scholarly journals The Avoiding Manoeuvre Against Aggregated Group of Obstacles Moving Around the Airplane

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Jerzy Graffstein
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Typical Case ◽  
The Other ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Characteristic Parameters ◽  
Moving Obstacles ◽  
Evasive Manoeuvre ◽  
Group Aggregation ◽  
Moving Obstacle

Successful avoidance of a mid air collision with moving obstacles depends on solutions of some most essential problems, e.g.: quick detection of an obstacle, verification whether detected obstacle is a critical one and making right decision on evasive manoeuvre. This decision – making process requires an appropriate identification of a threat’s nature, including whether detected obstacles should be treated as one aggregated group. Aggregation of obstacles moving in short distance one to the other is a typical case. The paper addresses also the case of inclusion the obstacle to the group objects moving in longer distances one to the other. The algorithm used for deciding whether a moving obstacle should be added to (aggregated with) a given group has been presented. A method for computing its characteristic parameters has been presented too. Selected scenarios of avoiding the aggregated group of moving obstacles have been simulated and results obtained illustrates problems considered.

scholarly journals Gender-wise contribution in carbon management by high himalayan ethnic group of Gatlang VDC, Rasuwa, Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashila Deshar ◽  
Madan Koirala
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Fuel Wood ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Carbon Management ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
Participation In Decision Making ◽  
Major Decision

In mountainous country Nepal having large populations of culturally unique indigenous peoples poses threats of glaciers retreat and resource bases change. The indigenous people living in mountain plays the major role in carbon management. Further, the role and responsibilities of men and women varies differently in natural resource conservation and management. However, their participation in decision-making and benefit sharing is poor. The majority of women have unequal access to productive resources and decision-making process. Therefore, study on gender based agro-pastoral activities, their contribution on carbon management and decision-making process were carried out in Tamang ethnic group of Gatlang VDC of Rasuwa district, Nepal. For the purpose, 30 households were selected purposively. Similarly, four focus group discussions were carried out among the separate group of women, men and group consisting both men and women. Carbon management types: input carbon and output carbon activities were studied on men and women. In total, 23 different agro-pastorals related activities were found, among them 57% of work were supported by women, 39% by both men and women, and 4% by men only. With respect to fuel-wood, in average, 10 kg per day fuelwood is necessary for one household. The use of biomass for cooking emits chocking smoke and causes indoor air pollution. All these disadvantages lead to carbon emission which might lead to health deterioration of women by increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases and respiratory disorders. The average fuel-wood requirement was found to be 840 kg/capita/year which are found to be higher than the other physiographic regions of Nepal. This is due to use of fuel-wood as only source of energy in the study area. Out of total respondent, it was observed that 30% literate men allow their wife to make joint decision on the major household issues. Similarly, 3% literate women respondents took the major decision by their own or jointly with their husbands. On the other hand, 30% illiterate men and 37% illiterate women either didn’t allow their wife or don’t participate in major decision-making process. Further, it is revealed from the chi square test that literacy plays major role in decision making (x2 = 5.625, df =1, p=0.017). Similarly, educated women actively join together with their husband in decision making. Moreover, women have high contribution in carbon input and output activities. Therefore, the women education should be promoted to make their equal and strong participation in decision making, which ultimately contribute in carbon input and output activities, through their greater roles in livestock husbandry and fuel-wood management relative to men. Further, importance of women’s role in carbon management should be given greater prominence.

Situation Awareness and the Decision-Making Process in a Dynamic Situation: Avoiding Collisions at Sea

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Chauvin ◽  
J. P. Clostermann ◽  
Jean-Michel Hoc
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
The Other ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Secondary Importance ◽  
Training Course ◽  
Training Facility ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

In this study, the authors aim to determine the impact of situation awareness (SA) in the decision-making process of “young” watch officers of a Merchant Marine training facility. The trainees were shown an ambiguous interaction situation in which they could choose among several actions. The results show that Level 1 SA (perception of the elements in the environment) tends to be of secondary importance in decision making. The major variables of the decision-making process are the interpretation of the rules and anticipation of the other vessel's intentions. Moreover, four different trainee “profiles” emerged. The main difference between them lies in the distance at which they decided to change course, the direction of this maneuver (port or starboard), the way in which they interpreted the other vessel's intentions (is it going to change course?), and whether the trainees referred to the rules. Of the trainees, 55% performed a maneuver that was against regulations, and 34% did so in an unsafe manner. This result provides an incentive to rethink the training course to put more stress on recognizing prototypical situations and choosing which actions to take in situations such as the one presented here.

