Dynamics of the blood adiponectin levels during treatment of obesity in the adolescents: comparison of two therapeutic modalities

The objective of the present study was to analyse dynamics of the serum adiponectin levels during treatment of obesity in the adolescents. A total of 34 patients at the age varying from 12 to 17 years presenting with "simple" constitutional exogenous obesity were available for observation. All of them had metabolic complications, such as impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and arterial hypertension. A course of motivational education for the change of lifestyle was provided to 15 patients and their parents in combination with healthy diets, physical activities, and orlistat intake (120 mg, one capsule thrice daily) during 6 months. The patients of the control group (n=19) were given non-medicamental therapy alone. The effectiveness of therapy was estimated before, 6 and 12 months after its initiation. The combined treatment of complicated obesity in the adolescents was shown to promote a decrease of the body weight by 0.04-0.08 SDS of MBI within one year after the onset of therapy. Simultaneously, the degree of dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism was reduced whereas the serum adiponectin levels increased. The study failed to reveal advantages of orlistat treatment for the reduction of BMI. At the same time, the introduction of this medication into combined therapy of obesity in adolescents resulted in a clinically significant decrease of the frequency of dyslipidemia, largely due to lowering the total cholesterol and LDLP cholesterol levels. Orlistat therapy was well tolerated by the patients. Variations in the adiponectin level were in agreement with body weight dynamics and changes of insulin resistance. It is concluded that low serum adiponectin levels in association with the high frequency of complications may suggest high risk of progression of metabolic disturbances in obese adolescents towards adulthood.

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PO-271 Effects of accumulated exercise with different intensities on insulin resistance in mice

Exercise Biochemistry Review ◽

10.14428/ebr.v1i5.11203 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Yuli Zhang ◽

Songtao Wang ◽

Fei Liang ◽

Xiangyu Shuai ◽

Weibao Liang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Body Weight ◽

High Intensity ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

Exercise Program ◽

Exercise Group ◽

The Body ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Control Group ◽

Continuous Exercise

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8-week moderate-intensity and high-intensity accumulated exercise on insulin resistance in mice, compared with the moderate intensity continuous exercise with equal workload, which will provide an experimental reference for seeking a more reasonable and effective exercise program to break sedentary behavior and improve metabolic diseases such as IR. Methods Eighty 4-week-old C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into normal diet group (group C) and high-fat diet group (group H), fed with different diet. At the 10th weekend, insulin resistance model was judged by OGTT curve (AUC) and fasting blood glucose. All mice with insulin resistance were randomly divided into four groups: IR control group (IC), IR moderate-intensity continuous exercise group (IE), IR moderate-intensity accumulated exercise group (IM), IR high-intensity accumulated exercise group (IH), retained normal diet control group (C), with 12 mice for each group. All groups were fed with normal feed. The three exercise-related group performed an 8-week’s treadmill exercise program with equal workload (involve preparation and relaxation activities,0°platform slope, 5 days/week). For IE group, mice run 50min continuously with the velocity of 11m/min. For IM group，mice exercised 12.5 min per session, total 4 sessions per day, with 3-hour’s interval and the velocity of 11m/min. The IH group performed an alike exercise program with IM group, except the running speed (19m/min) and exercise time (7.5min). On the 8th weekend of exercise, FBG, OCTT, FINS, HOME- IR, and ISI were tested for each groups. Results 1. Compared with group C, body weight, FBG and OGTT-AUC were significantly increased in group H (P<0.05 or P<0.01). 76% mice were induced to insulin resistance successfully. 2. Before and after exercise intervention of 8 weeks, there were no significant changes in body weight and OGTT-AUC, while the FBG was significantly increased in IC group (P<0.05). Body weight, FBG, and OGTT-AUC significantly decreased in IE group, IM group and IH group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). 3. After 8 weeks of exercise intervention, the FBG in the IE group, IM group, and IH group were significantly lower than that in C group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with the IC group, the FBG, FINS, OGTT-AUC, and HOME-IR in IM group, IH group and IE group were lower than those in the IC group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with the IE group, the body weight and HOME-IR index of IH group were significantly lower than those in IE group (P<0.01). Compared with IH group, the HOME-IR in IH group was lower than that in IM group (P<0.05); There was no significant difference between IM group and IE group. Conclusions 1. Chronic moderate-intensity continuous exercise, moderate-intensity accumulated exercise, and high-intensity accumulated exercise all can effectively improve the glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in IR mice. 2.Compared with moderate-intensity accumulated exercise and moderate-intensity continuous exercise, the high-intensity accumulated exercise with equal workload is more effective in reducing the body weight and improving insulin resistance in IR mice.

