scholarly journals SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN THE CONTENT OF METABOLITES IN LICENSES OF CETRARIA LAEVIGATA AND FLAVOCETRARIA CUCULLATA

2020 ◽  
pp. 211-217
Author(s):  
Il'ya Andreyevich Prokopyev ◽  
Igor' Vital'yevich Sleptsov ◽  
Lena Nikolayevna Poryadina ◽  
Sakhayana Mikhaylovna Rozhina
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Metabolic Profiles ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
The One

Metabolic profiles of lichens Flavocetraria cucullata and Cetraria laevigata were obtained by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, samples of which were taken monthly throughout the year in a pine-lingonberry forest in Central Yakutia. In the obtained metabolic profiles of the studied lichens, 77 metabolites were identified, of which 44 were identified. Among them, 5 polyols, 8 mono- and disaccharides, 8 amino acids, 8 carboxylic acids, 5 fatty acids. On the obtained statistical models, it was shown that the metabolomes of the studied lichens collected from June to August (climatic summer) differed from the samples taken from October to April (climatic winter). It was revealed that in the summer period the accumulation rate of polyols, hydroxyproline and sucrose increased, which is associated, on the one hand, with the activation of photosynthetic processes, and, on the other hand, with resistance to dehydration. While during the climatic winter, an increased accumulation of unsaturated fatty acids and glycerol was observed, which is probably due to the protective functions of these compounds when exposed to low temperatures.

Solvent Extraction and GC-MS Analysis of Sesame Seeds for Determination of Bioactive Antioxidant Fatty Acid/Fatty Oil Components

Drug Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (06) ◽  
pp. 344-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Qadir ◽  
Athar Ali ◽  
Muhammad Arif ◽  
Abdulmohsen Al-Rohaimi ◽  
Satya Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Sesame Seeds ◽  
Fatty Oil ◽  
Oleoyl Chloride

AbstractThe seed kernels of Sesamum indicum L. (family: Pedaliaceae) were extracted with ethanol and yield of components determined by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). The free radical scavenging activities of ethanolic extract against1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were determined by UV spectrophotometer at 517 nm. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of numerous bioactive compounds including steroids, phenolic, terpenoids, fatty acids and different types of ester compounds. The ethanolic extract was purified and analyzed by GC MS.The prevailing compounds found in ethanolic extract were Carvacrol (0.04%),Sesamol (0.11%), 4-Allyl-2-methoxy-phenol(0.04%),Palmitic acid (1.08%), cis-9-Hexadecenal (85.40%), Lineoleoyl chloride (0.52%), Palmitic acid β-monoglyceride (0.40%), Dihydro-aplotaxene (0.61%), Oleoyl chloride (1.11%), (+)-Sesamin (4.73%), 1,3-Benzodioxole, 5-[4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)tetrahydro-1 H,3 H-furo [3,4-c]furan-1-yl], [1 S-(1,3,4,6α.), (2.01%)], 6-Nitrocholest-5-en-3-yl acetate (0.22%), Ergost-5-en-3β-ol (2.35%) and 24-Propylidenecholesterol (0.16%). The presence ofsaturated and unsaturated fatty acids in ethanolicextract justifies the use of this plant to treat many ailments in folk and traditional medicine. Ethanolic extract have shown significant antioxidant activity(IC50120.38±2.8 µg/ml). The presence of phenolic (Sesamol), lignin (Sesamin) compounds and unsaturated fatty acids are reported as possible contributor for antioxidantactivity of seed extract.

scholarly journals The principal magnetic susceptibilities of neodymium sulphate octahydrate at low temperatures

1939 ◽  
Vol 170 (941) ◽  
pp. 266-271 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Constant Factor ◽  
The Other ◽  
Crystalline Field ◽  
Cubic Symmetry ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

