Effect of unsaturated fatty acids around pupal chambers of Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and Acanthocinus orientalis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) on the number of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae) carried by the beetles

Nematology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 721-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noritoshi Maehara ◽  
Masahiko Tokoro
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pine Wood Nematode ◽  
Monochamus Alternatus ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Pine Trees

Abstract Several chemical compounds, e.g., linoleic and oleic acids, have been reported to be attractive to the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, in previous studies. To examine the effects of fatty acids on the number of nematodes carried by Monochamus alternatus and Acanthocinus orientalis, unsaturated fatty acids (linoleic, oleic and hexadecenoic acids) and saturated fatty acids (palmitic and stearic acids) around the pupal chambers of individual beetles of the two species were analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The number of nematodes carried by individual M. alternatus was large, averaging 1628 (range 2 to 27 200), whilst A. orientalis carried no nematodes. There was no difference in the concentration of linoleic acid around the pupal chambers of M. alternatus and A. orientalis, and the concentration of oleic acid around Monochamus chambers was less than that around Acanthocinus chambers. There were no clear significant relationships between the concentration of linoleic or oleic acids around Monochamus pupal chambers and the numbers of nematodes carried by individual Monochamus beetles emerging from the chambers. It was concluded that the concentration of unsaturated fatty acids around pupal chambers in wilt-killed pine trees could not explain the differences in the numbers of nematodes carried by M. alternatus and by A. orientalis, and the differences in the numbers of nematodes carried by individual Monochamus beetles.

scholarly journals Hindering of Cariogenic Streptococcus mutans Biofilm by Fatty Acid Array Derived from an Endophytic Arthrographis kalrae Strain

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwa M. Abdel-Aziz ◽  
Tamer Emam ◽  
Marwa M. Raafat
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharide ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Exopolysaccharides Production

Streptococcus mutans has been considered as the major etiological agent of dental caries, mostly due to its arsenal of virulence factors, including strong biofilm formation, exopolysaccharides production, and high acid production. Here, we present the antivirulence activity of fatty acids derived from the endophytic fungus Arthrographis kalrae isolated from Coriandrum sativum against Streptococcus mutans. The chemical composition of the fatty acids was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry GC-MS and revealed nine compounds representing 99.6% of fatty acids, where unsaturated and saturated fatty acids formed 93.8% and 5.8 % respectively. Oleic and linoleic acids were the major unsaturated fatty acids. Noteworthy, the fatty acids at the concentration of 31.3 mg L–1 completely inhibited Streptococcus mutans biofilm, and water insoluble extracellular polysaccharide production in both polystyrene plates, and tooth model assay using saliva-coated hydroxyapatite discs. Inhibition of biofilm correlated significantly and positively with the inhibition of water insoluble extracellular polysaccharide (R = 1, p < 0.0001). Furthermore, Arthrographis kalrae fatty acids at a concentration of 7.8 mg L–1 exhibited acidogenesis-mitigation activity. They did not show bactericidal activity against Streptococcus mutans and cytotoxic activity against human oral fibroblast cells at the concentration used. On the other hand, saliva-coated hydroxyapatite discs treated with sub-minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration of fatty acids showed disturbed biofilm architecture with a few unequally distributed clumped matrices using fluorescence microscopy. Our findings revealed that the intracellular fatty acid arrays derived from endophytic Arthrographis kalrae could contribute to the biofilm-preventing alternatives, specifically Streptococcus mutans biofilms.

scholarly journals Fatty Acid Profile, Tocopherol Content of Seed Oil, and Nutritional Analysis of Seed Cake of Wood Apple (Limonia acidissima L.), an Underutilized Fruit-Yielding Tree Species

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 275
Author(s):  
Shrinivas Lamani ◽  
Konerira Aiyappa Anu-Appaiah ◽  
Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy ◽  
Yaser Hassan Dewir ◽  
Hail Z. Rihan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Seed Cake ◽  
Limonia Acidissima

