scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF THE STEM ROT AT COMPOSITION AND CONTENT OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN LEAVES OF BIRCH (BETULA PENDULA ROTH.)

2019 ◽  
pp. 169-176
Author(s):  
Yevgeniy Vladimirovich Koltunov
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Stem rot cause significant ecological and economic damage to forests. Affected stands are prone to windbreaks and windfalls. Value of wood and stability of stands are reduced. Despite intensive studies of resistance biochemical aspects to rotting diseases, role of phenolic compounds remains insufficiently clarified. The purpose of research was studying composition of phenolic compounds in birch leaves with a significant level of damage to the diameter of the trunk. Stem rot was determined by taking core from trunk. Biochemical composition of leaves determined by HPLC. There are 64 phenolic compounds was revealed. 24 factions identified, 45.83% of compounds in affected trees, content was increased. Flavonoids are prevail (63.64%). In 45.83% of compounds, content decreased. They had predominance of flavonoids (81.82%). All compounds possess antioxidant activity. They contain phenolglycosides, determining entomoresistance (arbutin, salicin, salidroside). The results showed that with significant infestation with rot, there is an increase in the content of phenolic compounds in the leaves, therefore, the biochemical processes of combating oxidative stress are activated. This is due to violation of physiological and biochemical processes in diseased trees.

scholarly journals Phenolic Compounds in Honey and Their Relationship with Antioxidant Activity, Botanical Origin, and Color

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1700
Author(s):  
Ana L. Becerril-Sánchez ◽  
Baciliza Quintero-Salazar ◽  
Octavio Dublán-García ◽  
Héctor B. Escalona-Buendía
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Sensory Characteristics ◽  
Intrinsic Properties ◽  
The Status ◽  
Great Relevance ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Honey has been employed since antiquity due to its sensory, nutritional, and therapeutic properties. These characteristics are related to its physical and chemical composition. For example, phenolic compounds are substances that can determine antioxidant activity, as well as sensory characteristics, and can be employed as biomarkers of floral and geographical origin. This has generated a growing interest in the study of phenolic compounds and their influence in the intrinsic properties of this beekeeping product. This review aims to summarize, analyze, and update the status of the research that demonstrates the role of phenolic compounds in antioxidant activity, botanical-geographical origin, and the sensory characteristics of honey. These phenolic compounds, according to various results reported, have great relevance in honey’s biological and functional activity. This leads to research that will link phenolic compounds to their floral, geographical, productive, and territorial origin, as well as some sensory and functional characteristics.

In Vitro Study of Antioxidant Activity of Serum and Plasma Samples As Well As Glutathione Exposed to Various Exogenous Stress Factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Olszowy-Tomczyk ◽  
Łukasz Paprotny ◽  
Agnieszka Celejewska ◽  
Dorota Szewczak ◽  
Dorota Wianowska
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Exogenous Stress

Abstract The imbalance between the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and their sequestration promotes the formation of so-called oxidative stress conditions which are considered crucial in the aging process and development of many human diseases. Glutathione plays an essential role in the antioxidative barricade against ROS. Its role in the detoxification process of xenobiotics and carcinogen is also known. However, there are no comparative studies on the antioxidant properties of both biological samples and glutathione as well as the change in these properties as a result of exposure to various stress factors. This paper fills this gap comparing the antioxidant activity of serum and plasma samples of the known glutathione content with the activity of glutathione itself assessed by the different methods. In addition, it reveals a significant role of environmental xenobiotics in oxidative stress and differentiates the stress induced by different groups of drugs, among which the greatest one has been demonstrated for antiarrhythmic drugs and cytostatics. More importantly, it proves that human plasma is more resistant to stress factors and N-acetylcysteine clearly promotes the extension of antioxidant properties of both the plasma and serum samples. The latter conclusion is consistent with the implied preventive and/or supportive action of this drug against SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals The histidine phosphotransfer AHP4 plays a negative role in Arabidopsis plant response to drought

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien Van Ha ◽  
Kien Huu Nguyen ◽  
Mohammad Golam Mostofa ◽  
Cuong Duy Tran ◽  
Yasuko Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Function Analysis ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical ◽  
Histidine Phosphotransfer

