scholarly journals O Risco da Utilização de Produtos Cosméticos Falsificados / The Risk of Using Counterfeit Cosmetic Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (57) ◽  
pp. 407-420
Author(s):  
Laureane Monteiro Silva ◽  
Ana Carolina Ferreira ◽  
Samyr Machado Querobino
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Exponential Rate ◽  
Product Label ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Health Agencies ◽  
Counterfeit Products ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Beauty Products

Resumo: A indústria de cosméticos possui grande destaque na economia brasileira e mundial. Esse setor está crescendo em ritmo exponencial e no ano de 2018 faturou 109,7 bilhões de reais. O Brasil ocupa o quarto lugar no ranking de países que mais consomem produtos e serviços de beleza. Devido ao custo dos produtos comercializados por grandes empresas, uma parcela dos consumidores opta por comprar produtos falsificados disponíveis no mercado paralelo, expondo a sua saúde a riscos, uma vez que os produtos vendidos de forma ilegal não são fiscalizados pelas agências sanitárias e estes podem conter desde microrganismos patogênicos a produtos tóxicos.  O presente estudo tem por objetivo realizar um levantamento bibliográfico sobre a segurança e os riscos associados a produtos cosméticos falsificados. Para isso foram analisadas publicações na literatura referentes ao tema proposto, com escolhas de artigos nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol publicados em periódicos como Scielo, Google Acadêmico e PubMed entre os anos de 2005 a 2021. Foram encontrados relatos de presença de microrganismos patogênicos, metais pesados e possíveis reações adversas que os cosméticos falsificados podem causar. Os cosméticos falsificados representam grande risco para a saúde humana, uma vez que não possuem certificação e muitas das vezes o rótulo do produto não condiz com o que realmente é encontrado nos produtos.  Abstract: The cosmetics industry has great prominence in the Brazilian and world economy. This sector is growing at an exponential rate and in 2018 it had revenues of 109.7 billion reais. Brazil occupies fourth place in the ranking of countries that consume the most beauty products and services. Due to the cost of products sold by large companies, a portion of consumers chooses to buy counterfeit products available on the parallel market, exposing their health to risks, since products sold illegally are not inspected by health agencies and these may contain from pathogenic microorganisms to toxic products. This study aims to carry out a literature review on the safety and risks associated with counterfeit cosmetic products. For this, publications in the literature referring to the proposed topic were analyzed, with choices of articles in Portuguese, English and Spanish published in journals such as Scielo, Academic Google and PubMed between the years 2005 to 2021. Reports of the presence of pathogenic microorganisms were found, heavy metals and possible adverse reactions that counterfeit cosmetics can cause. Counterfeit cosmetics pose a great risk to human health, since they do not have certification and often the product label does not match what is actually found on the products.

Neuroscience20 (BRAIN20, SPINE20, and MENTAL20) Health Initiative: A Global Consortium Addressing the Human and Economic Burden of Brain, Spine, and Mental Disorders Through Neurotech Innovations and Policies

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-39
Author(s):  
Kevin Morris ◽  
Mohammad Nami ◽  
Joe F. Bolanos ◽  
Maria A. Lobo ◽  
Melody Sadri-Naini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fast Tracking ◽  
The World ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Neurological disorders significantly impact the world’s economy due to their often chronic and life-threatening nature afflicting individuals which, in turn, creates a global disease burden. The Group of Twenty (G20) member nations, which represent the largest economies globally, should come together to formulate a plan on how to overcome this burden. The Neuroscience-20 (N20) initiative of the Society for Brain Mapping and Therapeutics (SBMT) is at the vanguard of this global collaboration to comprehensively raise awareness about brain, spine, and mental disorders worldwide. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the various brain initiatives worldwide and highlight the need for cooperation and recommend ways to bring down costs associated with the discovery and treatment of neurological disorders. Our systematic search revealed that the cost of neurological and psychiatric disorders to the world economy by 2030 is roughly $16T. The cost to the economy of the United States is $1.5T annually and growing given the impact of COVID-19. We also discovered there is a shortfall of effective collaboration between nations and a lack of resources in developing countries. Current statistical analyses on the cost of neurological disorders to the world economy strongly suggest that there is a great need for investment in neurotechnology and innovation or fast-tracking therapeutics and diagnostics to curb these costs. During the current COVID-19 pandemic, SBMT, through this paper, intends to showcase the importance of worldwide collaborations to reduce the population’s economic and health burden, specifically regarding neurological/brain, spine, and mental disorders.

scholarly journals Are "Clean" Cosmetic Products Really Clean? A Pilot Study on the Validity of Cosmetic Labeling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeannie H. Phan ◽  
Khine K. Kyaw ◽  
Julia K. Tan ◽  
Emily Q. Lam ◽  
Cheng-Kuan Lin
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Labeling System ◽  
Inform Decision Making ◽  
Beauty Products

