scholarly journals Mycotoxin Contamination in the Food Chain

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Eny Martindah ◽  
Sjamsul Bahri
Keyword(s):  
Food Chain ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Mold Growth ◽  
Mould Growth ◽  
Mycotoxin Contamination ◽  
T2 Toxin

Mycotoxins contamination in animal feed is harmful to livestock and leads to residues, such as aflatoxin and its metabolites (aflatoxin M1, aflatoxicol, aflatoxin Q1 and aflatoxin P1) which are deposited in meat, milk, and eggs. The existence of mycotoxins has been widespread; and mycotoxin is the most important contaminant in the food chain because it has implications for human health. Mold growth and mycotoxin production mainly depend on the weather, such as warm temperatures (28-31°C) and high humidity (60-90%). Some types of mold can produce more than one type of mycotoxin and some mycotoxins can be produced by more than one species of fungi. Mycotoxins, especially aflatoxin, fumonisin, zearalenone, ochratoxin, deoxynivalenol, and T2 toxin present in feed and feedstuffs that have to be controlled. Mycotoxins are not only harmful to the health of consumers, but will also reduce the quality of the product that is contaminated, and cause economic losses. The risk of mycotoxin contamination in animal feed could be reduced by inhibiting the mould growth and toxin production, through crop rotation, using proper fungicides, and applying regulation of mycotoxins maximum limit in feed and food in order to prevent any danger to public health.

scholarly journals The radioactivity parameters in the food chain - legislation, control and critical points

2021 ◽  
Vol 854 (1) ◽  
pp. 012003
Author(s):  
Velibor Andric ◽  
Maja Gajic-Kvascev
Keyword(s):  
Food Chain ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Nuclear Facilities ◽  
State Of The Environment ◽  
Critical Raw Materials

Abstract Radioactivity, whether natural or artificial, today constitutes a significant segment in the process of protecting human and animal health. Natural radioactivity is an integral part of our ecological system, so it has long been present in the food we eat. However, intensive industrial processes in some areas have disturbed the natural ecological balance and thus introduced into the environment natural radionuclides in quantities that can affect the quality of human life and the state of the environment. On the other hand, artificial radionuclides reach the environment only in the case of accident situations in nuclear facilities. In the nuclear era so far, two accidents, Chernobyl in 1986 and Fukushima in 2011, affected the environment globally with the significant impact. Consequently, a system of monitoring radioactivity in the environment was introduced, which includes foodstuffs as well as animal feed. The paper describes the sources of radioactive contamination and the most critical raw materials and products in the human and animal food chain, as well as a critical review of current legislation.

Pengaruh Kecepatan Putar Terhadap Hasil Coran pada Metode Pengecoran Sentrifugal dalam Pembuatan Produk Pisau Pakan Ternak dengan Material Ni-Hard1

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Roni Kusnowo ◽  
Kus Hanaldi
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Centrifugal Casting ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Gravity Casting ◽  
Friction Resistance ◽  
Optimal Speed ◽  
Mold Making

Animal feed knife is a tool that serves to cut and chop animal feed consisting of grass as the main ingredient with additives such as bran, herbs, centrate, cassava, tofu pulp and others. Therefore, as a cutting tool must have the properties of friction resistance, impact resistance, and have good sharpness, so that the material chosen is Ni-Hard 1. The use of centrifugal casting method was chosen because it has the advantage of being able to make castings with relatively thin thickness this is due to the influence of the centrifugal force on the distribution of metal liquids throughout the cavity in the mold. Case study in this study is the use of centrifugal casting methods as an alternative to gravity casting methods to overcome defects of misruns. This research was conducted to investigate the effect of speed on the formation of castings products. The method that was carried out began with a literature study on centrifugal casting, and continued by determining the material, the temperature of the cast is in the range 1250ºC - 1300ºC, and the type of mold. The next step is to do work drawings, pattern making, mold making, casting processes, fettling processes, and analysis. With variations in speed of 200 rpm, 300 rpm and 400 rpm, it can be seen the optimal speed for making this product. The results of this study obtained optimal speed at a speed of 300 rpm to make good quality of animal feed knife products.