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PEX-168 Improves Insulin Resistance, Inflammatory Response and Adipokines in Simple Obese Mice: A Mechanistic Exploration

10.21203/rs.3.rs-594114/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zeyuan Guo ◽

Yuting Wu ◽

Xiaofang Sun

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Body Weight ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Low Dose ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Obese Mice ◽

Short Period ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Different Doses

Abstract Background：Polyethylene glycol losenatide (PEX-168) is a new antidiabetic drug; as such, there are not yet any reports on its weight loss effect. Therefore, this trial was designed to investigate the effect of PEX-168 on simple obese mice.Methods：Thirty healthy male C57BL/6 mice were randomly selected and divided into a control group (NC) and an obesity model group. The high-fat diet-induced simple obesity mice were divided into a model control group (HF) and three intervention groups. The intervention groups were injected with different doses of PEX-168 intraperitoneally once a week for 12 weeks (low (LD), medium (MD) and high (HD)). Fasting blood glucose (FBG), body weight and food intake were measured from 1 to 12 weeks after PEX-168 injection. The serum insulin (INS), C-reactive protein (CRP), chemerin and omentin levels were measured after 12 weeks.Results：Compared with the HF group, the low dose of PEX-168 reduced the body weight of the mice in a short period of time (8 weeks), and the mice in the LDand HD groups showed a significant decrease in body weight (P < 0.05). The low dose of PEX-168 could effectively improve the blood glucose and insulin resistance index (Homa-IR) of the mice (FBG P < 0.05 INS, Homa-IR P < 0.001), but there was no significant difference between different doses (P > 0.05). CRP levels in the HD and LD groups were significantly improved (P < 0.05). The levels of serum chemerin and omentin in the intervention groups were also significantly improved (P < 0.01), but there was no significant difference between the different doses (P > 0.05).Conclusion：PEX-168 significantly reduced the body weight of simple obese mice and prevented the development of diabetes. PEX-168 may regulate the expression of chemerin and omentin mainly through its hypoglycaemic effect, and the weight-reducing effect of PEX-168 is unlikely to be the reason for the changes in both.

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PEX-168 Improves Insulin Resistance, Inflammatory Response and Adipokines in Simple Obese Mice: A Mechanistic Exploration

10.21203/rs.3.rs-594114/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zeyuan Guo ◽

Yuting Wu ◽

Sun Xiaofang

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Body Weight ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Low Dose ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Obese Mice ◽

Short Period ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Different Doses

Abstract Background: Polyethylene glycol losenatide (PEX-168) is a new antidiabetic drug; as such, there are not yet any reports on its weight loss effect. Therefore, this trial was designed to investigate the effect of PEX-168 on simple obese mice.Methods: Thirty healthy male C57BL/6 mice were randomly selected and divided into a control group (NC, n=6) and an obesity model group (n=24). The high-fat diet-induced simple obesity mice were divided into a model control group (HF) and three intervention groups receiving different doses of PEX-168 (low (LD), medium (MD) and high (HD), receiving PEX-168 doses of 0.03 mg/kg, 0.1 mg/kg, 0.3 mg/kg, respectively), with 6 animals in each group. The intervention groups were injected with different doses of PEX-168 intraperitoneally once a week for 12 weeks. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), body weight and food intake were measured from 1 to 12 weeks after PEX-168 injection. The activity of the mice was observed, and serum insulin (INS), C-reactive protein (CRP) chemerin and omentin levels were measured after 12 weeks.Results: Compared with the HF group, the low dose of PEX-168 reduced the body weight of the mice in a short period of time (8 weeks), and the mice in the LD and HD groups showed a significant decrease in body weight (P < 0.05). The low dose of PEX-168 could effectively improve the blood glucose and insulin resistance index (Homa-IR) of the mice (FBG P < 0.05 INS, Homa-IR P < 0.001), but there was no significant difference between different doses (P > 0.05). CRP levels in the HD and LD groups were significantly improved (P < 0.05). The levels of serum chemerin and omentin in the intervention groups were also significantly improved (P < 0.01), but there was no significant difference between the different doses (P > 0.05).Conclusion: PEX-168 significantly reduced the body weight of simple obese mice and prevented the development of diabetes. PEX-168 may regulate the expression of chemerin and omentin mainly through its hypoglycaemic effect, and the weight-reducing effect of PEX-168 is unlikely to be the reason for the changes in both.

