scholarly journals Energy exchange: how we can personalize obesity therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
O. V. Vasyukova ◽  
P. L. Okorokov ◽  
Yu. V. Kasyanova ◽  
O. B. Bezlepkina
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Energy Exchange ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Diet Therapy ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Therapy Planning ◽  
Obesity Therapy ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Personalized Approach

Obesity is a consequence of chronic energy imbalance when energy intake constantly exceeds expenditure, which leads to excess white adipose tissue accumulation. Effective treatment of obesity requires accurate measure of calories intake and expenditure, as well as related behavior to understand how energy homeostasis is regulated and evaluate the effectiveness of the measures taken. The greatest interest is to study features of energy metabolism in various forms of obesity. It is necessary to create an evidence-based, personalized approach to diet therapy and to increase the effectiveness of weight loss measures. Modern studies have shown that the use of indirect calorimetry in obesity treatment programs leads to greater weight loss compared to traditional diet therapy planning based on calculated formulas.

scholarly journals New Horizons: Is Obesity a Disorder of Neurotransmission?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Caron ◽  
Natalie Jane Michael
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Atypical Antipsychotics ◽  
Central Control ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
System A ◽  
Obesity Therapy ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Obesity is a disease of the nervous system. While some will view this statement as provocative, others will take it as obvious. Whatever our side is, the pharmacology tells us that targeting the nervous system works for promoting weight loss. It works, but at what cost? Is the nervous system a safe target for sustainable treatment of obesity? What have we learned – and unlearned – about the central control of energy balance in the last few years? In this Mini-Review, we provide a thought-provoking exploration of obesity as a disorder of neurotransmission. We discuss the state of knowledge on the brain pathways regulating energy homeostasis that are commonly targeted in anti-obesity therapy and explore how medications affecting neurotransmission such as atypical antipsychotics, antidepressants and antihistamines relate to body weight. Our goal is to provide the endocrine community with a conceptual framework that will help expending our understanding of the pathophysiology of obesity, a disease of the nervous system.

scholarly journals Revisión sistemática sobre los estudios de intervención de actividad física para el tratamiento de la obesidad (Systematic Review of Physical Activity Programs for the treatment of Obesity)

Retos ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 261-266
Author(s):  
Jorge Cuadri Fernández ◽  
Inmaculada Tornero Quiñones ◽  
Ángela Sierra Robles ◽  
Jesús Manuel Sáez Padilla
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Isi Web Of Science ◽  
Revisión Sistemática ◽  
Nuevas Tecnologías ◽  
Induce Weight Loss ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

El objetivo de esta revisión fue conocer el estado actual del tratamiento de la obesidad en adultos mediante estudios de intervención que apliquen la Actividad Física (AF) como uno de los pilares fundamentales. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos Pubmed, ISI Web of Science y Scopus descartando en la búsqueda aquellos resultados referentes a niños, mujeres embarazadas y personas mayores. De los 850 resultados iniciales, se seleccionaron 27 artículos referentes a programas de actividad física que combinaban de diferente forma el ejercicio físico y la dieta para el tratamiento de la obesidad. En conclusión, aunque diferentes programas lograban reducir la obesidad, los más eficaces fueron los que combinaron dieta y ejercicio físico, siendo más recomendables aquellos en los que se realizaba una combinación de entrenamiento aeróbico y de fuerza resistencia muscular. Otros aspectos como sesiones para el cambio del comportamiento y el apoyo de las nuevas tecnologías pueden ayudar a la eficacia de la intervención. Abstract. The aim of this review was to highlight the current state of obesity treatment programs that include physical activity. The search was performed in Pubmed, ISI Web of Science and Scopus databases, with programs applied in children, pregnant women, and older people being excluded from the final sample. Of the 850 initial results, we selected 27 articles regarding programs implementing exercise and diet for the treatment of obesity. In conclusion, though different programs may induce weight loss, the most efficacious incorporate exercise and diet, programs combining muscular endurance and resistance being the most recommended. Other aspects like behavioral change sessions and new technologies support may imply greater weight loss.