ABSTRACTCytokinin plays an important role in plant stress responses via a multistep signaling pathway, involving the histidine phosphotransfer proteins (HPs). In Arabidopsis thaliana, the AHP2, AHP3 and AHP5 proteins are known to impact drought responses; however, the role of AHP4 in drought adaptation remains undetermined. In the present study, using a loss-of-function approach we showed that AHP4 possesses a negative regulatory role in Arabidopsis’s response to drought. This is evidenced by both higher survival rates of ahp4 than wild-type (WT) plants under drought conditions, and the down-regulated AHP4 expression in WT during periods of dehydration. Comparative transcriptome analysis of ahp4 and WT plants revealed AHP4-mediated expression of several dehydration- and/or abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive genes involved in regulation of various physiological and biochemical processes important for plant drought acclimation. In comparison with WT, ahp4 plants showed increased wax crystal accumulation in stems, thicker cuticles in leaves, greater sensitivity to exogenous ABA at germination, narrow stomatal apertures, heightened leaf temperatures during dehydration, and longer root length under osmotic stress. Additionally, ahp4 plants showed greater photosynthetic efficiency, lower levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduced electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation, and increased anthocyanin contents under drought, when compared with WT. These differences displayed in ahp4 plants are likely due to up-regulation of genes that encode enzymes involved in ROS-scavenging and non-enzymatic antioxidant metabolism. The role of AHP4 in negative regulation of multiple protective mechanisms associated with drought tolerance could make editing of AHP4 a promising approach for the production of drought-tolerant crop plants.Significance statementLoss-of-function analysis of the cytokinin signaling member AHP4 revealed its function in Arabidopsis adaptation to drought as a negative regulator, affecting various physiological and biochemical processes by modulating the expression of a large set of genes potentially in a crosstalk with ABA. AHP4 and its homologs are promising candidates for gene editing to develop drought-tolerant crop cultivars.

The role of vitamin and mineral complexes in the elimination of oxidative stress and its consequences

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
O. A. Gizinger
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Adaptive Potential ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Therapeutic Practice ◽  
Important Approach ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

A prolonged phase of self-isolation and hypodynamia caused by the coronavirus infection negatively affect most homeostatic reactions in the human body and antioxidant status. The use of vitamin and mineral complexes which contain substances with antioxidant activity are part of a comprehensive correction of antioxidant status and medication-based antioxidant therapy. This direction of general therapeutic practice marks an important approach to overcoming the combined multiple organ pathology, provides effective prevention of morbidity, and contributes to improving the adaptive potential of a person.

scholarly journals Oxidative stress pathways in pancreatic β-cells and insulin-sensitive cells and tissues: importance to cell metabolism, function, and dysfunction

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (3) ◽  
pp. C420-C433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Newsholme ◽  
Kevin N. Keane ◽  
Rodrigo Carlessi ◽  
Vinicius Cruzat
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Causative Role ◽  
Compensatory Response ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Cell Dysfunction ◽  
Clinical Conditions

It is now accepted that nutrient abundance in the blood, especially glucose, leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), ultimately leading to increased oxidative stress in a variety of tissues. In the absence of an appropriate compensatory response from antioxidant mechanisms, the cell, or indeed the tissue, becomes overwhelmed by oxidative stress, leading to the activation of intracellular stress-associated pathways. Activation of the same or similar pathways also appears to play a role in mediating insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, and late diabetic complications. The ability of antioxidants to protect against the oxidative stress induced by hyperglycemia and elevated free fatty acid (FFA) levels in vitro suggests a causative role of oxidative stress in mediating the latter clinical conditions. In this review, we describe common biochemical processes associated with oxidative stress driven by hyperglycemia and/or elevated FFA and the resulting clinical outcomes: β-cell dysfunction and peripheral tissue insulin resistance.

scholarly journals The role of magnetosomes in cellular homeostasis disorder and development of pathology

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 530-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.Y. Iskusnykh ◽  
T.N. Popova
Keyword(s):  
Substantial Effect ◽  
Crystalline Substance ◽  
Cell Homeostasis ◽  
Cellular Homeostasis ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Literature data on magnitosomes, the nanocrystals formed during natural biomineralization have been summarized. Special attention is paid to magnitosome effect on physiological and biochemical processes, impairments of cell homeostasis and development of various pathologies. It is suggested that the increase in quantity and sizes of magnetosomes, spatial rearrangement, and modification of their crystalline substance exert substantial effect on development of pathological processes.

High antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds dampens oxidative stress in Espinosa nothofagi galls induced on Nothofagus obliqua buds

Plant Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 111114
Author(s):  
Lubia María Guedes ◽  
Solange Torres ◽  
Katia Sáez-Carillo ◽  
José Becerra ◽  
Claudia I. Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Nothofagus Obliqua ◽  
High Antioxidant Activity
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