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Anti-Diabetic and Hypolipidemic Effect of Coccinia Indica in Glucocorticoid Induced Insulin Resistance

Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal ◽

10.13005/bpj/2107 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 133-140

Author(s):

Narendar Koyagura ◽

V. Hemanth Kumar ◽

Chandrakumar Shanmugam

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Body Weight ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Coccinia Indica ◽

Group 2

This study explores the anti-diabetic, insulin sensitizing and hypolipidemic activity of Coccinia indica (C.indica) leaf extract (ethanolic) in glucocorticoid induced insulin resistance (IR). A 12 day study with 5 groups of 30 male Wistar albino rats, with 6 rats in each was conducted. The rats in all the groups except group 1 received dexamethasone (8mg/kg/i.p.) from 7th to 12th day to induce IR. The groups 1 and 2 received 2% gum acacia orally for 12 days whereas the groups 3 & 4 received oral ethanolic extract of C.indica leaf in the dose of 1 and 2 gm/kg, respectively. The standard control (group 5) received metformin (1gm/kg) orally for 12 days. Fasting serum glucose, insulin and lipid levels were estimated at the beginning and end of the study. The insulin sensitivity indices (homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance and sensitivity, fasting glucose to insulin ratio, hepatic & atherogenic indices) were calculated. The body weight was monitored on alternate days. The liver weight, volume and histopathology were also done. Compared to group 2 rats, the group’s 3 & 4 demonstrated significant(p<0.05) dose dependent lowering of serum glucose, insulin and lipids as well as lowered IR, improved insulin sensitivity and reduced hepatic steatosis. Additionally, group 2 rats had low body weight and hepatomegaly. This extract demonstrated significant anti-diabetic, hypolipidemic and insulin sensitizing activity. Hence it can be used as an effective alternative for treating type2 diabetes mellitus.

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The influence of sibutramine therapy on the body composition and metabolic characteristics of the patients presenting with exogenous constitutional obesity

Problems of Endocrinology ◽

10.14341/probl201258134-38 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 34-38

Author(s):

Iu Iu Vlasova ◽

A S Ametov

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Body Weight ◽

Total Cholesterol Level ◽

Combined Treatment ◽

Substantial Reduction ◽

Systolic Arterial Pressure ◽

The Body ◽

Metabolic Characteristics ◽

Treatment Of Obesity ◽

Substantial Change

The treatment of 36 patients suffering exogenous constitutional obesity (ECO) with sibutramine during 12 weeks resulted in the substantial reduction of body weight, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). Simultaneously, the total cholesterol level in the blood decreased. The reduction in the body weight had positive effect on carbohydrate metabolism. Medicamental treatment of obesity caused a drop in systolic arterial pressure and a substantial change in the body composition. Specifically, percentage of both total and visceral fat as well as basal metabolism decreased, water retention in the body increased while the muscular mass remained unaltered. It is concluded that the introduction of Sibutramine into the combined treatment of exogenous constitutional obesity effectively promotes the reduction of the body weight, improvement of the body composition and metabolic characteristics.

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PEX-168 improves insulin resistance, inflammatory response and adipokines in simple obese mice: a mechanistic exploration

BMC Endocrine Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12902-021-00908-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zeyuan Guo ◽

Yuting Wu ◽

Lihua Zhu ◽

Yong Wang ◽

Daorong Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Body Weight ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Low Dose ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Obese Mice ◽

Short Period ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Different Doses