The diagnostic criteria of "weight loss plateau" phenomenon in the treatment of obesity

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Elena M. Golaido ◽  
Anna V. Galitskaya
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Diet Therapy ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Sample Standard Deviation ◽  
Sample Mean ◽  
Scientific Dialogue ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Weight Loss Plateau

Background. The phenomenon of "weight loss plateau" is not fully understood, and because of this practitioners may reasonably have difficulties in determining its truth or falsity; there is no clear boarders to identify this condition. Aims. To generate diagnostic criteria of "weight loss plateau" phenomenon useful for estimating the rate of weight gain dynamics in the treatment of obesity. Materials and methods. Statistical analysis of basal metabolism (BM) calculated level (the sample mean and sample standard deviation) on the basis of potential mathematically matched anthropometric data with subsequent determination of the proportion of these BM values difference in overweight and obesity patients, and numbers of the desired weight. Results. Formation of a numeric array on theoretically inherent output, obtained the average proportion of the difference between present BM values and recommended indicators that are proposed to be guided to determine the phenomenon of "weight loss plateau" in the process of diet therapy of obesity. Conclusions. Authors offer available for using algorithm, which allows establish the potential availability of "weight loss plateau" phenomenon and its truth or falsity on different stages of weight loss process in obesity. These arguments need further scientific dialogue and research.

Liraglutide for the Treatment of Obesity: Analyzing Published Reviews

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (15) ◽  
pp. 1783-1790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosario Pastor ◽  
Josep A. Tur
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

Background: Several drugs have been currently approved for the treatment of obesity. The pharmacokinetic of liraglutide, as well as the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, have been widely described. Objective: To analyze the published systematic reviews on the use of liraglutide for the treatment of obesity. Methods: Systematic reviews were found out through MEDLINE searches, through EBSCO host and the Cochrane Library based on the following terms: "liraglutide" as major term and using the following Medical Subject Headings (MesH) terms: "obesity", "overweight", "weight loss". A total of 3 systematic reviews were finally included to be analyzed. Results: From the three systematic reviews selected, only two included the randomized clinical trials, while the third study reviewed both randomized and non-randomized clinical trials. Only one review performed statistical tests of heterogeneity and a meta-analysis, combining the results of individual studies. Another review showed the results of individual studies with odds ratio and confidence interval, but a second one just showed the means and confidence intervals. In all studies, weight loss was registered in persons treated with liraglutide in a dose dependent form, reaching a plateau at 3.0 mg dose, which was reached just in men. Most usual adverse events were gastrointestinal. Conclusion: More powerful and prospective studies are needed to assess all aspects related to liraglutide in the overweight and obesity treatment.

scholarly journals Evidence-Based Digital Tools for Weight Loss Maintenance: The NoHoW Project

Obesity Facts ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
R. James Stubbs ◽  
Cristiana Duarte ◽  
António L. Palmeira ◽  
Falko F. Sniehotta ◽  
Graham Horgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Behaviour Change Techniques ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Behavioural Science ◽  
Digital Architecture

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Effective interventions and commercial programmes for weight loss (WL) are widely available, but most people regain weight. Few effective WL maintenance (WLM) solutions exist. The most promising evidence-based behaviour change techniques for WLM are self-monitoring, goal setting, action planning and control, building self-efficacy, and techniques that promote autonomous motivation (e.g., provide choice). Stress management and emotion regulation techniques show potential for prevention of relapse and weight regain. Digital technologies (including networked-wireless tracking technologies, online tools and smartphone apps, multimedia resources, and internet-based support) offer attractive tools for teaching and supporting long-term behaviour change techniques. However, many digital offerings for weight management tend not to include evidence-based content and the evidence base is still limited. <b><i>The Project:</i></b> First, the project examined why, when, and how many European citizens make WL and WLM attempts and how successful they are. Second, the project employed the most up-to-date behavioural science research to develop a digital toolkit for WLM based on 2 key conditions, i.e., self-management (self-regulation and motivation) of behaviour and self-management of emotional responses for WLM. Then, the NoHoW trial tested the efficacy of this digital toolkit in adults who achieved clinically significant (≥5%) WL in the previous 12 months (initial BMI ≥25). The primary outcome was change in weight (kg) at 12 months from baseline. Secondary outcomes included biological, psychological, and behavioural moderators and mediators of long-term energy balance (EB) behaviours, and user experience, acceptability, and cost-effectiveness. <b><i>Impact:</i></b> The project will directly feed results from studies on European consumer behaviour, design and evaluation of digital toolkits self-management of EB behaviours into development of new products and services for WLM and digital health. The project has developed a framework and digital architecture for interventions in the context of EB tracking and will generate results that will help inform the next generation of personalised interventions for effective self-management of weight and health.

