Methodological issues and the impact of age stratification on the proportion of participants with low appendicular lean mass when adjusting for height and fat mass USING LINEAR REGRESSION: RESULTS FROM THE CANADIAN LONGITUDINAL STUDY ON AGING

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
A.J. Mayhew ◽  
S.M. Phillips ◽  
N. Sohel ◽  
L. Thabane ◽  
P.D. McNicholas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Appendicular Lean Mass ◽  
Residual Values ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Age Stratification

Background: Using residual values calculated from models regressing appendicular lean mass on fat mass and height is one of several suggested strategies for adjusting appendicular lean mass for body size when measuring sarcopenia. However, special consideration is required when using this technique in different subgroups in order to capture the correct individuals as sarcopenic. Objectives: To provide guidance about how to conduct stratified analyses for the regression adjustment technique using age groups as an example. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Data collected at baseline (2012-2015) for the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Participants: Community dwelling participants of European descent aged 45 to 85 years (n=25,399). Measurements: Appendicular lean mass, height, and weight were measured. Sex-specific residuals were calculated in participants before and after stratifying participants by age group (45-54, 55-64, 65-74, 75-85 years). Cut offs corresponding to the sex-specific 20th percentile residual values in participants ≥65 years were determined first in the residuals calculated in all participants and residuals calculated in only those aged ≥65 years. For each set of cut offs, the percentage of age and sex-stratified participants with low appendicular lean mass were compared for the residuals calculated in all participants and the residuals calculated after stratifying by age. Results: In 12,622 males and 12,737 females, regardless of the cut off used, the percentage of participants with low appendicular lean mass decreased with age when residuals were calculated after age stratification. When the residuals were calculated in all participants, the percentage of participants with sarcopenia increased from the youngest to the oldest age groups. Conclusions: Sex-specific residuals in all participants should be calculated prior to stratifying the sample by age group, or other stratification variables, for the purposes of developing appendicular lean mass cut offs or subgroup analyses.

scholarly journals The Impact of Age on Negative Emotional Reactions, Compliance With Health Guidelines, and Knowledge About the Virus During the COVID-19 Epidemic: A Longitudinal Study From Israel

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 215013272098154
Author(s):  
Inbar Levkovich
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Perceived Susceptibility ◽  
Phase Study ◽  
The Impact

In a longitudinal study we examined the impact of age on negative emotional reactions, compliance with health guidelines and knowledge about the virus during the COVID-19 epidemic. A total of 2509 people participated in a two-phase study: 1424 participants in the first phase (March 12-21) and 1085 participants in the second phase (April 23 to May 5). Age was categorized into 4 groups: age 18 to 30, age 31 to 40, age 41 to 50, and age 51 and over. In the first and second phase, compliance with health guidelines was highest among participants over the age of 50. Knowledge was significantly higher in the second phase than in the first among participants over age 50 and those between the ages of 40 and 50. In the second phase, knowledge did not differ by age group. Negative emotional reactions were significantly higher in the first phase than in the second. Moreover, negative emotional reactions were higher among participants up to age 30 than among all other participants. Perceived susceptibility did not differ by phase or by age group. The paper underscores the impact of age during the COVID-19 epidemic and points to the necessity of taking the needs of different age groups into consideration.

Reference Values of Total Lean Mass, Appendicular Lean Mass, and Fat Mass Measured with Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry in a Healthy Mexican Population

2016 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 462-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Clark ◽  
Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez ◽  
Regina Ambrosi ◽  
Pawel Szulc ◽  
Rodolfo Rivas-Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fat Mass ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Mexican Population ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Appendicular Lean Mass

scholarly journals Vaccine impact and effectiveness of meningococcal serogroup ACWY conjugate vaccine implementation in the Netherlands: a nationwide surveillance study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milou Ohm ◽  
Susan J M Hahné ◽  
Arie van der Ende ◽  
Elizabeth A M Sanders ◽  
Guy A M Berbers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Vaccination Programme ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Mass Campaign ◽  
Conjugate Vaccination ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background In response to the recent serogroup W invasive meningococcal disease (IMD-W) epidemic in the Netherlands, meningococcal serogroup C (MenC) conjugate vaccination for 14-month-olds was replaced with a MenACWY conjugate vaccination, and a mass campaign targeting 14-18 year-olds was executed. We investigated the impact of MenACWY vaccination implementation in 2018-2020 on incidence rates and estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE). Methods We extracted all IMD cases diagnosed between July 2014 and December 2020 from the national surveillance system. We calculated age group-specific incidence rate ratios by comparing incidence rates before (July 2017-March 2018) and after (July 2019-March 2020) MenACWY vaccination implementation. We estimated VE in vaccine-eligible cases using the screening method. Results Overall, IMD-W incidence rate lowered by 61% (95%CI 40-74). It declined by 82% (95%CI 18-96) in vaccine-eligible age group (15-36 month-olds and 14-18 year-olds) and by 57% (95%CI 34-72) in vaccine non-eligible age groups. VE was 92% (95%CI -20-99.5) against IMD-W vaccine-eligible toddlers. No IMD-W cases were reported in vaccine-eligible teenagers after the campaign. Conclusions The MenACWY vaccination programme was effective in preventing IMD-W in the target population. The IMD-W incidence reduction in vaccine non-eligible age groups may be caused by indirect effects of the vaccination programme. However, disentangling natural fluctuation from vaccine-effect was not possible. Our findings encourage the use of toddler- and teenager MenACWY vaccination in national immunization programmes especially when implemented together with a teenager mass campaign during an epidemic.