Abstract Background Polyethylene glycol loxenatide (PEX-168) is a new antidiabetic drug; as such, there are not yet any reports on its weight loss effect. Therefore, this trial was designed to investigate the effect of PEX-168 on simple obese mice. Methods Thirty healthy male C57BL/6 mice were randomly selected and divided into a control group (NC) and an obesity model group. The high-fat diet-induced simple obesity mice were divided into a model control group (HF) and three intervention groups. The intervention groups were injected with different doses of PEX-168 intraperitoneally once a week for 12 weeks (low (LD), medium (MD) and high (HD)). Fasting blood glucose (FBG), body weight and food intake were measured from 1 to 12 weeks after PEX-168 injection. The serum insulin (INS), C-reactive protein (CRP), chemerin and omentin levels were measured after 12 weeks. Results Compared with the HF group, the low dose of PEX-168 reduced the body weight of the mice in a short period of time (8 weeks), and the mice in the MD and HD groups showed a significant decrease in body weight (P < 0.05). The low dose of PEX-168 could effectively improve the blood glucose and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (Homa-IR) of the mice (FBG P < 0.05 INS, Homa-IR P < 0.001), but there was no significant difference between different doses (P > 0.05). CRP levels in the MD and HD groups were significantly improved (P < 0.05). The levels of serum chemerin and omentin in the intervention groups were also significantly improved (P < 0.01), but there was no significant difference between the different doses (P > 0.05). Conclusions PEX-168 significantly reduced the body weight of simple obese mice and improved the insulin resistance. PEX-168 may regulate the expression of chemerin and omentin through its hypoglycaemic effect, and the weight-reducing effect of PEX-168 is unlikely to be the reason for the changes in both.

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L-Ascorbic Acid Addition to Chitosan Reduces Body Weight in Overweight Women

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000187 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 84 (1-2) ◽

pp. 5-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eun Y. Jung ◽

Sung C. Jun ◽

Un J. Chang ◽

Hyung J. Suh

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Body Weight ◽

Fat Body ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Skinfold Thickness ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Percentage Body Fat ◽

Overweight Women ◽

Body Weights

Previously, we have found that the addition of L-ascorbic acid to chitosan enhanced the reduction in body weight gain in guinea pigs fed a high-fat diet. We hypothesized that the addition of L-ascorbic acid to chitosan would accelerate the reduction of body weight in humans, similar to the animal model. Overweight subjects administered chitosan with or without L-ascorbic acid for 8 weeks, were assigned to three groups: Control group (N = 26, placebo, vehicle only), Chito group (N = 27, 3 g/day chitosan), and Chito-vita group (N = 27, 3 g/day chitosan plus 2 g/day L-ascorbic acid). The body weights and body mass index (BMI) of the Chito and Chito-vita groups decreased significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the Control group. The BMI of the Chito-vita group decreased significantly compared to the Chito group (Chito: -1.0 kg/m2 vs. Chito-vita: -1.6 kg/m2, p < 0.05). The results showed that the chitosan enhanced reduction of body weight and BMI was accentuated by the addition of L-ascorbic acid. The fat mass, percentage body fat, body circumference, and skinfold thickness in the Chito and Chito-vita groups decreased more than the Control group; however, these parameters were not significantly different between the three groups. Chitosan combined with L-ascorbic acid may be useful for controlling body weight.

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The Effect of Feeding Date Palm Fruit (Phoeix dactylifera L.) on Energy, Macronutrient, and Fiber Intakes of a Convenient Sample of Females

Current Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.2174/1573401316666200326110555 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. 1270-1277

Author(s):

Hiba F. Al-Sayyed ◽

Hamed R. Takruri ◽

Nawal A. Bakir ◽

Dima H. Takruri

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Body Fat ◽

Date Palm ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Hormone Concentration ◽

Palm Fruit ◽

Menstrual Status ◽

Feeding Duration ◽

Effect Of Feeding

Background : Female menstrual changes in hormone concentration influence appetite and eating behavior. As well, eating pattern has some influences on menstrual hormonal status. Feeding date palm fruit has been found in our previous report to affect menstrual hormones and some menstrual parameters. Objective: The aim of this research is to study the effect of feeding dates on energy, macronutrient, and fiber intakes, body weight, and body fat%. Additionally, this study aims to find any correlation between menstrual hormone concentration and the above-mentioned parameters. Methods: A convenient sample (n=37) of not-sexually active females aged 20-30 were divided into two groups; one group (dates group) was fed 7 dates and the other served as a control group. The participants of the control group were exposed to the same experimental conditions except for eating dates. Throughout the feeding trial, the volunteers filled a 3-day food record; one menses day and two non-menses days. Results: There was a significant effect of the menstrual status-feeding duration interaction in terms of protein and fat intakes. Additionally, menstrual status, as well as feeding duration, affected energy and macronutrient intakes significantly. Furthermore, feeding duration affected fiber intake significantly. Despite the above-mentioned differences in energy and macronutrient intakes, these effects didn’t affect the body weight and body mass index of the study participants, neither their body fat%. Moreover, we have found significant correlations between nutrient intakes and menstrual hormone concentration. Conclusion : Feeding dates affected energy, macronutrient, and fiber intakes significantly. These effects were related to the changes in menstrual hormone concentration.