scholarly journals Management Of Trainings With Use Of Flight Simulators In Compliance With Characteristic Parameters Of Equipment

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-118
Author(s):  
Piotr Barszcz ◽  
Mariusz Wesołowski ◽  
Krzysztof Blacha
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Training System ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Human Response ◽  
Characteristic Parameters ◽  
Specific Population ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Variable Environment ◽  
Flight Simulators ◽  
Survey Results

AbstractFlights conditions of combat aircrafts subject to dynamic changes in variable environment, where properly trained and skilled pilots, capable of perceiving stimuli from outside, play key roles in the decision-making process. The study discloses analyses that have been completed on grounds of survey results carried out for a specific population of cadets and pilots that had practiced on flight simulators. The surveys consisted in measurements of the human response time to artificially arranged emergency circumstances with counting of misbehaviour and errors. Then, upon analysis of correlation between skill features demonstrated by pilot candidates (cadets) and trained pilots and with consideration to functions of probability distribution of these features it is possible to estimate expected results that should be achieved by cadets for specific exercises to assess the training system as efficient and suitable to provide intended results when real tasks are assigned to trainees flying eventual aircrafts.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Kinerja Keuangan Terhadap Return Saham (Studi Pada Emiten Saham Syariah Sektor Manufaktur Yang Terdaftar di Indeks Saham Syariah Indonesia Tahun 2011-2012)

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 518
Author(s):  
Rizkary Roslianti ◽  
Leo Herlambang
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Stock Return ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
The Other ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Equity Ratio

Islamic stocks is one of the most preffered investment type by Muslim investors. In the decision making process, the investors have to considered the financial reports and stock analysis. This study aims to investigate the effect of fundamental factors that represented by Return on Assets, Debt to Equity Ratio and Total Assets Turnover toward stock return.This study used a quantitative approach using secondary data, they are financial statements and stock return companies listed on Indeks Saham Syariah Indonesia years 2011-2012. This study used a significance level of 5%.Based on the regression analysis results, it indicates that Return on Assets variable has a very significant effect on the stock return. On the other hand, Debt to Equity Ratio variable and Total Assets Turnover variable do not have significant effect to the stock return. Simultaneously, Return on Assets, Debt to Equity Ratio and Total Assets Turnover have significant effect to stock return.

scholarly journals Effects of reward history on decision-making and movement vigor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shruthi Sukumar ◽  
Reza Shadmehr ◽  
Alaa A Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Control Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Recent Theory ◽  
Consistent Effect ◽  
History Of ◽  
Series Of Experiments

During foraging, animals decide how long to stay and harvest reward, and then abandon that site and travel with a certain speed to the next reward opportunity. One aspect of this behavior involves decision-making, while the other involves motor-control. A recent theory posits that control of decision-making and movements may be linked via a desire to maximize a single normative utility: the sum of all rewards acquired, minus all efforts expended, divided by time. If this is the case, then the history of rewards, and not just its immediate availability, should dictate how long one decides to stay and harvest reward, and how slowly one travels to the next opportunity. We tested this theory in a series of experiments in which humans used their hand to harvest tokens at a reward patch, and then used their arm to reach toward a subsequent opportunity. Following a history of poor rewards, people not only foraged for a longer period, but also moved slower to the next reward site. Thus, reward history had a consistent effect on both the decision-making process regarding when to abandon a reward site, and the motor control process regarding how fast to move to the next opportunity.

A Method for Estimating Prognosis Based on Physician’s Decision-Making Process

1981 ◽  
Vol 20 (04) ◽  
pp. 202-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ch. P. Peev ◽  
S. Kaihara
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Medical Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Empirical Risk ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Aided Diagnosis ◽  
Measure Error

Different diagnostic rules for computer-aided diagnosis are based on different mathematically precise statistical models. In practice, however, the medical data cannot meet the requirements set for the models and, in some cases, the model precision loses its advantages. On the other hand, physicians make their decisions without mathematical precision according to some statistics based on their own experiences.In this study, the physician’s process of estimating prognosis of diseases was analyzed and a method for estimating prognosis based on the physician’s decision-making process was proposed. Problems such as collection of informative symptoms, their estimation and weighting, and physician’s decision were considered. The decisionmaking function obtained from the analysis was applied for estimating the prognosis of cerebrovascular diseases. The choice of informative symptoms was based on Kullback’s information measure. Error estimation was made by using the minimum empirical risk method. The proposed method seemed to provide a smaller error rate, as compared to discriminant analysis under identical conditions (same sample, same informative symptoms).