The present study was aimed at analyzing the fatty acid composition, tocopherols, and physico-chemical characterization of wood apple (Limonia acidissima L.) seed oil and the nutritional profile of seed cake. The fatty acids in seed oil were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the total seed oil was 32.02 ± 0.08%, comprising oleic (21.56 ± 0.57%), alpha-linolenic (16.28 ± 0.29%), and linoleic acid (10.02 ± 0.43%), whereas saturated fatty acid content was 33.38 ± 0.60% including palmitic (17.68 ± 0.65%) and stearic acid (14.15 ± 0.27%). A greater amount of unsaturated fatty acids (52.37%) were noticed compared to saturated fatty acids (33.38%); hence the seed is highly suitable for nutritional and industrial applications. Gamma-tocopherol was present in a higher quantity (39.27 ± 0.07 mg/100 g) as compared to alpha (12.64 ± 0.01 mg/100 g) and delta (3.77 ± 0.00 mg/100 g) tocopherols, which are considered as natural antioxidants. The spectrophotometric technique was used for quantitative analysis of total phenolic content, and it revealed 135.42 ± 1.47 mg gallic acid equivalent /100 g DW in seed cake. All the results of the studied seed oil and cake showed a good source of natural functional ingredients for several health benefits.

scholarly journals Atorvastatin and Fenofibrate Increase the Content of Unsaturated Acyl Chains in HDL and Modify In Vivo Kinetics of HDL-Cholesteryl Esters in New Zealand White Rabbits

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristóbal Flores-Castillo ◽  
María Luna-Luna ◽  
Elizabeth Carreón-Torres ◽  
Victoria López-Olmos ◽  
Sara Frías ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Cholesteryl Esters

Previous studies demonstrated modifications of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) structure and apolipoprotein (apo) A-I catabolism induced by the atorvastatin and fenofibrate combination. However, it remains unknown whether such structural and metabolic changes of HDL were related to an improvement of the HDL-cholesteryl esters (HDL-CE) metabolism. Therefore, we determined the structure of HDL and performed kinetic studies of HDL-CE radiolabeled with tritium in rabbits treated with atorvastatin, fenofibrate, and a combination of both drugs. The atorvastatin and fenofibrate combination increased the HDL size and the cholesterol and phospholipid plasma concentrations of the largest HDL subclasses. Moreover, the relative amount of unsaturated fatty acids contained in HDL increased, in detriment of saturated fatty acids as determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The transfers of cholesteryl esters (CE) from HDL to very low-density lipoproteins/low-density lipoproteins (VLDL/LDL) and vice versa were enhanced with atorvastatin, alone or in combination. Moreover, the direct elimination of CE from plasma via VLDL/LDL decreased with fenofibrate, whereas the direct elimination of CE via HDL augmented with the combination treatment. Taken together, the rise of unsaturated fatty acid content and the size increase of HDL, suggest that atorvastatin and fenofibrate induce more fluid HDL particles, which in turn favor an enhanced CE exchange between HDL and VLDL/LDL. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between the structure and function of HDL during the use of anti-dyslipidemic drugs.

scholarly journals Oil Content and Fatty Acid Composition of the Seeds of 16 Avocado (Persea americana) Accessions Collected From Southern China and Their Application in a Soap Bar

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Yu Ge ◽  
Xiongyuan Si ◽  
Bin Wu ◽  
Xiangshu Dong ◽  
Zining Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Avocado Seed

The avocado (Persea americana), an edible fruit, is one of the main agricultural products in many tropical regions. Avocado fruit is rich in fat, and commercialized for fresh consumption and industrially processed leaving seed as a major residue. Avocado seed from the industry is worthy of attention for certain industrial applications and feasibility. Transforming avocado seed lipids into ecologically friendly or sustainable materials suitable for the cosmetic industry is promising from the perspective of green and environmental protection. The oil contents and fatty acid compositions of the seeds of 16 avocado accessions collected from southern&nbsp;China were investigated, revealing significant differences among most of the accessions. Seventeen fatty acids were identified and quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the seeds of all 16 avocado accessions. Linoleic (40.14%), palmitic (23.54%), and oleic acids (16.23%) were the major fatty acids in the seeds, and the total contents of unsaturated fatty acids in the seeds were all higher than those of saturated fatty acids. The biochemical properties of the avocado seed oils relevant to their application in industrial practice were examined [e.g., the acid (3.74 mg KOH/g oil), iodine (124.09 g I2/100 g oil), peroxide (49.83 meq H2O2), and saponification (167.98 mg KOH/g oil) values]. Furthermore, the bar soap containing avocado seed oil was made, and its physicochemical properties (pH and foamability) were evaluated.