The magnetic and other related properties of neodymium sulphate have been the subject of numerous investigations in recent years, but there is still a remarkable conflict of evidence on all the essential points. The two available determinations of the susceptibility of the powdered salt at low temperatures, those of Gorter and de Haas (1931) from 290 to 14° K and of Selwood (1933) from 343 to 83° K both fit the expression X ( T + 45) = constant over the range of temperature common to both, but the constants are not the same and the susceptibilities at room temperature differ by 11%. The fact that the two sets of results can be converted the one into the other by multiplying throughout by a constant factor suggested that the difference in the observed susceptibilities was due to some error of calibration. It could, however, also be due to the different purity of the samples examined though the explanation of the occurrence of the constant factor is then by no means obvious. From their analysis of the absorption spectrum of crystals of neodymium sulphate octahydrate Spedding and others (1937) conclude that the crystalline field around the Nd+++ ion is predominantly cubic in character since they find three energy levels at 0, 77 and 260 cm. -1 .* Calculations of the susceptibility from these levels reproduce Selwood’s value at room temperature but give no agreement with the observations-at other temperatures. On the other hand, Penney and Schlapp (1932) have shown that Gorter and de Haas’s results fit well on the curve calculated for a crystalline field of cubic symmetry and such a strength that the resultant three levels lie at 0, 238 and 834 cm. -1 , an overall spacing almost three times as great as Spedding’s.

scholarly journals Seed Oil of Morinda citrifolia L. as a Surfactant for Deinking Flotation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trismawati Trismawati ◽  
I. N. G. Wardana ◽  
Nurkholis Hamidi ◽  
Mega Nur Sasongko
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Particle System ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
Viscous Force ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Synthetic Surfactant

Surfactants are essential in the pulp recovery process for the removal of ink on paper to be recycled. In order to create a “green” surfactant, seed oil was extracted from Morinda citrifolia L. by Soxhlet extraction for 4–8 h and its composition evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The total ion chromatogram (TIC) of fatty acids of Morinda citrifolia L. (FAMC) indicated that extraction yields the largest amount of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), specifically C19H34O2 and C21H38O2, at 6 h. All FAMC fractions were evaluated for their suitability as a surfactant for deinking flotation. FAMC isolated after 6 h of extraction yields fatty acids that are the most suitable surfactants, as the fraction consists of mostly unsaturated fatty acids that show good interactions with the structure of common ink molecules. Our results show that the performance of the FAMC taken after 6 h of extraction approaches that of a synthetic surfactant (SS). The appropriate viscous force for deinking flotation was found to be 1.5–2.0 × 10−4 mg/mm s2 when the synthetic surfactant is used compared to 1.0–1.5 × 10−4 mg/mm s2 for FAMC. The higher intermolecular bonding strength in the synthetic surfactant-ink particle system requires higher viscous force.

Chemical Alterations in Fish Tissue During Storage at Low Temperatures

1969 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 904-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garnett Wood ◽  
Lane Hintz ◽  
Harold Salwin
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Fish Tissue ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Polyunsaturated Acids

Abstract Chemical changes that occur in the proteins, nucleotides, and lipids of fish tissue during storage at low temperatures were investigated. Homogenized tissue, prepared from fresh rock-fish (striped hass, Roccus species), was stored up to six days at temperatures from -10° to 4°C and then analyzed. At 0°C and below, the solubility of myofibrillar proteins decreased. There were also changes in polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic patterns of protein extracts. The total nucleotide content decreased rapidly at all temperatures. The lipids were extracted from each sample and separated into neutral lipids, phospholipids, and free fatty acids by column chromatography. The fatty acid composition of each fraction was determined by gas chromatography. In the fresh tissue, polyunsaturated acids occurred in greatest proportion in the free fatty acid and phospholipid fractions, whereas inono-unsaturated acids were inofe highly concentrated in the neutral lipids. The percentages of saturated acids were approximately the same in all fractions. During storage, there were considerably larger losses of individual acids from phospholipids than from neutral lipids. The polyunsaturated acids of the phospholipid fraction were affected most. Over 10% of these aeids were lost in six days at ice temperature, but only a small proportion of the losses was accounted for by increases in free fatty acids. Oxidative proo esses may account for the imbalance because the rate of oxidation, as measured by the thio-barbituric acid test, increased with storage temperature in the same manner as the rale at which unsaturated fatty acids were lost from the pliospliolipuls. Losses of polyunsaturated acids from the neutral lipids were much smaller, suggesting a selectively protective mechanism or environment in that fraction. The changes in the phospholipid fatty acids may provide the basis for useful objective tests of fish lecomposilion.

