scholarly journals Gender-wise contribution in carbon management by high himalayan ethnic group of Gatlang VDC, Rasuwa, Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashila Deshar ◽  
Madan Koirala
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Fuel Wood ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Carbon Management ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
Participation In Decision Making ◽  
Major Decision

In mountainous country Nepal having large populations of culturally unique indigenous peoples poses threats of glaciers retreat and resource bases change. The indigenous people living in mountain plays the major role in carbon management. Further, the role and responsibilities of men and women varies differently in natural resource conservation and management. However, their participation in decision-making and benefit sharing is poor. The majority of women have unequal access to productive resources and decision-making process. Therefore, study on gender based agro-pastoral activities, their contribution on carbon management and decision-making process were carried out in Tamang ethnic group of Gatlang VDC of Rasuwa district, Nepal. For the purpose, 30 households were selected purposively. Similarly, four focus group discussions were carried out among the separate group of women, men and group consisting both men and women. Carbon management types: input carbon and output carbon activities were studied on men and women. In total, 23 different agro-pastorals related activities were found, among them 57% of work were supported by women, 39% by both men and women, and 4% by men only. With respect to fuel-wood, in average, 10 kg per day fuelwood is necessary for one household. The use of biomass for cooking emits chocking smoke and causes indoor air pollution. All these disadvantages lead to carbon emission which might lead to health deterioration of women by increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases and respiratory disorders. The average fuel-wood requirement was found to be 840 kg/capita/year which are found to be higher than the other physiographic regions of Nepal. This is due to use of fuel-wood as only source of energy in the study area. Out of total respondent, it was observed that 30% literate men allow their wife to make joint decision on the major household issues. Similarly, 3% literate women respondents took the major decision by their own or jointly with their husbands. On the other hand, 30% illiterate men and 37% illiterate women either didn’t allow their wife or don’t participate in major decision-making process. Further, it is revealed from the chi square test that literacy plays major role in decision making (x2 = 5.625, df =1, p=0.017). Similarly, educated women actively join together with their husband in decision making. Moreover, women have high contribution in carbon input and output activities. Therefore, the women education should be promoted to make their equal and strong participation in decision making, which ultimately contribute in carbon input and output activities, through their greater roles in livestock husbandry and fuel-wood management relative to men. Further, importance of women’s role in carbon management should be given greater prominence.

Youth Development Through Participation in Decision Making

2019 ◽  
pp. 35-53
Author(s):  
Sharon Thabo Mampane
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Youth Development ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Youth Participation ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Participation In Decision Making

The purpose of this chapter is to argue that there is a need for youth development for participation in decision makings of the country. Programs for youth development should be geared towards changing the behavior of the youth from undesirable to desirable conduct. This chapter follows a qualitative approach in understanding and explaining in detail what youth development and participation in decision making in the society, entails. Data were collected via literature reviews on youth development and participation and on factors contributing to the importance of how laws, most notably laws on youth participation in matters, concern them. These factors are important, but key to developing the youth for participative decision-making and for ensuring that children's right to participate is implemented. The aim of this paper is to ensure that the youth are involved as partners in communities because they are deemed to be assets in the decision-making process of the country.

Situation Awareness and the Decision-Making Process in a Dynamic Situation: Avoiding Collisions at Sea

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Chauvin ◽  
J. P. Clostermann ◽  
Jean-Michel Hoc
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
The Other ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Secondary Importance ◽  
Training Course ◽  
Training Facility ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

In this study, the authors aim to determine the impact of situation awareness (SA) in the decision-making process of “young” watch officers of a Merchant Marine training facility. The trainees were shown an ambiguous interaction situation in which they could choose among several actions. The results show that Level 1 SA (perception of the elements in the environment) tends to be of secondary importance in decision making. The major variables of the decision-making process are the interpretation of the rules and anticipation of the other vessel's intentions. Moreover, four different trainee “profiles” emerged. The main difference between them lies in the distance at which they decided to change course, the direction of this maneuver (port or starboard), the way in which they interpreted the other vessel's intentions (is it going to change course?), and whether the trainees referred to the rules. Of the trainees, 55% performed a maneuver that was against regulations, and 34% did so in an unsafe manner. This result provides an incentive to rethink the training course to put more stress on recognizing prototypical situations and choosing which actions to take in situations such as the one presented here.

scholarly journals Employees’ Participation in Decision Making and Employees’ Productivity

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-76
Author(s):  
Hyginus Emeka Nwosu ◽  
Merit Okoh ◽  
Amadi Goodluck
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Mission Statement ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Participation In Decision Making

This study on employees’ participation on decision making and employees’ productivity was elicited to determine the extent to which employee participation in developing the mission statement, employee participate in policies and procedure formulation, and employees’ participation in the bonus/benefit determination enhance employees’ productivity. A total of 3901 populations were studied and 363 sample sizes was used to determine the effect of employees’ participation in decision making on employees’ productivity in Ebonyi state. The survey method was adopted; questionnaires and interviews were used for data collection. Descriptive statistics and Simple linear regression model was used. The findings show that there is a significant positive relationship between employees’ participation in decision making and employees’ productivity. The study, therefore, recommends among others that the management of the institutions especially academic institutions should continue to allow employees to participate in the decision-making process for increasing productivity.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Kinerja Keuangan Terhadap Return Saham (Studi Pada Emiten Saham Syariah Sektor Manufaktur Yang Terdaftar di Indeks Saham Syariah Indonesia Tahun 2011-2012)