scholarly journals Pedestrian Mortality Trends In Children Over Four Decades In Transitional Lithuania

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Birutė Strukčinskienė ◽  
Robert Bauer ◽  
Sigitas Griškonis ◽  
Vaiva Strukčinskaitė
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Young People ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Road Users ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the study was to examine the long-term trends in pedestrian mortality for children (aged 0 to 14 years) and young people (aged 15 to 19 years) over four decades in transitional Lithuania. Methods. Road traffic fatality data were obtained from Statistics Lithuania and the Archives of Health Information Centre. Trends were analysed by linear regression using “Independence” as a slopechanging intervention in 1991 and population as a further explanatory factor in structural time series models. Results. The impact of the interventions, along with the reforms and changes related with the Independence, on pedestrian fatality trends in our time series model was found highly statistically significant for children 0 to 14 years (p<0.001) and still significant for young people 15 to 19 years (p<0.05). No significant impact on the trend of road traffic deaths was found for the “control-groups” of non-pedestrian road users in the age group 0 to 14 years and adult pedestrians (over 19 years of age). For the age group 15 to 19 years the effect of reforms was also significant for non-pedestrians (p<0.05). These results indicate that the effect of measures and changes used in the post-independence period was more specific in children that participated in road traffic as pedestrians than in adult pedestrians, or in nonpedestrian road users. Conclusions. Pedestrian deaths in Lithuania fell significantly in the age groups 0-14 and 15-19 years. A declining trend was found in road traffic fatalities and in pedestrian deaths in transitional Lithuania in the post-independence period. Socioeconomic and political transformations, systematic reforms in healthcare along with sustainable preventive measures may have contributed to this decrease. Targeted road safety measures were road traffic regulations, pedestrian education and environmentally based prevention measures. As child pedestrians are the most vulnerable group of road users, continued road safety education and promotion are recommended in order to maintain this trend, and to involve adult pedestrians in this development.

scholarly journals Sex differences in non-communicable disease prevalence in China: a cross-sectional analysis of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study in 2011

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. e017450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Liu ◽  
Guofeng Liu ◽  
Hongjiang Wu ◽  
Weiyan Jian ◽  
Sarah H Wild ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Chronic Lung Disease ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional

ObjectivesTo describe the sex differences in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in adults aged 45 years or older in China.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingNationally representative sample of the Chinese population 2011.Participants8401 men and 8928 women over 45 years of age who participated in the first wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS).Outcome measuresSelf-reported data on overall health and diagnosis of hypertension, dyslipidaemia, diabetes, heart disease, stroke, chronic lung disease, cancer or arthritis. Sex differences in NCDs were described using logistic regression to generate odds ratios (OR) with adjustment for sociodemographic factors and health-related behaviours. All analyses were stratified by age group for 45–64-year-old and ≥65-year-old participants.ResultsIn both age groups, men reported better overall health than women. The crude prevalence of heart disease, cancer and arthritis was higher while that of stroke and chronic lung disease was lower in women than in men. After adjustment, ORs (95% CI) for the 45–64 and ≥65 year age groups were 0.70 (0.58 to 0.84) and 0.66 (0.54 to 0.80), respectively, for arthritis for men compared with women. In contrast, ORs were 1.66 (1.09 to 2.52) and 2.12 (1.36 to 3.30) for stroke and 1.51 (1.21 to 1.89) and 1.43 (1.09 to 1.88) for chronic lung disease for men compared with women. ORs for heart disease (0.65 (0.52 to 0.80)) were lower in men than in women only in the 45–64 year age group.ConclusionsOdds of arthritis were lower while those of stroke and chronic lung disease were higher in men than in women in both age groups. However, odds of heart disease were lower in men than in women, but only in the group of individuals aged 45–64 years.

Severity of Cerebral Palsy—The Impact of Associated Impairments

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (02) ◽  
pp. 120-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronka Horber ◽  
Asma Fares ◽  
Mary Jane Platt ◽  
Catherine Arnaud ◽  
Ingeborg Krägeloh-Mann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Walking Ability ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Intellectual Impairment ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Birth Weight Group ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective This article describes associated impairments in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and its subtypes. Method Children born between 1990 and 2006 recorded in the Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe common database were studied. An “impairment index” characterized severity of impairments and their combinations. Results Amongst the 11,015 children analyzed, 56% (n = 5,968) could walk unaided, 54% (4,972) had normal or near-normal intellect (intelligence quotient ≥ 70). Except for ataxic CP, associated impairments were less frequent when walking ability was preserved. The impairment index was low (walking unaided and normal or near-normal intellect) in 30% of cases; 54% (n = 1,637) in unilateral spastic, 24% (n = 79) in ataxic, 18% (n = 913) in bilateral spastic, and 7% (n = 50) in dyskinetic CP. Around 40% had a high impairment index (inability to walk and/or severe intellectual impairment ± additional impairments)—highest in dyskinetic (77%, n = 549) and bilateral spastic CP (54%, n = 2,680). The impairment index varied little in birth weight and gestational age groups. However, significantly fewer cases in the birth weight group ≤ 1,000 g or gestational age group ≤ 27 weeks had a low impairment index compared to the other birth weight and gestational age groups (23 and 24% vs. between 27 and 32%). Conclusion Thirty percent of the children with CP had a low impairment index (they were able to walk unaided and had a normal or near-normal intellect). Severity in CP was strongly associated to subtype, whereas the association was weak with birth weight or gestational age.