Ozonation of bromide-containing drinking waters:a delicate balance between disinfection and bromate formation

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. von Gunten ◽  
U. Pinkernell
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
Oh Radicals ◽  
Strong Temperature Dependence ◽  
Control Options ◽  
The One ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Ozonation Process

The occurrence of Cryptosporidium in raw waters and bromate formation during ozonation of bromide-containing waters leads to a difficult optimisation of ozonation processes. On the one hand inactivation of Cryptosporidium requires high ozone exposures, on the other hand under these conditions bromate formation is favored. In order to overcome this problem we need information about (i) the oxidant concentrations (ozone and OH radicals) during an ozonation process, (ii) kinetics of the inactivation of Cryptosporidium, (iii) kinetics and mechanism of bromate formation, and (iv) the reactor hydraulics. The strong temperature dependence of the inactivation of Cryptosporidium which results in a higher ozone exposure (time-integrated action of ozone) at low temperatures makes it more difficult to fulfil disinfection and bromate standards at low temperatures. Underthese conditions control options for bromate formation can be applied. Depressionof pH and addition of ammonia have been selected to be the best options. For a given ozone exposure both measures lead to a reduction of bromate formation in the order of 50%.

Effect of unsaturated fatty acids around pupal chambers of Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and Acanthocinus orientalis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) on the number of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae) carried by the beetles

Nematology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 721-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noritoshi Maehara ◽  
Masahiko Tokoro
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pine Wood Nematode ◽  
Monochamus Alternatus ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Pine Trees

Abstract Several chemical compounds, e.g., linoleic and oleic acids, have been reported to be attractive to the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, in previous studies. To examine the effects of fatty acids on the number of nematodes carried by Monochamus alternatus and Acanthocinus orientalis, unsaturated fatty acids (linoleic, oleic and hexadecenoic acids) and saturated fatty acids (palmitic and stearic acids) around the pupal chambers of individual beetles of the two species were analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The number of nematodes carried by individual M. alternatus was large, averaging 1628 (range 2 to 27 200), whilst A. orientalis carried no nematodes. There was no difference in the concentration of linoleic acid around the pupal chambers of M. alternatus and A. orientalis, and the concentration of oleic acid around Monochamus chambers was less than that around Acanthocinus chambers. There were no clear significant relationships between the concentration of linoleic or oleic acids around Monochamus pupal chambers and the numbers of nematodes carried by individual Monochamus beetles emerging from the chambers. It was concluded that the concentration of unsaturated fatty acids around pupal chambers in wilt-killed pine trees could not explain the differences in the numbers of nematodes carried by M. alternatus and by A. orientalis, and the differences in the numbers of nematodes carried by individual Monochamus beetles.

Effect of dietary fat supplements on levels of n-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids,transacids and conjugated linoleic acid in bovine milk

1999 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. W. Offer ◽  
M. Marsden ◽  
J. Dixon ◽  
B. K. Speake ◽  
F. E. Thacker
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Trans Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fat Supplements