scholarly journals Toxin Production in Soybean (Glycine max L.) Plants with Charcoal Rot Disease and by Macrophomina phaseolina, the Fungus that Causes the Disease

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed K. Abbas ◽  
Nacer Bellaloui ◽  
Cesare Accinelli ◽  
James R. Smith ◽  
W. Thomas Shier
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Leaf Disc ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Rot Disease

Charcoal rot disease, caused by the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina, results in major economic losses in soybean production in southern USA. M. phaseolina has been proposed to use the toxin (-)-botryodiplodin in its root infection mechanism to create a necrotic zone in root tissue through which fungal hyphae can readily enter the plant. The majority (51.4%) of M. phaseolina isolates from plants with charcoal rot disease produced a wide range of (-)-botryodiplodin concentrations in a culture medium (0.14–6.11 µg/mL), 37.8% produced traces below the limit of quantification (0.01 µg/mL), and 10.8% produced no detectable (-)-botryodiplodin. Some culture media with traces or no (-)-botryodiplodin were nevertheless strongly phytotoxic in soybean leaf disc cultures, consistent with the production of another unidentified toxin(s). Widely ranging (-)-botryodiplodin levels (traces to 3.14 µg/g) were also observed in the roots, but not in the aerial parts, of soybean plants naturally infected with charcoal rot disease. This is the first report of (-)-botryodiplodin in plant tissues naturally infected with charcoal rot disease. No phaseolinone was detected in M. phaseolina culture media or naturally infected soybean tissues. These results are consistent with (-)-botryodiplodin playing a role in the pathology of some, but not all, M. phaseolina isolates from soybeans with charcoal rot disease in southern USA.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Physiological and Quality Parameters of Green Asparagus Spears Subjected to Three Treatments against the Decline Syndrome

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 937
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier López-Moreno ◽  
Santiago Atero-Calvo ◽  
Eloy Navarro-León ◽  
Begoña Blasco ◽  
Teresa Soriano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Death ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
High Level ◽  
Green Asparagus

Green asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) is a widely grown and consumed crop which provides high-level nutritional interest. In recent years, the decline syndrome in asparagus plantations has been rapidly augmenting. This syndrome causes the early death of whole plants, also negatively affecting the new replanting. Decline causes notable economic losses in the sector. The objective of this work was to verify the effect of different treatments against asparagus decline syndrome on the physiological parameters and nutritional quality of the spears. To meet the objective, four different treatments were applied to asparagus plots strongly affected by decline syndrome: (T1) untreated control soil, (T2) biofumigation with Brassica pellets, (T3) biofumigation with chicken manure pellets, and (T4) disinfestation of the soil with Dazomet. The cumulative yield and physiological and quality parameters of green asparagus spears were studied. Thus, malondialdehyde (MDA), photosynthetic pigments, glutathione (GSH), ascorbate (AsA), total phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanin, antioxidant test, mineral nutrients, and the amino acid profile were measured on asparagus spears. The results showed that the Brassica pellets and Dazomet treatments were the most effective against the damage caused by the decline syndrome. However, it would be necessary to monitor the evolution in the following years.

scholarly journals Women's Role in Food Production and Nutrition: Implications for Their Quality of Life

1988 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerd Holmboe-Ottesen ◽  
Ophelia Mascarenhas ◽  
Margareta Wandel
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Women's Work ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
Work Allocation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Women's Role

The authors review the literature on the subject of how women's work along the food chain may affect their nutritional status and other aspects of their lives. They point out the discrimination against women in food and work allocation: women often work harder and have greater energy expenditures than men but get less food. Bennett makes this point in her article too, and McGuire touches on it as well.

