scholarly journals Effect of Techniques and Time of Sowing, Seed Rate, and Weed Management on Selcted Herbaceous Legumes Establishments in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Debora - KanaHau ◽  
Jacob Nulik
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Clitoria Ternatea ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Sowing Seed

<p>A series of experiments on techniques and time of sowing, and weed management of legumes <em>Clitoria ternatea</em> cv Milgarra, <em>Centrosema pascuorum</em> cv Cavalcade and cv Bundey, and <em>Lablab purpureus</em> cv Highworth, was conducted in East Nusa Tenggara (in the islands of Timor, Flores, and Sumba) in order to determine proper technique and time of sowing and weed management, which would be efficient in labor use and sufficient biomass production. Treatments of sowing techniques included dibble, furrow (covered and not covered), and broadcast (harrowed and not harrowed); while sowing time consisted of early wet season (December-January), mid of wet season (February-March) and the end of wet season (April-May), while weed managements consisted of weeded and unweeded treatments. The experiments employed block randomized design with four replications using plot sizes of 3 x 4 m to 4 x 5 m, depending on the availability of land for the experiments. The results of the experiments showed that the best sowing technique with the highest plant population  at 4 weeks after planting was dibbling (42 plants/m²), followed by furrow, while the lowest plant population was obtained at the broadcast technique (9-20 plants/m²). Similarly, the highest biomass production was obtained in the dibbling technique (1.75 to 2.5 tons DM/ha per harvest at 12 weeks after planting in Ende, and 4-5 ton DM/ha in Nagekeo), followed by furrow technique covered or not covered (1-1.3 tons DM/ha in Ende and 3.5-4 tons DM/ha in Nagekeo), and the lowest in broadcast technique (0.3-1 ton DM/ha in Ende and 2-2.5 ton DM/ha in Nagekeo). However, considering the labor requirement and cost, it was recommended that furrow technique to suit the small farmer practices in the region. Weed management showed that weeded treatment (keep legume cleaned of weeds) gave significantly better (P&lt;0.05) biomass production compared with to that of unweeded treatment. It can be seen also that weed had more suppressing effects on <em>Clitoria ternatea</em>, compared to that of <em>Lablab purpureus</em>, especially when the plants were sown in the early wet season.</p>

scholarly journals Chemical composition and rumen degradation of diet combinations of cottonseed cake, dried brewer's grains and Lablab purpureus hay incubated in the rumen of fistulated N'dama steers in South-western Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
G. O. Tona ◽  
K. Agyemang ◽  
J. A. Adeneye ◽  
J. A. Akinlade
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Leguminous Plant ◽  
Cottonseed Cake ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Animal Feeding

The chemical composition and dry matter (DM) and nitrogen (N) degradation characteristics of four diet combinations ar four total digestible nutrients (TDN) levels of cottonseed cake (CSC), dried brewer's grains (DBG) and Lablab purpureus hay (LL) which were fed to ruminants in the humid zone of Ibadan, South-west Nigeria, were evaluated. TheTDN levels used were 3.5, 4.5, 5.5 and 6.5 kg TDN. The CSC and DBG used are agro-industrial by-products which are used in feeding livestock while the LL is a leguminous plant which is not used much as human feed but is usually grown as forage legume for animal feeding. The completely randomized design with four treatments and three replicates was used. The experiment was carried out In Ibadan, South-western Nigeria during the wet season (June to July). The diets were high in crude protein contents so that they had high nutritional potential for ruminants feeding and productivity. The potential degradability (PD) of dry matter (DM) values ranged from 75. 24 to 79.47 g/100g DM, while that for the nitrogen (N) degradability ranged between 88.36 and 94.30 g/100g N. The soluble fraction value of DM degradation and the crude fibre (CF) content of the chemical composition of the diets were significantly correlated (r=0.644; P=0.007). The potential degradability (PD) values for both the DM and N degradabilities were significantly (P>0.05) different among the four treatment diets combinations.

scholarly journals Spring-planted cover crops for weed control in soybean

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Katja Koehler-Cole ◽  
Christopher A. Proctor ◽  
Roger W. Elmore ◽  
David A. Wedin
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Small Grains

