STUDY OF THE ACCUMULATION DYNAMICS AND LOCALIZATION OF 9,13-EPOXYLABDANES IN THE VEGE-TATIVE ORGANS OF INTRODUCED PLANTS OF THE GENUS LAGOCHILUS

Extracts of the plant Lagochilus inebrians Bunge (Lamiaceae) are used as sedatives, antihypertensive and anti-allergic agents, and to stop bleeding. The main active ingredients of this plant are diterpenoids of the 9-13-epoxylabdanes series, as well as some alkalides. Not rational use of stocks of wild Lagohilus has led to the fact that this plant is currently included in the Red Book. Currently, work is underway to introduce this plant species. Therefore, the study of the dynamics of accumulation and localization of 9,13-epoxylabdans in the vegetative organs of introduced and wild plants of the genus Lagochilus (Lamiaceae) is of interest in terms of collecting the plant for use as a medicinal raw material, for the systematics of data on the accumulation of diterpenoids in the vegetative organs of the plant, for their use. in practical terms, the preparation of diterepenoids and their modification is an urgent task. Some systematic chemical studies of plants of the genus Lagochilus (Lamiaceae) were carried out by the school of Academician A.S. Sadykov. As a result of studying 10 plants of the species Lagochilus (Lamiaceae), more than 20 new diterpenoids of the labdan series were isolated. All of them are natural derivatives of the diterpene alcohol lagochilin. Their structure and configuration were established using IR, PMR and mass spectroscopy, as well as by synthesis from lagochilin or transformation into lagochilin. By studying the composition of diterpenoids of an introduced and wild plant of the genus Lagochilus, it was shown that the main diterpenoids of the 9-13-epoxylabdans series, exhibiting the main biological activity: lagochiline and its acetyl derivatives, accumulate mainly in the leaves and calyx of the plant in August, which is also consistent with some literature data. data. For isolation, extraction methods were used with various solvents. The methods of thin layer chromatography and spectroscopic research methods such as IR, PMR and mass spectrometry were used for identification.

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Mycolysis of wood, its products and their use. IV. Component analysis of mycologically destroyed wood

FORESTRY BULLETIN ◽

10.18698/2542-1468-2021-5-85-96 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. 85-96

Author(s):

G.N. Kononov ◽

◽

A.N. Verevkin ◽

Yu.V. Serdyukova ◽

V.D. Zaitsev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brown Rot ◽

Component Composition ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Raw Material ◽

White Rot ◽

Birch Wood ◽

Wide Range ◽

Extractive Substances ◽

Carbohydrate Components ◽

Derivatives Of

The article is devoted to the study of the component composition of mycologically destroyed wood. As a result of wood mycolysis under the action of wood-destroying fungi enzymes, so-called «rot» is formed with a chemical composition different from healthy wood. It is noted that the «brown rot» of wood is enriched with lignin components of wood and «white rot» with carbohydrate components of wood. The results of analyses of ligno-carbohydrate complexes of spruce wood «brown rot», birch wood «white rot» and a group study of low-molecular compounds isolated by extraction methods with various solvents are presented. It is noted that the content of lignin in the sample of «brown rot» wood is four times higher than in the sample of «white rot». It is shown that birch wood with «white rot» is significantly enriched with cellulose. The chemical nature of some groups of extractive substances has been revealed. In the extracts of mycologically destroyed wood, substances of phenolic, alcoholic and quinone nature were found. The presence of derivatives of aromatic and aliphatic carbonyl and carboxyl compounds is noted. Among the products of mycolysis, carbohydrates, flavanoids and terpenoids have been identified. Based on the analysis, an assumption is made that mycologically destroyed wood contains a wide range of phenolic and carbohydrate compounds contained both in the original wood and in the spores and hyphae of wood-destroying fungi themselves. The idea is substantiated that the study of extractive substances of mycologically destroyed wood makes it possible to predict possible directions of the prospective use of this raw material for obtaining target products. This article is the fourth in the cycle «Wood mycolysis, its products and their use», the previous ones were published in the journal «Forestry Bulletin», 2020, v. 24, no. 2, 6; v. 25, no. 1.

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Wild plants of Pavlodar region as potential sugar substitutes

BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES OF KAZAKHSTAN ◽

10.52301/1684-940x-2021-3-8-15 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 8-15

Author(s):

Baymurzina B.Zh. ◽

Tarasovskaya N.E. ◽

Khasanova Z.M. ◽

Khasanova L.A.