Abstract Background As a result of increased demand for environmental and health-conscious cosmetics, retailers have increasingly marketed their products using terms such as “clean” or "non-toxic". Sephora, a popular beauty retailer, implemented a clean seal system to label and promote their products. This study aims to compare the toxicity concerns of clean vs. non-clean products by using the Environmental Working Group (EWG)'s Skin Deep framework. Methods EWG’s Skin Deep Framework was used to rank products based on their cancer, allergy and immunotoxicity, developmental and reproductive toxicity, and use-restriction concerns, with lower scores indicating a cleaner product (ranging 0–10). The distributions of EWG scores among clean and non-clean products were investigated and stratified by different types of products (i.e. fragrance, hair, makeup, or skincare). A multivariable linear regression model was further applied to evaluate the association between EWG scores and clean seals, adjusting by types of products, level of toxicity concerns. Results 356 products were screened, including 180 (50.56%) clean products and 176 (49.44%) non-clean products. Clean products yielded a higher percentage of low hazard ingredients compared to non-clean products. EWG scores are positively correlated with the levels of toxicity concern for cancer, allergy and immunotoxicity, respectively. Clean products are also associated with a lower EWG score by 0.71 in the regression model. Fragrance products are most hazardous, with a 2.42 increase in EWG score. Conclusions Products under the binary “clean beauty” labeling system at Sephora may not necessarily capture the nuances of EWG’s ten-point scoring system and various dimensions of health concerns. It may be insufficient for consumers to solely rely on the presence of the clean seal when purchasing beauty products. Consulting multiple frameworks and sources to inform decision-making is crucial in addressing knowledge gaps. Further research and increased data availability from EWG’s database are necessary as well as public education on the application of Sephora’s clean seal.

scholarly journals The Policy Implications of the Cost Structure of Home Health Agencies

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. E1-E24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Mukamel ◽  
Richard Fortinsky ◽  
Alan White ◽  
Charlene Harrington ◽  
Laura White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Home Health ◽  
Cost Structure ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Health Agencies ◽  
Home Health Agencies ◽  
The Cost

scholarly journals AMOXYCILLIN FOR COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA IN CHILDREN

2017 ◽  
pp. 52-55
Author(s):  
A. B. MALAKHOV ◽  
N. G. KOLOSOVA
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Haemophilus Influenza ◽  
Cost Of Treatment ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Beta Hemolytic Streptococcus ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Cost

The majority of respiratory diseases have viral etiology, and they do not require antibacterial therapy since it does not affect the course of the disease, does not reduce the incidence of bacterial complications. The causes of tonsillitis, epiglottitis, pneumonia are bacterial pathogens, such as Streptococcus pyogenes (group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus), Streptococcus pneumoniae,Haemophilus influenza, S. aureus and Moraxella catarrhalis. Home treatment of children remains a global challenge, as it may be the cause of an unfavorable outcome in young children, and, therefore, the issues of diagnostics and rational antibiotic therapy are still relevant. Irrational use of antibiotics can promote growth of resistance of bacterial pathogens, increase the frequency of adverse reactions of therapy and increase the cost of treatment

QUALITY CONTROL COMMITTEE LABORATORY OF THE MINNEAPOLIS-ST. PAUL MARKET1

1970 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 316-318
Author(s):  
Roy E. Ginn
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Steering Committee ◽  
University Of Minnesota ◽  
Health Agencies ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The University ◽  
Milk Market

The Quality Control Committee laboratory is a unique organization which was started approximately 32 years ago by Dr. Harold Macy of the University of Minnesota. The dairy industry operates a laboratory which does most of the official testing for the health agencies in the Minneapolis-St. Paul market. With higher costs of operations many health agencies are trying to find ways of saving money, and still have a satisfactory laboratory program to protect the public's health. Some health agencies are using industry laboratories, and the cost is passed on to the customer rather than the taxpayer. The laboratory functions are to evaluate the quality of the raw milk supply from 4238 Grade A producers, and the finished products from 17 processing plants. The laboratory also does the official butterfat testing for the Federal Milk Market Administrator for Order 68. This organization is supervised by a Steering Committee of nine individuals who represent the University of Minnesota; the producer cooperatives, who supply the raw milk; and the Grade A fluid milk processors from the Minneapolis-St. Paul market. All of the routine results from the laboratory are provided to the health agencies. The health agencies and laboratory manager have a close working relationship to coordinate the program. In order for an organization like this to work, it takes cooperation from all parties involved.

Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Benzaldehyde1

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 11-27 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Dermal Irritation ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Rats And Mice

Benzaldehyde is an aromatic aldehyde used in cosmetics as a denaturant, a flavoring agent, and as a fragrance. Currently used in only seven cosmetic products, its highest reported concentration of use was 0.5% in perfumes. Benzaldehyde is a generally regarded as safe (GRAS) food additive in the United States and is accepted as a flavoring substance in the European Union. Because Benzaldehyde rapidly metabolizes to Benzoic Acid in the skin, the available dermal irritation and sensitization data demonstrating no adverse reactions to Benzoic Acid were considered supportive of the safety of Benzaldehyde. Benzaldehyde is absorbed through skin and by the lungs, distributes to all well-perfused organs, but does not accumulate in any specific tissue type. After being metabolized to benzoic acid, conjugates are formed with glycine or glucuronic acid, and excreted in the urine. Little acute toxicity was seen. The oral LD50 of Benzaldehyde in rats and mice ranged from 800 to 2850 mg/kg. The intraperitoneal LD50 in white rats was 3265 mg/kg. In short-term oral studies, the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) was 400 mg/kg in rats and mice. In subchronic oral studies, the NOAEL was 400 mg/kg in rats and 600 mg/kg in mice. In a 16-week feeding study, rats given up to 10,000 ppm showed no signs of toxicity. Repeated inhalation of volatilized Benzaldehyde produced ocular and nasal irritation at 500 ppm and death in rabbits at 750 ppm. Undiluted Benzaldehyde was irritating to rabbit eyes, causing edema, erythema, and pain. Benzaldehyde was determined not to be a contact sensitizer, but did produce allergic reactions in a maximization test. Clinical reports of allergy to Benzaldehyde are rare. Benzoic Acid did not produce irritation or sensitization reactions in human clinical studies. Benzoic Acid also failed to produce reactions in phototoxicity and photosensitization tests. Neither Benzaldehyde, Benzoic Acid, nor Sodium Benzoate are reproductive or developmental toxicants at doses that are non-toxic to the mother. In a behavioral study, blood levels of 0.12 ng/ml Benzaldehyde produced a 44% reduction in motor activity in mice. Benzaldehyde did not produce mutations in bacterial assays, but did produce chromosomal abnormalities in Chinese hamster cells and increased mutations in a mouse lymphoma forward mutation assay. Benzaldehyde was evaluated by the National Toxicology Program, which found no evidence of carcinogenicity in rats, and some evidence of carcinogenicity in mice. Several studies have suggested that Benzaldehyde can have carcinostatic or antitumor properties. Overall, at the concentrations used in cosmetics, Benzaldehyde was not considered a carcinogenic risk to humans. Although there are limited irritation and sensitization data available for Benzaldehyde, the available dermal irritation and sensitization data and ultraviolet (UV) absorption and phototoxicity data demonstrating no adverse reactions to Benzoic Acid support the safety of Benzaldehyde as currently used in cosmetic products.

scholarly journals The Journal and the Bulletin

1983 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 125-125
Author(s):  
J. L. Crammer
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Scientific Journal ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
International Medical ◽  
University Libraries ◽  
Commercial Publisher ◽  
Health Agencies ◽  
The World ◽  
College Work ◽  
The Cost

Every member of the College is entitled to these two monthlies, which go all over the world, since about a quarter of the membership is overseas. While the Bulletin is predominantly about College work and membership activities, and goes only to the membership, the Journal is an international medical-scientific journal with a circulation also among non-member subscribers worldwide, particularly among university libraries, medical schools and governmental health agencies. Because of this extensive sale, and because the Journal is published by the College instead of by a commercial publisher such as Blackwell or Macmillan (as are many journals), the money coming in is enough to finance the whole publishing operation. This is particularly so since the editors and assessors give their time and expertise entirely without fees, in some cases amounting to many hours a week of honorary labour, although all the editors (for instance) are also in clinical practice. The financial effect is that not one penny of a member's subscription goes to the production and mailing of these two journals to members, indeed, some of the Journal's ‘profit’ can be applied to reducing the cost of other College publications, which are often sold at a loss.

scholarly journals The Importance of Halal Product Label to Building Customer Trust

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
Emi Widya Yusuf ◽  
Rita Komaladewi ◽  
Yuyus Suryana Sudarma
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Consumer Trust ◽  
Product Label ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Round Shape ◽  
Customer Trust

The survey, conducted by the Research Institute for Food, Drugs and Cosmetics –The Council of Indonesian Ulama (MUI) shows that there are still some consumers who pay less attention to the existence of the halal label on cosmetics products, whereas it indicates the halal status of a product. The better understanding of the religion makes Muslim consumers selective in choosing the product to be consumed. This study is aimed at determining the effect of the halal product label of Mustika Ratu cosmetic products on consumer trust in Bandung City. The research sample consists of 115 female Muslims in Bandung who actively use MustikaRatu cosmetic products. The sampling technique in this study is purposive sampling. The data collection was conducted using questionnaires. The data analysis in this research is descriptive and verification analysis using Partial Least Square (PLS) approach with Smart-PLS 3.0. The results of this study illustrate that the halal product label has a positive and significant effect on consumer trust. It is proven from the finding of this research that the existence of halal product label in green and round shape with the writings of halal in Arabic and the Council of Indonesian Ulama, attached to the packaging, affects customer trust.

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