scholarly journals Knowing, Proposing and Acting: Epistemological Aspects of Medical Practice in the New Millennium.

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Rafael Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Medical Practice ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
Health It ◽  
Concept Of Disease ◽  
Scientific Societies ◽  
Concept Of Health ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Rational Thought ◽  
Object Of Knowledge ◽  
New Millennium

In this work, it is analysed how the medical practice is imbued with Cartesian rational thought as well as empiricist thought and it is stated that medicine is an art and is science. It is proposed that the object of knowledge of the medical practice is not the concept of disease but health. It is from the concept of health and normality that medical taxonomy labels individuals as sick. This taxonomy is frequently re-evaluated and reorganized by scientific societies. This sometimes occurs according to new knowledge, but this categorization may also be questioned due to direct intervention or indirect pressure related to interests, especially economic, that are sometimes not clearly visible. Accordingly, an ongoing discussion is needed to keep the medical practice neutral against struggles of interest derived from the health industry. These topics must be considered and debated in medical schools including undergraduate and postgraduate programs.

scholarly journals Towards Corporate Wellness: Health Culture and Wellness Programs

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Mazur ◽  
Marta Mazur-Małek
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Culture ◽  
Wellness Programs ◽  
Health And Wellness ◽  
Health It ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Corporate Wellness ◽  
Concept Of Health ◽  
Company Culture ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Health Promoting

AbstractThe aim of the article is to present wellness programs as means leading to the creation of culture of health in organizations. The notion of culture of health is becoming increasingly important for companies as statistics show that the number of health-related work problems is steadily increasing. As a result, labor costs are systematically increasing. To tackle this problem, companies began to introduce health and wellness programs to improve the psychophysical health of their employees. The article includes an overview of the concept of health-promoting company culture. It also identifies factors determining its success among employees, defines factors that limit employee participation and presents good practices for disease prevention through employee-oriented programs. This article is based on a literature review, including both: literature and statistical data available in official data bases. In many cases, research confirms the usefulness of wellness programs in the process of building a corporate culture of health. It also shows factors limiting the usability of such programs, which leads to companies being able to develop and improve.

YOUR DOCTOR IS NOT IN, BY JANE M. ORIENT

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-317
Author(s):  
J. F. L.
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Practice Guidelines ◽  
Clinton Administration ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
Improve Quality ◽  
Ear Infection ◽  
Medical Graduates ◽  
The Government

The government has signed a contract to pay $850,000 for development of "practice guidelines" and "protocols" to tell doctors how to treat an ear infection, a $20 problem. If the Clinton administration has its way, there will be protocols for the treatment of virtually every ailment. Yet there is no evidence that protocols save money or improve quality. Nurses, for instance, outperform protocols in deciding how to treat abdominal pain. So why aren't doctors raising a cry of alarm? Many have been browbeaten into submission, or have discovered that it's easier to play the game than to buck the system. But also, a different type of person is entering medical practice these days. Although the evidence is largely anecdotal, Dr. Orient says that the best students are avoiding medical schools and the schools are lowering their standards. (In 1990, 16% of medical graduates flunked the national boards, compared with 9% in 1984.)

Securing Health-Effective Medicine in Practice

2013 ◽  
pp. 35-50
Author(s):  
Rupert Whitaker
Keyword(s):  
Critical Theory ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Complex Interventions ◽  
Medical Model ◽  
Care Patient ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Royal Infirmary ◽  
British Government ◽  
Managed Health Care ◽  
Concept Of Health

The movement for public participation in medical practice and its governance (‘participative medicine’) lacks an understanding of the historical and theoretical contexts within which it has emerged. This paper discusses the problems with physician-centred medicine (previously called ‘the medical model’), administrator-centred medicine (‘managed health-care’), patient-centred medicine, and participative medicine. The concept of health-effectiveness of medical services is emphasised as fundamental in an applied, critical theory of medical practice that equates health-effectiveness with pro-social medical services. The critical theory provides a framework for understanding the movement’s purpose, its misuse by consumerist methods, and the problems when medicine is delivered by pro-market or provider-centred systems, as shown most notably in the Bristol Royal Infirmary Inquiry by the British government. The paper outlines the Tuke Institute model of health-effective services, secured by participative medical practice and its governance and integrated with translational science. Together, the Tuke Institute model and the critical theory provide a scientific framework by which to determine the health-effectiveness of different models of practice through properly scientific research, indicating the necessity of studying models of practice as complex interventions.

Health in the Early Modern Philosophical Tradition

Health ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 180-221
Author(s):  
Gideon Manning
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Health It ◽  
Normative Concept ◽  
System P ◽  
Concept Of Health ◽  
Good State ◽  
Medicine And Philosophy ◽  
Mind And Body

This chapter examines the connections between medicine and philosophy in the seventeenth century with a particular focus on Anne Conway, Rene Descartes, and thinkers influenced by Descartes such as Henricus Regius, Jacques Rohault, and Johannes De Raey. It is shown that, despite the strong dualism associated with Descartes, thinkers of the period were very interested in the close connections between body and mind. One problem confronting these thinkers was how to reconcile their mechanistic, anti-teleological understanding of bodies with the normative concept of health. It is also shown that Descartes was intensely concerned with using philosophy to achieve a good state of both mind and body, a project shared by medical authors who adopted the Cartesian system.

Poems in the Information Jungle - How Do Physicians Survive?