AbstractThe effects of three fat supplements on milk yield and composition were measured using 12 mid-lactation in-calf Hoistein-Friesian cows in a balanced incomplete change-over design over three periods each of 3 weeks. All cows received a basal diet consisting of 36 kg/day grass silage (dry matter (DM) 270 g/kg, metabolizable energy (ME) 11·6 MJ/kg DM) and 7 kg/day o f a concentrate mixture containing (g/kg) rolled barley (501), molassed sugar-beet pulp shreds (277), soya-bean meal (208) and a standard cow mineral supplement (14). Treatments were CON (control-no supplement); LIN and FISH (250 gl day of either linseed oil or marine oil, providing approximately 0·046 of ME intake) or TOA (95 glday of tuna orbital oil, providing 0·018 of total ME intake).There were no significant effects on silage DM intake or milk yield (means 9·25 and 17·2 kg/day respectively). The FISH and TOA treatments depressed (F < 0·05) milk fat concentration (45·4, 44·6, 34·5 and 41·6 (s.e.d. 1·08) g/kg for CON, LIN, FISH and TOA respectively; note — the same treatment order is used for all results quoted). Compared with values for CON, yield of f at (glday) was significantly (F < 0·05) greater for LIN and significantly lower for FISH (739, 808, 572 and 732, s.e.d. 28·7). All three oil supplements reduced (F < 0·05) milk protein content (33·6, 32·5, 30·6 and 32·4 (s.e.d. 0·43) g/kg) but, apart from a small increase for LIN, protein yield (glday) was unaffected (545, 586, 510 and 574, s.e.d. 20·2).The concentrations (g/100 g) of short-chain fatty acids (< C14) and C16 : 0 in milk f at were lower (F < 0·05) for LIN than for the other treatments. All supplements increased the concentrations ofC18:1 (F < 0·05), the value for LIN being greater (F < 0·05) than for the other treatments (21·0, 27·2, 25·3 and 23·7, s.e.d. 0·74). The FISH and TOA treatments increased (F < 0·05) the concentrations of long chain (< C2O) (n-3) poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), (0·19, 0·17, 0·49 and 0·27, s.e.d. 0·026) but less than proportionately 0·03 of dietary intake of these acids was transferred to milk, probably because they were found to be mostly in the phospholipid and cholesterol ester fractions of plasma. The FISH and TOA treatments increased (F < 0·05) the percentages of total trans fatty acids in milk fat (1·13, 2·19, 10·26 and 3·62, s.e.d. 0·728) whilst a significant (F < 0·05) increase in conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) was observed only for FISH (0·16, 0·28, 1·55, and 0·52, s.e.d. 0·154). Concentrations of CLA and total trans acids in milk were highly correlated (r = 0·91, no. =36, F < 0·001) whilst trans acids in milk were inversely correlated with milk fat content (r = -0·63, no. = 36, F < 0·001) supporting the theory that milk fat depression may be caused by increased supply of trans fatty acids to the mammary gland. The health implications of these changes in milk fat composition are discussed.

scholarly journals Phospholipid-dependence of oestrone UDP-glucuronyltransferase and p-nitrophenol UDP-glucuronyltransferase

1979 ◽  
Vol 179 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
R H Tukey ◽  
R E Billings ◽  
A P Autor ◽  
T R Tephly
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
The Other ◽  
Glucuronyl Transferase ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Column

Hepatic UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity was resolved into two fractions, one exhibiting oestrone glucuronyltransferase activity and the other exhibiting p-nitrophenol glucuronyltransferase activity. Hydroxyapatite-column chromatography removed greater than 95% of the phospholipids from both preparations. The partially purified delipidated enzymes were essentially devoid of catalytic activity, but activities were restored by the addition of phospholipids or phosphatidylcholine mixtures containing various saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Both oestrone and p-nitrophenol glucuronyl-transferase activities were reconstituted to similar degrees with the phosphatidylcholine mixtures. When purified phospholipids were tested, phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine were most effective in restoring activity, whereas phosphatidylethanolamine was the least effective. These results further suggest that oestrone and p-nitrophenol UDP-glucuronyltransferases are dependent on phospholipids for their activity.

RUMINAL AND FECAL FATTY ACIDS AND APPARENT RATION DIGESTIBILITY IN LAMBS AS AFFECTED BY DIETARY FATTY ACIDS

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Clarke ◽  
W. K. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
The Other ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Ether Extract

Two metabolism experiments were conducted with rumen-fistulated sheep to study effects of increasing dietary levels of unsaturated fatty acids upon ration digestibility and rumen-fluid volatile fatty acids. Apparent digestibility of ration components was not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by diet. However, crude fat digestibility values, which include fecal soap excretion, were 11–19 digestion units lower than comparable ether extract values. When diets high in unsaturated fatty acids were fed, the rumen and fecal levels of these acids were lower than dietary levels, suggesting that hydrogenation of C-18 polyethnoid fatty acids was occurring. Fecal soap excretion was affected very little by dietary unsaturated fatty acids, but stearic acid proportion of fecal soaps increased as the level of dietary unsaturated fatty acids increased. The ratios of acetic to propionic acid gradually decreased as the unsaturated fatty acids of the ration increased in one experiment, but in the other experiment no consistent pattern was observed.

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