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Effect of High Plane of Nutrition on Blood Biochemical Profile and Onset of Puberty in Prepubertal HF X Kankrej Crossbred Heifers

THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY ◽

10.21887/ijvsbt.15.2.4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (02) ◽

pp. 14-17

Author(s):

K K Hadiya ◽

A J Dhami ◽

D V Chaudhari ◽

P M Lunagariya

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Treatment Group ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Age Of Onset ◽

The Body ◽

Monthly Interval ◽

Control Group ◽

Blood Biochemical ◽

Lower Protein ◽

The Mean

This study was initiated on 24 prepubertal Holstein x Kankrej crossbred heifers of nearly identical age (7-9 months) and body weight (130-140 kg) at University farm to evaluate the effect of high plane of nutrition on blood biochemical and minerals profile and the age at puberty. Twelve heifers were managed under routine farm feeding (control) and the rest 12 under ideal optimum feeding regime (treatment) that included extra 1 kg concentrate, 30 g min mix and ad-lib dry fodder. The body weight and ovarian ultrasonography together with blood sampling was carried out at monthly interval from 10 to 18 months of age to study the ovarian dynamics and blood biochemical changes. High plane of nutrition to growing heifers was beneficial in reducing the age of onset of puberty (by 2-3 months) compared to routine farm fed group. The mean plasma total protein and cholesterol concentrations showed a rising trend with significant variations from 10 to 16 months of age, where it got mostly stabilized indicating adult profile. The activity of enzymes GOT and GPT also rose gradually and significantly from 10 months till 14-15 months of age, and thereafter it remained more or less static till 18 months of age. The levels of both these enzymes were higher, with lower protein and cholesterol, in control than the treatment group from 15-16 months of age onwards. The mean plasma levels of both calcium and phosphorus increased gradually and significantly with advancing age till 16-17 months of age, with little higher values in supplemented than a control group. The plasma levels of zinc, iron, copper, and cobalt also showed rising trend with significant differences between 10th and 12th-14th months of age, and from 15th to 18th months of age the levels were statistically the same in all the groups with slightly higher values in the treatment group.

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Predictive Markers of Early Cardiovascular Impairment and Insulin Resistance in Obese Pediatric Patients

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11040735 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 735

Author(s):

Laura Mihaela Trandafir ◽

Elena Cojocaru ◽

Mihaela Moscalu ◽

Maria Magdalena Leon Constantin ◽

Ingrith Miron ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Plasma Cortisol ◽

Predictive Power ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Homa Index ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Metabolic Markers ◽

Markers Of Inflammation

Background: The increased prevalence of obesity among children determined the rising number of its comorbidities in children and adults, too. This study aimed to evaluate certain markers of inflammation and insulin resistance in obese pediatric patients, identifying those who are more likely to develop further complications. Methods: We included 115 obese pediatric patients: 85 overweight and obese patients in the study group and 30 normal-weight patients in the control group. We calculated the body mass index (BMI) and we evaluated markers (biological, inflammatory) and the hormones profile. Results: Low-threshold inflammation was assessed by measuring interleukin 6 IL-6 and Intercellular Adhesion Molecules (ICAM). The analysis showed that IL-6 is significantly correlated with glucose (p = 0.001) and BMI value (p = 0.031). ICAM correlates significantly with triglycerides (p = 0.001), glucose (p = 0.044) and BMI percentile (p = 0.037). For pediatric obese patients, endotoxemia has been significantly correlated only with BMI percentile (p = 0.001). Plasma cortisol did not show significant correlations with total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose or BMI percentile. The results indicated a significant predictive power of BMI percentile on inflammatory markers: IL-6 (AUC = 0.803, p < 0.001), ICAM (AUC = 0.806, p < 0.001) and endotoxemia (AUC = 0.762, p = 0.019). Additionally, BMI percentile has a significant predictive power for metabolic markers of insulin resistance (insulin value: AUC = 0.72, p < 0.001 and HOMA index: AUC = 0.68, p = 0.003). Conclusions: The study highlighted the importance of early markers of cardiovascular risk in obese pediatric patients represented by IL-6, ICAM, endotoxemia and their correlation with metabolic markers of insulin resistance represented by insulinemia, HOMA index and plasma cortisol. It can clearly be considered that the BMI percentile has significant predictive power for metabolic markers of insulin resistance.

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