Abstract Replacing tillage with cover crops (CC) for weed management in corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] systems with mechanical weed control has many soil health benefits but in the western Corn Belt, CC establishment after harvest is hampered by cold temperatures, limited labor and few compatible CC species. Spring-planted CC may be an alternative, but information is lacking on suitable CC species. Our objective was to evaluate four spring-planted CC with respect to biomass production and weed suppression, concurrent with CC growth and post-termination. Cover crop species tested were oat (Avena sativa L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), brown mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.] and yellow mustard (Brassica hirta Moench). They were compared to no-CC treatments that were either tilled pre- and post-planting of soybean (no-CC tilled) or not tilled at all (no-CC weedy). CC were planted in late March to early April, terminated 52–59 days later using an undercutter, and soybean was planted within a week. The experiment had a randomized complete block design with four replications and was repeated for 3 years. Mustards and small grains produced similar amounts of biomass (1.54 Mg ha−1) but mustard biomass production was more consistent (0.85–2.72 Mg ha−1) than that of the small grains (0.35–3.81 Mg ha−1). Relative to the no-CC weedy treatment, mustards suppressed concurrent weed biomass in two out of 3 years, by 31–97%, and small grains suppressed concurrent weed biomass in only 1 year, by 98%. Six weeks after soybean planting, small grains suppressed weed biomass in one out of 3 years, by 79% relative to the no-CC weedy treatment, but mustards did not provide significant weed suppression. The no-CC tilled treatment suppressed weeds each year relative to the no-CC weedy treatment, on average 87%. The ineffective weed control by CC reduced soybean biomass by about 50% six weeks after planting. While spring-planted CC have the potential for pre-plant weed control, they do not provide adequate early season weed suppression for soybean.

scholarly journals Comparison on biomass production of three fodder germplasms

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Kanak ◽  
MJ Khan ◽  
MR Debi ◽  
ZH Khandakar ◽  
MK Pikar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Fresh Biomass ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Brachiaria Mutica

The experiment was conducted to study the comparison on biomass production of fodder germplasm. Para (Brachiaria mutica Stapf.), German (Echinochloa crusgalli L.) and Dhal (Hymenachne pseudointerrupta C. Muell) grasses were cultivated in a completely randomized design (CRD). The whole area was divided into nine plots. The area of each unit plot was 6 m x 6 m. Number of cuttings were 16,000 /hectare where Plant to Plant distance was 16 cm and row and raw distance was 16 cm. Equal amount of organic and chemical fertilizer were applied in all cutting. The fodders were first harvested after 60 days of planting, second and third after successive 60 days of re-growth. The findings of the study showed that fresh biomass (p<0.01) and dry biomass yield (p<0.05) of three fodder germplasm differed significantly. Crude protein and organic matter yield were significant (p<0.01) only in the second cutting. German grass was showed significantly higher in CP and OM yield (p<0.01) at second cutting than other grasses. However, no significant effect on plant height was observed among three grasses. From the above findings it may be concluded that among the three fodder germplasm, German fodder showed best result in respect of biomass production. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v42i1.15772 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2013. 42 (1): 35-39

scholarly journals Pasture establishment on non-cultivable hill country

2013 ◽  
pp. 215-220
Author(s):  
K.N. Tozer ◽  
G.B. Douglas ◽  
C.A. Cameron ◽  
T.J. Fraser ◽  
R.A. Moss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
One Year ◽  
North And South

To determine the best method of pasture establishment on non-cultivable hill country (>20o slope), four treatments were compared in one year on north and south aspects at four sites with contrasting climates and soil types. Sites were located in Waikato (1), Hawke's Bay (2) and Canterbury (1). The treatments included seed mix (grasses, legumes and herbs (GLH); legumes only (LEG)) and sowing time (spring; autumn). Six weeks after sowing, seedling establishment, as a percentage of viable seeds sown, was: i) greater on south than north aspects for perennial ryegrass (31% vs 18%) and birdsfoot trefoil (5% vs 4%); ii) greater for total sown species (14% vs 8%), subterranean clover (7% vs 4%) and red clover (25% vs 14%) in the GLH than LEG mix, but greater for white clover in the LEG than GLH mix (17% vs 8%); iii) greater in autumn than spring for perennial ryegrass (36% vs 13%) and total sown grasses (22% vs 9%) but greater in spring than autumn for lotus (6% vs 3%). Plantain established well in spring in summer-wet environments, while in summer-dry environments establishment was greater in autumn. Broadcasting seed on south aspects during autumn is likely to result in the highest establishment of sown grasses and legumes, but not necessarily of herbs. The trials were conducted in an unusually wet season. Repeating a subset of the treatments at these sites will provide a greater understanding of responses to climatic variation. Keywords: pasture renewal; pasture establishment; pasture mixtures; oversowing.