Keyword(s):

Higher Plants ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Raw Material ◽

Wild Plants ◽

Traditional Food ◽

Introduced Plants ◽

Maximum Benefit ◽

Northern Regions ◽

Everyday Problems

The northern regions of Kazakhstan, including the Pavlodar region, are distinguished by a rich and diverse nature, combining floodplain, steppe and forest landscapes. More than 500 species of wild higher plants grow in our region, and many of them can be used as food. However, the problem of using regional wild plants for food has not yet been sufficiently studied. However, plants serve not only as a direct source of food, but also as a technological raw material for processing traditional food products – to obtain original taste qualities and maximum benefit. With the help of wild plants, you can solve many everyday problems-both at home and in the field conditions. Keywords: wild plants, technology, raw materials, introduced plants

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Comparative Analysis of Lycorine in Wild Plant and Callus Culture Samples ofHymenocallis littoralisby HPLC-UV Method

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2014/408306 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sreeramanan Subramaniam ◽

Jeevandran Sundarasekar ◽

Geethaa Sahgal ◽

Vikneswaran Murugaiyah

Keyword(s):

Tissue Culture ◽

Callus Culture ◽

Analytical Method ◽

Reversed Phase ◽

Raw Material ◽

Wild Plants ◽

Wild Plant ◽

Root Extract ◽

Minute Amount ◽

2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

TheHymenocallis littoralis, an ornamental and medicinal plant, had been traditionally used for wound healing. In the present study, an analytical method using HPLC with ultraviolet detection was developed for the quantification of lycorine in the extracts of different parts of wild plant and tissue culture samples ofH. littoralis. The separation was achieved using a reversed-phase column. The method was found to be accurate, repeatable, and sensitive for the quantification of minute amount of lycorine present in the samples. The highest lycorine content was found in the bulb extract (2.54±0.02 μg/mg) whereas the least was in the root extract (0.71±0.02 μg/mg) of the wild plants. Few callus culture samples had high content of lycorine, comparable to that of wild plants. The results showed that plant growth regulators, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) alone at 4.5 μM (2.58±0.38 μg/mg) or a combination of 2,4-D at 9.00 μM with 4.5 μM of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), were the optimum concentrations for the production of high lycorine (2.45±0.15 μg/mg) content in callus culture. The present analytical method could be of value for routine quantification of lycorine in the tissue culture production and standardization of the raw material or extracts ofH. littoralis.

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Anthocyanins: Chemical Properties and Health Benefits: A Review

Current Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.2174/1573401317999210101150652 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

Author(s):

Siraj Salman Mohammad ◽

Renata Oliveira Santos ◽

Maria Ivone Barbosa ◽

José Lucena Barbosa Junior

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Health Benefits ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

The Body ◽

Raw Material ◽

Extraction Properties ◽

Therapeutic Properties ◽

Food Processes ◽

Shed Light

: Anthocyanins are widely spread in different kinds of food, especially fruits and floral tissues, there is an extensive range of anthocyanin compounds reach more than 600 exist in nature. Anthocyanins can be used as antioxidants and raw material for several applications in food and pharmaceutical industry. Consequently, a plenty of studies about anthocyanins sources and extraction methods were reported. Furthermore, many studies about their stability, bioactive and therapeutic properties have been done. According to the body of work, we firstly worked to shed light on anthocyanin properties including chemical, antioxidant and extraction properties. Secondly, we reported the applications and health benefits of anthocyanin including the applications in food processes and anthocyanin characteristics as therapeutic and prophylactic compounds. We reviewed anticancer, anti-diabetic, anti-fatness, oxidative Stress and lipid decreasing and vasoprotective effects of anthocyanins. In conclusion, because the importance of phytochemicals and bioactive compounds the research is still continuing to find new anthocyanins from natural sources and invest them as raw materials in the pharmaceutical and nutrition applications.

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Shoot Multiplication and Callus Induction of Labisia pumila var. alata as Influenced by Different Plant Growth Regulators Treatments and Its Polyphenolic Activities Compared with the Wild Plant

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26113229 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (11) ◽

pp. 3229

Author(s):

Mat Yunus Najhah ◽

Hawa Z. E. Jaafar ◽

Jaafar Juju Nakasha ◽

Mansor Hakiman

Keyword(s):

Callus Induction ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Shoot Multiplication ◽

Wild Plants ◽

Wild Plant ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Nodal Segment ◽

Ms Medium ◽

In Vitro Plantlets

This study aims to investigate whether the in vitro-cultured L. pumila var. alata has higher antioxidant activity than its wild plant. An 8-week-old L. pumila var. alata nodal segment and leaf explants were cultured onto Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with various cytokinins (zeatin, kinetin, and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP)) for shoot multiplication and auxins (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and picloram) for callus induction, respectively. The results showed that 2 mg/L zeatin produced the optimal results for shoot and leaf development, and 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D produced the highest callus induction results (60%). After this, 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D was combined with 0.25 mg/L cytokinins and supplemented to the MS medium. The optimal results for callus induction (100%) with yellowish to greenish and compact texture were obtained using 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D combined with 0.25 mg/L zeatin. Leaves obtained from in vitro plantlets and wild plants as well as callus were extracted and analyzed for their antioxidant activities (DPPH and FRAP methods) and polyphenolic properties (total flavonoid and total phenolic content). When compared with leaf extracts of in vitro plantlets and wild plants of L. pumila var. alata, the callus extract displayed significantly higher antioxidant activities and total phenolic and flavonoid content. Hence, callus culture potentially can be adapted for antioxidant and polyphenolic production to satisfy pharmaceutical and nutraceutical needs while conserving wild L. pumila var. alata.

