscopy, and BET surface area. Morphological portrayal showed the rod-shaped structure for NCC with an average diameter of 10–25 nm in thickness as well as length 100–200 nm. The BET surface area of pure CEL and NCC was found to be 10.41 and 27 m2/g, respectively. The comparative protection capacity of natural polymers CEL and NCC towards improving the SS316 alloy corrosion resistance has been assessed during the acid pickling process by electrochemical (OCP, PDP, and EIS), and weight loss (WL) measurements. The outcomes attained from the various empirical methods were matched and exhibited that the protective efficacy of these polymers augmented with the upsurge in dose in this order CEL (93.1%) < NCC (96.3%). The examined polymers display mixed-corrosion inhibition type features by hindering the active centers on the metal interface, and their adsorption followed the Langmuir isotherm model. Surface morphology analyses by SEM reinforced the adsorption of polymers on the metal substrate. The Density Functional Theory (DFT) parameters were intended and exhibited the anti-corrosive characteristics of CEL and NCC polymers. A Monte Carlo (MC) simulation study revealed that CEL and NCC polymers are resolutely adsorbed on the SS316 alloy surface and forming a powerful adsorbed protective layer.

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Tracking the Fine Grinding Process of Limestone Powder by BET Surface Area Measurement.

Journal of the Society of Powder Technology Japan ◽

10.4164/sptj.31.188 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 188-191

Author(s):

Atsushi KAMIYAMA ◽

Sigetoshi ONO ◽

Akira SUGANUMA ◽

Toshitaka HAMADA

Keyword(s):

Surface Area ◽

Limestone Powder ◽

Area Measurement ◽

Bet Surface Area ◽

Grinding Process ◽

Fine Grinding ◽

Surface Area Measurement

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Silica and Silica–Titania Xerogels Doped with Iron(III) for Total Antioxidant Capacity Determination

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14082019 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (8) ◽

pp. 2019

Author(s):

Maria A. Morosanova ◽

Ksenia V. Chaikun ◽

Elena I. Morosanova

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Surface Area ◽

Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Bet Surface Area ◽

Sensor Material ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

Sensor Materials ◽

Ascorbic Acids ◽

Capacity Determination

In order to design a sensor material for total antioxidant capacity determination we have prepared silica and silica–titania xerogels doped with iron(III) and modified with 1,10-phenanthroline. Titanium(IV) tetraethoxyde content in the precursors (titanium(IV) tetraethoxyde and tetraethyl orthosilicate) mixtures has been varied from 0 to 12.5% vol. Iron(III) concentrations in sol has been varied from 1 to 100 mM. The increase of titanium(IV) content has led to a decrease in BET surface area and average pore diameter and an increase of micropore surface area and volume, which has resulted in better iron(III) retention in the xerogels. Iron(III), immobilized in the xerogel matrix, retains its ability to form complexes with 1,10-phenanthroline and to be reduced to iron(II). Static capacities for 1,10-phenanthroline have been determined for all the iron(III) doped xerogels (0.207 mmol/g–0.239 mmol/g) and they are not dependent on the iron(III) content. Sensor materials—xerogels doped with iron(III) and modified with 1,10-phenanthroline—have been used for antioxidants (catechol, gallic and ascorbic acids, and sulphite) solid phase spectrophotometric determination. Limits of detection for catechol, gallic and ascorbic acids, and sulphite equal 7.8 × 10−6 M, 5.4 × 10−6 M, 1.2 × 10−5 M, and 3.1 × 10−4 M, respectively. The increase of titanium(IV) content in sensor material has led to an increase of the reaction rate and the sensitivity of determination. Proposed sensor materials have been applied for total antioxidant capacity (in gallic acid equivalents) determination in soft beverages, have demonstrated high stability, and can be stored up to 6 months at room temperature.

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