scholarly journals Trends in Poliovirus Seroprevalence in Kano State, Northern Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S103-S109
Author(s):  
Harish Verma ◽  
Zubairu Iliyasu ◽  
Kehinde T Craig ◽  
Natalie A Molodecky ◽  
Utibeabasi Urua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Parental Consent ◽  
Population Immunity ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Kano state has been a protracted reservoir of poliovirus in Nigeria. Immunity trends have been monitored through seroprevalence surveys since 2011. The survey in 2015 was, in addition, intended to assess the impact of use of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV). Methods It was a health facility based seroprevalence survey. Eligible children aged 6-9, 12-15 and 19-22 months of age brought to the paediatrics outpatient department of Murtala Mohammad Specialist Hospital between 19 October and 6 November 2015, were screened for eligibility. Eligible children were enrolled after parental consent, history taken, physical examination conducted, and a blood sample collected to test for neutralizing antibody titres against the three poliovirus serotypes. Results Overall, 365 results were available in the three age groups. In the 6-9-month-old age group, the seroprevalence was 73% (95% confidence interval [CI] 64-80%), 83% (95% CI 75-88%), and 66% (95% CI 57-73%) for serotypes 1, 2, and 3, respectively. In the 12-15- and 19-22-month-old age groups, seroprevalence was higher but still remained <90% across serotypes. Seroprevalence to serotypes 1 and 3 in 2015 was similar to 2014; however, for serotype 2 there was a significant improvement. IPV received in supplemental immunization activities was found to be a significant predictor of seropositivity among 6-9-month-old infants for serotypes 1 and 2. Conclusions Seroprevalence for serotypes 1 and 3 remains low (<80%) in 6-9-month-olds. This poses a significant risk for poliovirus spread if reintroduced into the population. Efforts to strengthen immunization coverage are imperative to secure and sustain high population immunity.

scholarly journals Treatment Trends, Complications, and Effects of Comorbidities on Distal Radius Fractures

Hand ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
William P. Mosenthal ◽  
Haroutioun H. Boyajian ◽  
Sandra A. Ham ◽  
Megan A. Conti Mica
Keyword(s):  
Distal Radius ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Distal Radius Fractures ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Radius Fractures ◽  
Treatment Type ◽  
Closed Treatment ◽  
Open Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Background: Distal radius fractures (DRFs) are the most common upper extremity fractures in adults. This study seeks to elucidate the impact age, fracture type, and patient comorbidities have on the current treatment of DRFs and risk of complications. We hypothesized that comorbidities rather than age would relate to the risk of complications in the treatment of DRFs. Methods: A retrospective review of data was performed for patients treated between 2007 and 2014 using Truven Health MarketScan Research Databases. Patients who sustained a DRF were separated into “closed” versus “open” treatment groups, and the association between patient demographics, treatment type, and comorbidities with complication rates was analyzed, along with the trend of treatment modalities throughout the study time interval. Results: In total, 155 353 DRFs were identified; closed treatment predominated in all age groups with the highest percentage of open treatment occurring in the 50- to 59-year age group. Between 2007 and 2014, there was an increase in the rate of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) in all age groups <90 with the largest increase (11%) occurring in the 70- to 79-year age group. Higher complication rates were observed in the open treatment group in all ages <90 years with a trend toward decreasing complication rates as age increased. Comorbidities were more strongly associated with the risk of developing complications than age. Conclusions: Closed treatment of DRFs remains the predominant treatment method among all age groups, but DRFs are increasingly being treated with ORIF. Emphasis on the patients’ comorbidities rather than chronological age should be considered in the treatment decision-making process of elderly patients with DRFs.

Nuclear War: Fear of Children and Adolescents

1990 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-4
Author(s):  
Neville J King ◽  
Kate Ollier ◽  
Eleonora Gullone
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Psychological Development ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Nuclear War ◽  
Fear Survey Schedule ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTUsing an extended fear survey schedule, 72 per cent of a sample of 8 to 16 year old children and adolescents in Australia reported a lot of fear of nuclear war. Although a high proportion of respondents in all age groups expressed a lot of fear of nuclear war, significantly more respondents in the middle age group (11-13 years) were found to be afraid. Consistent with the findings on children's fears in general, significantly more females than males reported fear of nuclear war. Further research should be undertaken on the impact of the fear of nuclear war on the psychological development of children and adolescents.

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