scholarly journals RGB Image-Derived Indicators for Spatial Assessment of the Impact of Broadleaf Weeds on Wheat Biomass

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 2982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christelle Gée ◽  
Emmanuel Denimal
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Crop Weed Competition ◽  
The Impact

In precision agriculture, the development of proximal imaging systems embedded in autonomous vehicles allows to explore new weed management strategies for site-specific plant application. Accurate monitoring of weeds while controlling wheat growth requires indirect measurements of leaf area index (LAI) and above-ground dry matter biomass (BM) at early growth stages. This article explores the potential of RGB images to assess crop-weed competition in a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop by generating two new indicators, the weed pressure (WP) and the local wheat biomass production (δBMc). The fractional vegetation cover (FVC) of the crop and the weeds was automatically determined from the images with a SVM-RBF classifier, using bag of visual word vectors as inputs. It is based on a new vegetation index called MetaIndex, defined as a vote of six indices widely used in the literature. Beyond a simple map of weed infestation, the map of WP describes the crop-weed competition. The map of δBMc, meanwhile, evaluates the local wheat above-ground biomass production and informs us about a potential stress. It is generated from the wheat FVC because it is highly correlated with LAI (r2 = 0.99) and BM (r2 = 0.93) obtained by destructive methods. By combining these two indicators, we aim at determining whether the origin of the wheat stress is due to weeds or not. This approach opens up new perspectives for the monitoring of weeds and the monitoring of their competition during crop growth with non-destructive and proximal sensing technologies in the early stages of development.

scholarly journals Soybean seed origin effects on physiological and sanitary quality and crop yield

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Silvestrini Tonello ◽  
Nataliê Luíse Fabbian ◽  
Deivid Sacon ◽  
Aline Netto ◽  
Vanessa Neumann Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Crop Season ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Seed Origin

The suitable establishment of a crop depends on seed quality, among another factors. However, with high production costs many producers use uncertified seeds, to reduce expenses with this input at sowing time. The objective was to evaluate germination, vigor and health of soybean seeds, diseases incidence in cvs. NS 5445 IPRO and BMX Ativa RR, whose seeds were of certified and uncertified origins, as well as yield components and grain yield of soybeans, with or without fungicides application. The experiments were conducted in the 2015/16 and 2016/17 crop season, in Erechim-RS. Two experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design (DIC): one in the laboratory, under a 2 x 2 factorial scheme (cultivar x origin); and another in the field in a homogeneous area, in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme (with/without fungicide application and certified/uncertified seed) for two cultivars, both with four replications. The variables evaluated were: germination and seed health, yield (kg ha-1), thousand grains weight (g), number of grains per plant, and incidence of foliar fungal diseases. The main fungi identified in seeds were Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp. and Fusarium sp. The highest incidence percentage were obtained in uncertifed seeds, at two harvests. Both cultivars and origins presented the minimum germination required for commercialization, however, certified seeds had better performance for seed vigor. As for normal seedlings, there was a significant difference only for the 2016/17 crop season, with the highest percentage obtained in certified seeds (52.0% for NS 5445 and 73.5% for BMX Ativa). Best productivity was achieved with cultivation of certified seeds associated with fungicides in both crops and cultivars. For thousand grains weight (TGW) there was no difference in origin, but only for cultivar and fungicides apply. The number of grains per plant was higher in plants from certified seeds and that received fungicides, being cv. BMX Ativa the most responsive for the two harvests analyzed. The main diseases found in the two harvests were: Asian rust, powdery mildew, mildew, septoriosis and cercosporiosis. However, seed origin, in both crops, did not differ in the incidence of Asian rust, powdery mildew and mildew, but for septoriosis and cercosporiosis, considered soybean late season diseases, seed origin is a determining fator.