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Quantum-Chemical Search for Keto Tautomers of Azulenols in Vacuo and Aqueous Solution

Symmetry ◽

10.3390/sym13030497 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 497

Author(s):

Ewa D. Raczyńska

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Quantum Chemical ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Deprotonation Reaction ◽

Chemical Studies ◽

Quantum Chemical Studies ◽

Scanty Information ◽

Derivatives Of ◽

Common Anion ◽

Tautomeric Mixture

Keto-enol prototropic conversions for carbonyl compounds and phenols have been extensively studied, and many interesting review articles and even books appeared in the last 50 years. Quite a different situation takes place for derivatives of biologically active azulene, for which only scanty information on this phenomenon can be found in the literature. In this work, quantum-chemical studies have been undertaken for symmetrically and unsymmetrically substituted azulenols (constitutional isomers of naphthols). Stabilities of two enol (OH) rotamers and all possible keto (CH) tautomers have been analyzed in the gas phase {DFT(B3LYP)/6-311+G(d,p)} and also in aqueous solution {PCM(water)//DFT(B3LYP)/6-311+G(d,p)}. Contrary to naphthols, for which the keto forms can be neglected, at least one keto isomer (C1H, C2H, and/or C3H) contributes significantly to the tautomeric mixture of each azulenol to a higher degree in vacuo (non-polar environment) than in water (polar amphoteric solvent). The highest amounts of the CH forms have been found for 2- and 5-hydroxyazulenes, and the smallest ones for 1- and 6-hydroxy derivatives. The keto tautomer(s), together with the enol rotamers, can also participate in deprotonation reaction leading to a common anion and influence its acid-base properties. The strongest acidity in vacuo exhibits 6-hydroxyazulene, and the weakest one displays 1-hydroxyazulene, but all azulenols are stronger acids than phenol and naphthols. Bond length alternation in all DFT-optimized structures has been measured using the harmonic oscillator model of electron delocalization (HOMED) index. Generally, the HOMED values decrease for the keto tautomers, particularly for the ring containing the labile proton. Even for the keto tautomers possessing energetic parameters close to those of the enol isomers, the HOMED indices are low. However, some kind of parallelism exists for the keto forms between their relative energies and HOMEDs estimated for the entire molecules.

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Influence of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles on Two Terrestrial Wild Plant Species

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10020335 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 335

Author(s):

Daniel Lizzi ◽

Alessandro Mattiello ◽

Alessio Adamiano ◽

Guido Fellet ◽

Emanuele Gava ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerium Oxide ◽

Plant Species ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Wild Plants ◽

Wild Plant ◽

Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Wild Plant Species ◽

Leaf Tissues

Most current studies on the relationships between plans and engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are focused on food crops, while the effects on spontaneous plants have been neglected so far. However, from an ecological perspective, the ENMs impacts on the wild plants could have dire consequences on food webs and ecosystem services. Therefore, they should not be considered less critical. A pot trial was carried out in greenhouse conditions to evaluate the growth of Holcus lanatus L. (monocot) and Diplotaxis tenuifolia L. DC. (dicot) exposed to cerium oxide nanoparticles (nCeO2). Plants were grown for their entire cycle in a substrate amended with 200 mg kg−1nCeO2 having the size of 25 nm and 50 nm, respectively. nCeO2 were taken up by plant roots and then translocated towards leaf tissues of both species. However, the mean size of nCeO2 found in the roots of the species was different. In D. tenuifolia, there was evidence of more significant particle aggregation compared to H. lanatus. Further, biomass variables (dry weight of plant fractions and leaf area) showed that plant species responded differently to the treatments. In the experimental conditions, there were recorded stimulating effects on plant growth. However, nutritional imbalances for macro and micronutrients were observed, as well.