Training trainers in risk assessment

1997 ◽  
Vol 170 (S32) ◽  
pp. 35-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Harris
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Apprenticeship Model ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
Early Training

Risk assessment has always been an essential part of all medical practice, and doctors have always been trained to make rapid assessment of risk. Much of the early training of doctors in both medicine and surgery centres on risk assessment. However, the method of acquiring that knowledge is predominantly through the apprenticeship model with observation by the trainee of the trainer's decision-making process. Those decisions, however, are often skewed and biased by a whole variety of influences, rather than always being based on scientific evidence. Clearly the increasing influence of evidence-based medicine will help this. At one extreme, however, there are heroic surgeons taking unnecessary risk or taking on cases which might more appropriately have been left without treatment, and at the other extreme, consultants who may feel demoralised or depressed might well become nihilistic about medicine and therefore might not attempt to treat cases that are treatable.

ETHICS OF EXPERIMENTATION

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 872-872
Author(s):  
B. Barber ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
The Other ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Scientific Achievement ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One

. . . Medical institutions and individual investigators operate today with two powerful sets of values and goals. On the one hand there is the pursuit and advancement of scientific knowledge. On the other there is the provision of humane and effective therapy for patients. . . . There is evidence that the enhanced excitement attending scientific achievement and the rewards bestowed on it in recent decades have skewed the decision-making process in many cases of conflict. . . . Our data show that the social structure of competition and reward is one of the sources of permissive behavior in experimentation with human subjects...

scholarly journals A decision-making support model for enterprises localization strategies

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-59
Author(s):  
Marzia Morena ◽  
Maria Luisa Del Gatto ◽  
Anna Gornati
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Location Choice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Location Decisions ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Development Scenarios ◽  
The One

Purpose – The paper aims at describing a supporting model for the decision-making process that may steer the location decisions of international businesses. This is made possible by a measurement system where the characteristics of a territory are assessed with reference to some key factors that are internationally known to investors, to the aim of spotting the best location to implement a property investment. Design/methodology/approach – The surveys analysed when producing this paper highlighted the presence of internationally renowned and shared factors that the enterprises generally take into consideration in their decision-making process, and which strongly influence the decision to locate a business in a territory to the detriment of another. By adopting and organizing these “key factors” in a systemic way, the model introduced in this paper supports enterprises in their location choice. It analyses and measures some territorial contexts (with no limits regarding their size) based on the scores assigned to these contexts after the analysis of the 12 key factors. Findings – The analysis had two outputs: on the one hand, its results allowed to check whether the areas are actually in line with the expectations and with the requirements of a potential investor, with reference to the activity that such investor is willing to promote; on the other, the identification of the characteristics of the area provides the basis to define the vocation of the areas under examination, thus helping the drawing of future development scenarios. Originality/value – The surveys analysed when producing this paper highlighted the presence of internationally renowned and shared factors that the enterprises generally take into consideration in their decision-making process, and which strongly influence the decision to locate a business in a territory to the detriment of another.

Professional Lobbying in Eighteenth-century Brussels: The Role of Agents in Petitioning the Central Government Institutions in the Habsburg Netherlands

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Griet Vermeesch
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Central Government ◽  
The Other ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Government Institutions

Abstract Historians have underscored the crucial importance of petitions both in early modern political practice and for relations between rulers and ruled. However, little is known about how formal requests were actually presented to rulers or the role of professional lobbyists. This article describes these individuals, using materials from a well-documented case, namely the court agents who were active in recommending petitions to the central government councils in eighteenth-century Brussels. Via these officially appointed lobbyists, citizens could obtain access to central figures in the decision-making process and express their personal grievances, desires and needs. This article argues that the efforts which court agents had to exert in order to present and recommend such petitions hint at the time- and money-consuming nature of petitioning. Court agents were supposed to offer their services free of charge to poor people, but opportunities for petitioning were in all probability less open to households of modest means. On the other hand, the court agents surely broadened the opportunities for petitioning in general, as—in exchange for a fee—anyone could draw on their expertise and contacts in government circles so as to be heard. Although patronage remained highly important throughout the eighteenth century, government accessibility increased in a more egalitarian manner, due to the work of these agents.

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