Effect of Temperature on Clopyralid Safety in Strawberry

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun M. Sharpe ◽  
Nathan S. Boyd ◽  
Peter J. Dittmar ◽  
Greg E. MacDonald ◽  
Rebecca L. Darnell
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Horticultural Crop ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Growing Conditions

AbstractStrawberry is an important horticultural crop in Florida. The long growing season and escapes from fumigation and PRE herbicides necessitate POST weed management to maximize harvest potential and efficiency. Alternatives to hand-weeding are desirable, but clopyralid is the only broadleaf herbicide registered for use. Weed control may be improved by early-season clopyralid applications, but at risk of high temperature and increased strawberry injury. The effect of temperature on clopyralid safety on strawberry is unknown. We undertook a growth chamber experiment using a completely randomized design to determine crop safety under various temperature conditions across acclimation, herbicide application, and post-application periods. There was no effect of clopyralid on the number of strawberry leaves across all temperatures. Damage to the strawberry manifested as leaf malformations. Acclimation temperatures affected clopyralid-associated injury (p=0.0309), with increased leaf malformations at higher temperatures (27 C) compared to lower (18 C) temperatures. Pre-treatment temperatures did not affect clopyralid injury. Post-application temperature also affected clopyralid injury (p=0.0161), with increased leaf malformations at higher temperatures compared to lower ones. Clopyralid application did not reduce flowering or biomass production in the growth chamber. If leaf malformations are to be avoided, consideration to growing conditions prior to application is advisable, especially if applying clopyralid early in the season.

Radiation Use Efficiency and Biomass Production in Soybean at Different Plant Population Densities

Crop Science ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry C. Purcell ◽  
Rosalind A. Ball ◽  
J. D. Reaper ◽  
Earl D. Vories
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use

QUALIDADE NA COLHEITA MECANIZADA DE MILHO SEMEADO EM DIFERENTES VELOCIDADES

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 582 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANTONIO TASSIO SANTANA ORMOND ◽  
MURILO APARECIDO VOLTARELLI ◽  
CARLA SEGATTO STRINI PAIXÃO ◽  
ALINE SPAGGIARI ALCÂNTARA1 ◽  
ELIZABETH HARUNA KAZAMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Process Control ◽  
Statistical Process Control ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Longitudinal Distribution ◽  
Statistical Control ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Statistical Process

RESUMO - As perdas na colheita podem estar relacionadas tanto a colhedora, como também a fatores ligados a cultura como: mau preparo do solo, densidade de plantas, inadequação da época de semeadura são alguns deles. O presente estudo objetivou determinar a influência da velocidade de semeadura no processo de colheita mecanizada de milho, por meio do controle de qualidade do processo. O experimento foi conduzido em Latossolo Vermelho, textura argilosa e relevo suave ondulado. O delineamento foi baseado na óptica do Controle Estatístico de ProcessoCEP, onde os dados foram coletados em pontos aleatórios em função do tempo. Os indicadores de qualidade avaliados foram divididos em parâmetros de semeadura (população de plantas e distribuição longitudinal de plântulas); e de colheita (Perdas de grãos e distribuição de palha) em função de seis velocidades de deslocamento (aproximadamente 2,0; 4,0; 6,0; 9,0; 10,0 e 12,0 Km.h-1). Os dados foram submetidos a análise descritiva para análise do comportamento. Como ferramentas do controle estatístico de processo utilizou-se, run charts ou gráfico sequencial e carta de controle de valores individuais para análise da qualidade do processo. A maior velocidade (V6) apresentou a maior variabilidade dos dados para todas as variáveis. A operação da colheita mecanizada de milho foi influenciada por fatores extrínsecos e intrínsecos a ela.Palavras-chave: Controle estatístico de processo, espaçamentos normais, perdas, população de plantas.QUALITY IN MECHANIZED HARVEST OF CORN SOWN IN DIFFERENT SPEEDSABSTRACT - The harvest losses may be associated to harvester as well as factors related to cultivation such as poor soil preparation, plant density, unsuitable sowing time. This study aimed to determine the effect of speed sowing in the mechanized harvest of corn, through the control of the quality of the process. The experiment was conducted in a clayey Oxisol and undulate relief. The design was based on the optics of the Statistical Process Control SPC, and the data were collected at random points in function of time. The quality indicators evaluated were divided into sowing parameters (plant population and longitudinal distribution of seedlings) and harvesting (loss of grain and straw distribution) in function of six displacement speeds (approximately 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 9.0, 10.0 and 12.0 Km.h-1). The data were submitted to descriptive analysis for behavior analysis. As tools for the statistical control of the process, run charts or sequential graph were used, and control chart of individual values for analysis of the quality of the process. The highest speed (V6) showed the highest variability of the data for all variables. The operation of mechanized harvest of corn was influenced by extrinsic and intrinsic factors.Keywords: statistical process control, normal spacings, losses, plant population.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document