Use of algae from an oasis in Saudi Arabia in production of biofuel and bio-fertilizer

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-531
Author(s):  
Nermin Adel El Semary ◽  
Howrah Mahdi ◽  
Abrar Alnoaim ◽  
Kawther Heji Alsofan ◽  
Sarah Ibrahim Almsthi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Green Alga ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Brown Alga ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Blue Green Alga

AlAhsa oasis in Saudi Arabia is one of the largest oases in the world. Algae, from this region have been under-explored in the past decades. A study was conducted with Chlorococcum strain to produce biofuel alongside the seaweed Hormophysa cuneiformis. Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry of fatty acid composition showed that the biodiesel obtained had limited number of unsaturated fatty acids as compared to the number of saturated fatty acids present, which indicates the stability of the produced biodiesel. Thereby the use of algal biomass for the production of biofuel is feasible. Moreover, the biomass may serve other different biotechnological applications. To further test this hypothesis, the aqueous extract of two different algae; one derived from the blue green alga (cyanobacterium) Phormidium sp. and the other from brown alga Hormophysa cuneiformis was used as liquid biofertiliser at concentrations of 50 and 10% of both algae. Sterilized Vigna seeds were soaked in the extracts for two days. Seeds were sown in sterilized soil and the germination percentage as well as shoot and root lengths were recorded for developing seedlings. The results showed that there was a significant increase in seed germination rate compared to control. Similarly, there was a significant increment in the length of root and root system compared to control with the 50% aqueous extract concentration being highest in growth parameters for brown alga followed by blue-green alga possibly due to the presence of growth stimulants in these extracts.

scholarly journals Herbal Industry Wastes as Potential Materials for Biofuel Production

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Aneta Sienkiewicz ◽  
Alicja Piotrowska-Niczyporuk ◽  
Andrzej Bajguz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction

Due to the increasing awareness of the depletion of fossil fuel resources and environmental issues, biodiesel as alternative fuel has become more and more attractive in the recent years. In this research, the characterization of herbal industry wastes as a potential feedstock for biodiesel production was carried out. There results of analytical identification of the fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) obtained in the transesterification reaction are presented. The reaction conditions were optimized, considering hexane ratio and catalyst concentration (methanol and KOH) for both steps. The FAME were extracted from the herbal samples by ultrasound-assisted extraction and subsequently were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) using single ion monitoring (SIM) method. Additionally, the selected properties of some bioesters were analyzed. This study determined the compounds which are ideal for fuel production. The unsaturated fatty acids were found in higher amounts than saturated fatty acids. Linoleic acid (C18:2n6c) was the major unsaturated fatty acid in herbal wastes, while palmitic acid (16:0) was the major saturated fatty acid. The application of the optimized method also revealed differences in the physical and chemical properties of isolated FAME mixtures compared to conventional diesel fuel. In this research work, for the first time, the possibilities of using the herbal industry wastes as a potential feedstock for biodiesel production are assessed.

scholarly journals Seaweeds as Valuable Sources of Essential Fatty Acids for Human Nutrition

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4968
Author(s):  
Carolina P. Rocha ◽  
Diana Pacheco ◽  
João Cotas ◽  
João C. Marques ◽  
Leonel Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Grateloupia Turuturu ◽  
Red Seaweeds

The overexploitation of terrestrial habitats, combined with the ever-growing demand for food, has led to the search for alternative food sources. The importance of seaweeds as food sources has been growing, and their potential as sources of fatty acids (FA) make seaweeds an interesting feedstock for the food and nutraceutical industries. The aim of this study is to assess the potential of five red seaweeds (Asparagospis armata, Calliblepharis jubata, Chondracanthus teedei var. lusitanicus, Gracilaria gracilis, and Grateloupia turuturu) and three brown seaweeds (Colpomenia peregrina, Sargassum muticum and Undaria pinnatifida), harvested in central Portugal, as effective sources of essential FA for food or as dietary supplements. FA were extracted from the biomass, transmethylated to methyl esters, and analyzed through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. G. gracilis presented the highest content of saturated fatty acids (SFA) (41.49 mg·g−1), whereas C. jubata exhibited the highest content of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) (28.56 mg·g−1); the three G. turuturu life cycle stages presented prominent SFA and HUFA contents. Omega-6/omega-3 ratios were assessed and, in combination with PUFA+HUFA/SFA ratios, it is suggested that C. jubata and U. pinnatifida may be the algae with highest nutraceutical potential, promoting health benefits and contributing to a balanced dietary intake of fatty acids.