scholarly journals Mass Spectrometry and Multiplex Antigen Assays to Assess Microbial Quality and Toxin Production ofStaphylococcus aureusStrains Isolated from Clinical and Food Samples

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Attien ◽  
Haziz Sina ◽  
Wardi Moussaoui ◽  
Gaëlle Zimmermann-Meisse ◽  
Thomas Dadié ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Product ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Microbial Quality ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Panton Valentine Leukocidin

The aim of our study was to investigate the microbial quality of meat products and on some clinical samples in Abidjan focused onStaphylococcusgenus and the toxin production profile ofStaphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) isolated. Bacteria were collected from 240 samples of three meat products sold in Abidjan and 180 samples issued from clinical infections. The strains were identified by both microbiological and MALDI-TOF-MS methods. The susceptibility to antibiotics was determined by the disc diffusion method. The production of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin, LukE/D, and epidermolysins was screened using radial gel immunodiffusion. The production of staphylococcal enterotoxins and TSST-1 was screened by a Bio-Plex Assay. We observed that 96/240 of meat samples and 32/180 of clinical samples were contaminated byStaphylococcus. Eleven species were isolated from meats and 4 from clinical samples. Forty-twoS. aureusstrains were isolated from ours samples. Variability of resistance was observed for most of the tested antibiotics but none of the strains displays a resistance to imipenem and quinolones. We observed that 89% of clinicalS. aureuswere resistant to methicillin against 58% for those issued from meat products. AllS. aureusisolates issued from meat products produce epidermolysins whereas none of the clinical strains produced these toxins. The enterotoxins were variably produced by both clinical and meat product samples.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA CONTROL AND COURSE IN CHILDREN WITH AN ALTERNATIVE ONSET OF THE DISEASE

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-392
Author(s):  
О.К. Koloskova ◽  
Т.М. Bilous ◽  
N.O. Shevchenko ◽  
V.V. Bilous
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Asthma Control ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Individualized Treatment ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Non Invasive

Despite the large number of studies on the diagnosis and treatment of asthma and the constant updating of recommendations for the provision of medical care to patients with asthma, this disease still has a significant impact on the quality of life of patients and their families and significant economic losses. However, the peculiarities of bronchial asthma and the diagnosis of certain phenotypes of the disease in children, depending on biomarkers of inflammatory activity in the airways, require greater use of non-invasive diagnostic procedures and optimization of individualized treatment depending on the nature and intensity of inflammation in the respiratory tract.

scholarly journals Karakteristik Tepung Ampas Tahu yang Difermentasi dengan Lactobacillus plantarum terhadap kandungan Daidzein, Glycitein, dan Genistein

BUANA SAINS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Eka Fitasari ◽  
Budi Santosa
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Microbial Culture ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Animal feed should ideally be inexpensive and not competing with humans. Ampas know is a waste of the manufacture of tofu that contains protein and high energy. Its use has problems due to the existence of antinutrient and cannot be kept long. Lactobacillus Plantarum is a lactic acid (Gram-positive) bacteria used in the fermentation process to improve the quality of feed. The goal of fermentation is to remove the anti-nutrients that exist in the tofu pulp and increase the content of Isoflavone (Daidzin, Glycitein, and Genistein) and Isoflavone is a source of antioxidants important to growth. The study uses a Completely Randomized Design with 5 treatment of microbial culture concentrations of 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% (V/w), respectively repeated 3 times. The result of analyzes in the pulp of tofu fermentation suggests that fermentation by Lactobacillus Plantarum can increase the content of Daidzein, Glycitein, and genistein with the highest value resulting from the use of L. Plantarum 20% respectively 191.21 + 24.9 μg/g, 85.96 μg/g, and 120.82 μg/g. It can be concluded that the higher the use of the concentration of L. Plantarum in tofu pulp can increase the levels of isoflavone, so it is advisable to conduct research with the concentration of L. Plantarum higher in tofu pulp

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