scholarly journals Targeting Autophagy to Counteract Obesity-Associated Oxidative Stress

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Federico Pietrocola ◽  
José Manuel Bravo-San Pedro
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Redox Biology ◽  
Obesity Therapy ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Shed Light

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) operate as key regulators of cellular homeostasis within a physiological range of concentrations, yet they turn into cytotoxic entities when their levels exceed a threshold limit. Accordingly, ROS are an important etiological cue for obesity, which in turn represents a major risk factor for multiple diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and cancer. Therefore, the implementation of novel therapeutic strategies to improve the obese phenotype by targeting oxidative stress is of great interest for the scientific community. To this end, it is of high importance to shed light on the mechanisms through which cells curtail ROS production or limit their toxic effects, in order to harness them in anti-obesity therapy. In this review, we specifically discuss the role of autophagy in redox biology, focusing on its implication in the pathogenesis of obesity. Because autophagy is specifically triggered in response to redox imbalance as a quintessential cytoprotective mechanism, maneuvers based on the activation of autophagy hold promises of efficacy for the prevention and treatment of obesity and obesity-related morbidities.

scholarly journals Group dynamics are associated with weight loss in the behavioral treatment of obesity

Obesity ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1563-1569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Nackers ◽  
Pamela J. Dubyak ◽  
Xiaomin Lu ◽  
Stephen D. Anton ◽  
Gareth R. Dutton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

scholarly journals Use of a Highly Antioxidant Diet in the Regulation of Adipose Tissue Secretion in Patients after the BIB Procedure

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1108
Author(s):  
Edyta Balejko ◽  
Jerzy Balejko
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Diet Therapy ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
Reducing Ability ◽  
Bariatric Patients ◽  
Antioxidant Diet

Obesity is a global problem. The secretory activity of adipose tissue causes inflammation and disturbs metabolic parameters. Low-invasive bariatric procedures are an alternative to surgical treatment, especially in individuals who do not qualify for surgery or in whom conservative treatment does not bring the expected results. The diets designed for bariatric patients contained an increased proportion of bioflavonoids. The dietary components were carefully selected to provide anti-inflammatory effects. The experimental diets showed an antioxidant capacity (TEAC) of 433–969 µM TE/100 g or 100 mL, reducing ability (FRAP) of 13–58 µM TE/100 g or 100 mL, and total polyphenol content of 80–250 mg catechins/100 g or 100 mL. Lower levels of adipocytokines were obtained in the blood of patients following the diet. The results of the present study showed the participation of some adipocytokines in the regulation of energy homeostasis, lipid metabolism, glucose level, blood pressure and inflammation. Diet therapy should yield positive results in the long term, with the possibility of using immune modulation in personalized therapy for metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Dietary energy density in the treatment of obesity: a year-long trial comparing 2 weight-loss diets

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 1465-1477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia A Ello-Martin ◽  
Liane S Roe ◽  
Jenny H Ledikwe ◽  
Amanda M Beach ◽  
Barbara J Rolls
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Dietary Energy Density

Infant Obesity, Weight Reduction with Normal Increase in Linear Growth and Fat-free Body Mass

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-145
Author(s):  
JOYCE M. PEIPERT ◽  
VIRGINIA A. STALLINGS ◽  
GERARD T. BERRY ◽  
JULE ANNE D. HENSTENBURG
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Induce Weight Loss ◽  
Infant Obesity ◽  
Normal Increase ◽  
Free Body ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

Dietary caloric restriction, as a means to induce weight loss, is seldom used as a treatment of obesity in infancy for fear that permanent stunting of growth may result.1-4 Thus, there is little information on controlled weight loss as the treatment for infant obesity or, more importantly, its effect on growth in length, head circumference, and fat-free body mass during weight loss.5 We present a case of an obese infant who, secondary to a metabolic disorder, required nutritional support both intravenously and by nasogastric tube. During 15 months, the patient's resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured to determine an appropriate caloric intake to promote weight loss and later weight maintenance.

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