DEVELOPMENT OF AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF AVITAMINOSIS F

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
A. Levitsky ◽  
A. Lapinska ◽  
I. Selivanskaya
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
The Body ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Arachidonic Acids

The article analyzes the role of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially omega-3 series in humans and animals. The biosynthesis of essential PUFA in humans and animals is very limited, so they must be consumed with food (feed). Тhe ratio of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFA is very important. Biomembranes of animal cells contain about 30% PUFA with a ratio of ω-6/ ω-3 1-2. As this ratio increases, the physicochemical properties of biomembranes and the functional activity of their receptors change. The regulatory function of essential PUFA is that in the body under the action of oxygenase enzymes (cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase) are formed extremely active hormone-like substances (eicosanoids and docosanoids), which affect a number of physiological processes: inflammation, immunity, metabolism. Moreover, ω-6 PUFA form eicosanoids, which have pro-inflammatory, immunosuppressive properties, and ω-3 PUFAs form eicosanoids and docosanoids, which have anti-inflammatory and immunostimulatory properties. Deficiency of essential PUFA, and especially ω-3 PUFA, leads to impaired development of the body and its state of health, which are manifestations of avitaminosis F. Prevention and treatment of avitaminosis F is carried out with drugs that contain PUFA. To create new, more effective vitamin F preparations, it is necessary to reproduce the model of vitamin F deficiency. An experimental model of vitamin F deficiency in white rats kept on a fat –free diet with the addition of coconut oil, which is almost completely free of unsaturated fatty acids, and saturated fatty acids make up almost 99 % of all fatty acids was developed. The total content of ω-6 PUFA (sum of linoleic and arachidonic acids), the content of ω-3 PUFA (α-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids) in neutral lipids (triglycerides and cholesterol esters) defined. Тhe content of ω-6 PUFA under the influence of coconut oil decreased by 3.3 times, and the content of ω-3 PUFA - by 7.5 times. Тhe influence of coconut oil, the content of ω-6 PUFA decreased by 2.1 times, and the content of ω-3 PUFA - by 2.8 times. The most strongly reduces the content of ω-3 PUFA, namely eicosapentaenoic, coconut oil, starting from 5 %. Consumption of FFD with a content of 15 % coconut oil reduces the content of eicosapentaenoic acid to zero, ie we have an absolute deficiency of one of the most important essential PUFAs, which determined the presence of vitamin F deficiency.

EFFECT OF GINGER, LEMURU FISH OIL SAPONIFICATION AND OLIVE OIL ON COMPOSITION FATTY ACID OF BEEF

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Siwitri Kadarsih
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6

The objective was to get beef that contain unsaturated fatty acids (especially omega 3 and 6), so as to improve intelligence, physical health for those who consume. The study design using CRD with 3 treatments, each treatment used 4 Bali cattle aged approximately 1.5 years. Observations were made 8 weeks. Pasta mixed with ginger provided konsentrat. P1 (control); P2 (6% saponification lemuru fish oil, olive oil 1%; rice bran: 37.30%; corn: 62.70%; KLK: 7%, ginger paste: 100 g); P3 (lemuru fish oil saponification 8%, 2% olive oil; rice bran; 37.30; corn: 62.70%; KLK: 7%, ginger paste: 200 g). Konsentrat given in the morning as much as 1% of the weight of the cattle based on dry matter, while the grass given a minimum of 10% of the weight of livestock observation variables include: fatty acid composition of meat. Data the analyzies qualitative. The results of the study showed that the composition of saturated fatty acids in meat decreased and an increase in unsaturated fatty acids, namely linoleic acid (omega 6) and linolenic acid (omega 3), and deikosapenta deikosaheksa acid.Keywords : 

Differential Effects of Dietary Fatty Acids on Body Composition and Adiposity

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Emamat ◽  
Zahra Yari ◽  
Hossein Farhadnejad ◽  
Parvin Mirmiran
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Total Body

Recent evidence has highlighted that fat accumulation, particularly abdominal fat distribution, is strongly associated with metabolic disturbance. It is also well-recognized that the metabolic responses to variations in macronutrients intake can affect body composition. Previous studies suggest that the quality of dietary fats can be considered as the main determinant of body-fat deposition, fat distribution, and body composition without altering the total body weight; however, the effects of dietary fats on body composition have controversial results. There is substantial evidence to suggest that saturated fatty acids are more obesogen than unsaturated fatty acids, and with the exception of some isomers like conjugate linoleic acid, most dietary trans fatty acids are adiposity enhancers, but there is no consensus on it yet. On the other hand, there is little evidence to indicate that higher intake of the n-3 and the n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids can be beneficial in attenuating adiposity, and the effect of monounsaturated fatty acids on body composition is contradictory. Accordingly, the content of this review summarizes the current body of knowledge on the potential effects of the different types of dietary fatty acids on body composition and adiposity. It also refers to the putative mechanisms underlying this association and reflects on the controversy of this topic.

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