2011 ◽  
pp. 166-175
Author(s):  
Allen F. Shaughnessy ◽  
David C. Slawson ◽  
Joachim E. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Lifelong Learners ◽  
Medical Environment ◽  
Postgraduate Educational ◽  
Scientific Achievements

The days when newly graduated doctors were well equipped with the knowledge and information they would need during a lifetime are long since gone. Today’s clinicians’ knowledge becomes almost as rapidly outdated as the analysts’ forecasts on the stock market. Tsunamis of new articles reporting scientific achievements flood the shorelines of current knowledge. Modern physicians need to be lifelong learners in order to adapt to the rapidly evolving medical environment. But how can physicians survive in the information jungle? What are the tools they need to weave a fabric of best medical practice that is woven from the relevant scientific knowledge and the detailed information about the patients’ preferences? Are medical schools and the postgraduate educational systems preparing doctors for this?

The state of ethical-legal oaths in UK medical practice today: Is it time to look at standardising?

2016 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 200-202
Author(s):  
RL Atenstaedt
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
Hippocratic Oath ◽  
The State ◽  
Rite Of Passage ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Electronic Survey ◽  
The Uk

The taking of an ethical-legal oath is a “rite of passage” for many medical practitioners. A 1997 paper noted that half of medical schools in the UK administer an oath. I performed a survey of UK medical schools to see whether these are still used today. An electronic survey was sent to 31 UK medical schools, asking them whether the Hippocratic Oath (in any version) was taken by their medical students; non-respondents were followed up by telephone. Information was obtained from 21 UK medical schools, giving a response rate of 68% (21/31). A total of 18 (86%) institutions use an oath. Ethical-legal oaths are therefore taken in the vast majority of UK medical schools today. However, a great variety are used, and there are advantages in standardisation. My recommendation is that the Standard Medical Oath of the UK (SMOUK) is adopted by all medical schools, and that this is also taken regularly by doctors as part of revalidation.

scholarly journals Género y juventus: primeras médicas argentinas que honraron el género desde su juventud: actuales implicancias

2010 ◽  
pp. 371
Author(s):  
Larisa Ivon Carrera Fernández ◽  
Alberto Enrique D'Ottavio Cattani
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
University Education ◽  
Clear Link ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
De Medicina

Uno de los campos en los que la ligazón entre género y juventud resulta notoria es el de la educación universitaria. Considerando previamente lo ocurrido a nivel latinoamericano, se destacan las vidas de las primeras médicas argentinas (Cecilia Grierson, Elvira Rawson Guiñazú, Adelma Gossweiler, Francisca Montaut y María Beljover) quienes, en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX y en la primera del siglo XX, se sobrepusieron a obstáculos para su matriculación, cursado y egreso en las Facultades de Medicina así como para su condicionada práctica médica, excediendo este quehacer y bregando en favor de varios derechos femeninos. Su evocación adquiere actuales implicancias.<br /><br />University education is a field exhibiting a clear link between gender and youth. As concern former Latin American experiences, the first Argentinean medical women (Cecilia Grierson, Elvira Rawson Guiñazú, Adelma Gossweiler, Francisca Montaut and María Beljover) should be considered. During a period running from the second half of the XIX century to the first half of the XX century, they managed to overcome drawbacks dealing with matriculation, their study and qualification in medical schools as well as with their conditioned medical practice. They also struggled for many feminine rights. Their evocation acquires current implications.<br /><br />

Understanding Innovation Processes

2011 ◽  
pp. 1525-1535
Author(s):  
Sue Newell
Keyword(s):  
Medical Practice ◽  
Knowledge Integration ◽  
New Products ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Innovation Project ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
It Innovation ◽  
Practice Knowledge

Knowledge integration is a process whereby several individuals share and combine their information to collectively create new knowledge (Okhuysen & Eisenhardt, 2002). Here we are interested in knowledge integration in the context of innovation project teams tasked with developing a new product or organizational practice. Knowledge integration is crucial in relation to innovation, since innovation depends on the generation of new ideas (new knowledge) that leads to the development of new products or organizational practices. Knowledge integration, rather than simply knowledge per se, is important for innovation because it is not simply the possession of new knowledge that will create success in terms of improved practice or new products, but rather, the ability to integrate knowledge across groups and organizations (Gibbons et al., 1994). This is especially the case in relation to radical innovation, which depends on involvement of an increasingly dispersed range of professional groups and organizations (Powell, Koput, & Smith-Doerr, 1996). For example, in the medical domain there are an increasing number of breakthroughs in scientific and technical knowledge that could drastically change medical practice. Achieving such breakthroughs, however, does not necessarily result in performance improvements in medical practice. Major pharmaceutical companies take, on average, 11 years and a minimum of one-third of $1 billion to bring a drug to market, and over 90% of development processes fail (CMR International, 2000). Similarly, in relation to major transformational IT innovation projects in organizations, many do not just fall short of meeting cost, functionality, and scheduling targets, but actually fail outright (Johnson, 1995).

Walking the swards: medical education and the rise and spread of the botanical field class

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. ALLEN
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Living State ◽  
Informal Approach

Physic gardens expressly for teaching medical students to recognise herbs in the living state originated in northern Italy in 1543 and became a facility to which Europe's leading universities increasingly aspired. In default of one, the practice arose of taking students into the countryside instead; but that depended on there being a teacher who was also a keen field botanist. In the seventeenth century Paris, London and Edinburgh replaced Montpellier and Basle as the principal centres of this more informal approach, which eventually had one or two commercial imitators as well. When stricter qualifications governing medical practice in Britain induced a great expansion of medical schools there after 1815 student excursions were taken in Scotland to new heights of popularity and ambitiousness. Having originated in a need to protect future practitioners from being duped by their suppliers, field classes ended up by generating the publication of floras, a market for botanical collecting equipment and, above all, a simpler model for local associations of naturalists which liberated them from an inherited organisational straitjacket.

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