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 518
Author(s):  
Rizkary Roslianti ◽  
Leo Herlambang
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Stock Return ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
The Other ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Equity Ratio

Islamic stocks is one of the most preffered investment type by Muslim investors. In the decision making process, the investors have to considered the financial reports and stock analysis. This study aims to investigate the effect of fundamental factors that represented by Return on Assets, Debt to Equity Ratio and Total Assets Turnover toward stock return.This study used a quantitative approach using secondary data, they are financial statements and stock return companies listed on Indeks Saham Syariah Indonesia years 2011-2012. This study used a significance level of 5%.Based on the regression analysis results, it indicates that Return on Assets variable has a very significant effect on the stock return. On the other hand, Debt to Equity Ratio variable and Total Assets Turnover variable do not have significant effect to the stock return. Simultaneously, Return on Assets, Debt to Equity Ratio and Total Assets Turnover have significant effect to stock return.

scholarly journals Effects of reward history on decision-making and movement vigor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shruthi Sukumar ◽  
Reza Shadmehr ◽  
Alaa A Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Control Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Recent Theory ◽  
Consistent Effect ◽  
History Of ◽  
Series Of Experiments

During foraging, animals decide how long to stay and harvest reward, and then abandon that site and travel with a certain speed to the next reward opportunity. One aspect of this behavior involves decision-making, while the other involves motor-control. A recent theory posits that control of decision-making and movements may be linked via a desire to maximize a single normative utility: the sum of all rewards acquired, minus all efforts expended, divided by time. If this is the case, then the history of rewards, and not just its immediate availability, should dictate how long one decides to stay and harvest reward, and how slowly one travels to the next opportunity. We tested this theory in a series of experiments in which humans used their hand to harvest tokens at a reward patch, and then used their arm to reach toward a subsequent opportunity. Following a history of poor rewards, people not only foraged for a longer period, but also moved slower to the next reward site. Thus, reward history had a consistent effect on both the decision-making process regarding when to abandon a reward site, and the motor control process regarding how fast to move to the next opportunity.

A Method for Estimating Prognosis Based on Physician’s Decision-Making Process

1981 ◽  
Vol 20 (04) ◽  
pp. 202-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ch. P. Peev ◽  
S. Kaihara
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Medical Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Empirical Risk ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Aided Diagnosis ◽  
Measure Error

Different diagnostic rules for computer-aided diagnosis are based on different mathematically precise statistical models. In practice, however, the medical data cannot meet the requirements set for the models and, in some cases, the model precision loses its advantages. On the other hand, physicians make their decisions without mathematical precision according to some statistics based on their own experiences.In this study, the physician’s process of estimating prognosis of diseases was analyzed and a method for estimating prognosis based on the physician’s decision-making process was proposed. Problems such as collection of informative symptoms, their estimation and weighting, and physician’s decision were considered. The decisionmaking function obtained from the analysis was applied for estimating the prognosis of cerebrovascular diseases. The choice of informative symptoms was based on Kullback’s information measure. Error estimation was made by using the minimum empirical risk method. The proposed method seemed to provide a smaller error rate, as compared to discriminant analysis under identical conditions (same sample, same informative symptoms).

Training trainers in risk assessment

1997 ◽  
Vol 170 (S32) ◽  
pp. 35-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Harris
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Apprenticeship Model ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
Early Training

Risk assessment has always been an essential part of all medical practice, and doctors have always been trained to make rapid assessment of risk. Much of the early training of doctors in both medicine and surgery centres on risk assessment. However, the method of acquiring that knowledge is predominantly through the apprenticeship model with observation by the trainee of the trainer's decision-making process. Those decisions, however, are often skewed and biased by a whole variety of influences, rather than always being based on scientific evidence. Clearly the increasing influence of evidence-based medicine will help this. At one extreme, however, there are heroic surgeons taking unnecessary risk or taking on cases which might more appropriately have been left without treatment, and at the other extreme, consultants who may feel demoralised or depressed might well become nihilistic about medicine and therefore might not attempt to treat cases that are treatable.

ETHICS OF EXPERIMENTATION

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 872-872
Author(s):  
B. Barber ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
The Other ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Scientific Achievement ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One

. . . Medical institutions and individual investigators operate today with two powerful sets of values and goals. On the one hand there is the pursuit and advancement of scientific knowledge. On the other there is the provision of humane and effective therapy for patients. . . . There is evidence that the enhanced excitement attending scientific achievement and the rewards bestowed on it in recent decades have skewed the decision-making process in many cases of conflict. . . . Our data show that the social structure of competition and reward is one of the sources of permissive behavior in experimentation with human subjects...

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