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Obtaining Bioactive Compounds from the Coffee Husk (Coffea arabica L.) Using Different Extraction Methods

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26010046 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 46

Author(s):

Mariana de Oliveira Silva ◽

John Nonvignon Bossis Honfoga ◽

Lorena Lucena de Medeiros ◽

Marta Suely Madruga ◽

Taliana Kênia Alencar Bezerra

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Water Bath ◽

Raw Material ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Total Phenolic Compounds ◽

Ethanol Mixture ◽

Coffee Husk ◽

Coffea Arabica L

Coffee husks (Coffea arabica L.) are characterized by exhibiting secondary metabolites such as phenolic compounds, which can be used as raw material for obtaining bioactive compounds of interest in food. The objective of this study is to evaluate different methods for obtaining the raw material and extracting solutions of bioactive compounds from coffee husks. Water bath and ultrasound-assisted extraction methods were used, using water (100%) or ethanol (100%) or a mixture of both (1:1) as extracting solutions and the form of the raw material was in natura and dehydrated. The extracts were evaluated by their antioxidant potential using DPPH radicals, ABTS, and iron reduction (ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)), and later total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, and condensed tannins were quantified the phenolic majority compounds were identified. It was verified that the mixture of water and ethanol (1:1) showed better extraction capacity of the compounds with antioxidant activity and that both conventional (water bath) or unconventional (ultrasound) methods showed satisfactory results. Finally, a satisfactory amount of bioactive compounds was observed in evaluating the chemical composition (total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, condensed tannins, as well as the analysis of the phenolic profile) of these extracts. Corroborating with the results of the antioxidant activities, the best extracting solution was generally the water and ethanol mixture (1:1) using a dehydrated husk and water bath as the best method, presenting higher levels of the bioactive compounds in question, with an emphasis on chlorogenic acid. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of coffee husk as raw material to obtain extracts of bioactive compounds is promising. Last, the conventional method (water bath) and the water and ethanol mixture (1:1) stood out among the methods and extracting solutions used for the dehydrated coffee husk.

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TYRAMINE, HISTAMINE, AND TRYPTAMINE CONTENT OF CHEESE

Journal of Milk and Food Technology ◽

10.4315/0022-2747-37.7.377 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 37 (7) ◽

pp. 377-381 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

M. N. Voigt ◽

R. R. Eitenmiller ◽

P. E. Koehler ◽

M. K. Hamdy

Keyword(s):

Cheddar Cheese ◽

The United States ◽

Quantitative Information ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Blue Cheese ◽

Physiological Importance ◽

Fluorescence Measurements ◽

Soft Cheese ◽

Layer Chromatography ◽

Derivatives Of

Because of the increasing knowledge of the physiological importance of biologically active amines in man and the importance of the presence of these amines in cheese, this study was done to obtain quantitative information for tyramine, tryptamine, and histamine in cheese available in the United States. The tyramine, histamine, and tryptamine contents of 156 samples of cheese purchased at retail stores were quantitated by thin-layer chromatography and fluorescence measurements of NBD-chloride derivatives of the amines. Tyramine was found in 81 of 85 Cheddar cheese samples examined. Extra-sharp, sharp, and medium Cheddar cheese samples contained average tyramine values of 0.27, 0.21, and 0.24 mg/g, respectively. Average tyramine contents were lower in mild and processed Cheddar (0.09 and 0.11 mg/g, respectively). The highest Cheddar cheese tyramine content was 0.7 mg/g. Tyramine was consistently found in all cheeses except in unripened soft cheese (Cottage). Histamine concentrations varied from nondetectable amounts to 2.6 mg/g in a Sap-Sago cheese sample. Twenty-four Cheddar cheese samples contained histamine with the highest amount being 1.3 mg/g. A domestic Blue cheese contained 2.3 mg/g. Tryptamine was uniformly low or completely absent in the Cheddar cheese samples. The highest tryptamine concentration (1.1 mg/g) was detected in a Blue cheese.

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Effect of temperature on acid hydrolysis of Jerusalem artichoke as raw material for ethanol production

Acta periodica technologica ◽

10.2298/apt1344279r ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 279-287 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Radojka Razmovski ◽

Vesna Vucurovic ◽

Uros Miljic ◽

Vladimir Puskas

Keyword(s):

Hold Time ◽

Jerusalem Artichoke ◽

Raw Material ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Industrial Biotechnology ◽

Microbial Conversion ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Theoretical Yield ◽

Renewable Raw Material ◽

Layer Chromatography

Jerusalem artichoke (JA) is a low-requirement crop, which does not interfere with food chain, and is a promising carbon source for industrial fermentation. Microbial conversion of such a renewable raw material to useful products, such as ethanol, is an important objective in industrial biotechnology. In this study, ethanol was efficiently produced from the hydrolyzates of JA obtained at different pH values (pH 2.5, pH 3.0 and pH 3.5), temperature (120, 130, 132 and 134?C) and hold time (30 and 60 min) by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The efficient degradation of JA by HCl under certain experimental conditions was confirmed by thin-layer chromatography. Ethanol concentration of 7.52% (w/w), which corresponds to 93.89 % of the theoretical yield is achieved by ethanol fermentation of JA hydrolyzate obtained at pH 2.5.

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