Balo's concentric sclerosis: a clinical case

This paper describes a case of Balo's concentric sclerosis, a rare demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), which is currently classified as multiple sclerosis. In recent years, there has been a more favorable clinical course of Balo's sclerosis. The significant polymorphism of clinical manifestations of the disease, its neuroimaging pattern, and laboratory tests cause difficulties diagnosing this pathology. Its differentiation with CNS tumors presents a particular challenge. So it also happens in the described clinical case, when computed tomography revealed the signs of space-occupying lesion, the histological pattern of concentric focus biopsy specimen indicated the presence of protoplasmic astrocytoma. However, immunohistochemical analyses of the biopsy specimen, immunological examination of cerebrospinal fluid, as well as the typical magnetic resonance imaging changes of Balo's sclerosis could suggest the demyelinating nature of the pathological process. The article shows that immunohistochemical techniques for examining a brain biopsy specimen and immunological assays of blood and cerebrospinal fluid are of great diagnostic value.

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Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in an HIV patient was diagnosed by 3 times lumbar punctures and 2 times brain biopsies

Journal of NeuroVirology ◽

10.1007/s13365-020-00893-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 952-956

Author(s):

Mengyan Wang ◽

Zhongdong Zhang ◽

Jinchuan Shi ◽

Hong Liu ◽

Binhai Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy ◽

Demyelinating Disease ◽

Jc Virus ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Brain Biopsy ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Negative Results ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Rule Out

AbstractProgressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare demyelinating disease of the central nervous system caused by JC virus (JCV) and is difficult to diagnose. We report on a male HIV-positive patient with PML finally diagnosed by 3 times lumbar punctures and 2 times brain biopsies. Negative results of JCV-PCR in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) do not rule out the diagnosis of PML when clinical manifestations and neuroimaging features suspected PML. It is necessary to obtain new CSF and make repeat tests and even perform brain biopsy.

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Disseminated Liver Alveococcosis with Involving the Lower Villa of Vienna (Clinical Case)

Medical Visualization ◽

10.24835/1607-0763-2017-6-76-87 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 76-87

Author(s):

O. I. Ashivkina ◽

Yu. A. Stepanova ◽

O. I. Zhavoronkova ◽

Ya. Ya. Gavrilov ◽

N. I. Yashina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surgical Treatment ◽

High Frequency ◽

Clinical Case ◽

Inferior Vena ◽

Vena Cava ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Pathological Process ◽

Hepatic Tissue ◽

Parasitic Diseases ◽

Significant Spread

Among parasitic diseases, liver alveococcosis is a particular complication. It is often compared with parasitic liver cancer, due to infiltrative growth, the possibility of metastasis, as well as the high frequency of relapse after surgical treatment. However, the main difference between the course of alveococcosis liver damage is a slow infiltrative growth, which, in combination with large compensatory capacities of the hepatic tissue, often leads to the fact that the clinical manifestations of the disease occur late, even with a significant spread of the pathological process, at the stage of complications. At the same time, complete operative re moval of the tumor remains the only radical treatment for such patients. We present the clinical case of the diagnosis and multistage treatment of the patient E., 57 years old, with the widespread liver alveococcosis involving the inferior vena cava.

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The significance of diagnostic aspects of Holter ECG monitoring in verifying the causes of syncopal states in young patients (clinical cases)

Reports of Vinnytsia National Medical University ◽

10.31393/reports-vnmedical-2019-23(4)-11 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 621-624

Author(s):

N.M. Chirka ◽

L.M. Vakolyuk

Keyword(s):

Young People ◽

Clinical Case ◽

Young Patients ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Unknown Origin ◽

Heart Rhythm ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Outpatient Basis ◽

Ecg Monitoring ◽

Holter Ecg

Annotation. Fainting (syncope) in a given period of life occurs in almost a third of the population, but only in a small number of cases it is a manifestation of a serious disease. The purpose of this observation is to determine the causes of unconscious conditions in young people without a painful history and the absence of any other clinical manifestations and pathological changes in generally accepted laboratory and instrumental examinations. Holter daily ECG monitoring is today considered one of the most important and most effective ways to diagnose heart rhythm disturbances. This article discusses two cases of syncope in young people. The first clinical case occurred in a guy 24 years old. On an outpatient basis, a survey was conducted. All indicators were within the standard values. The patient was diagnosed with Syncopal conditions of unknown origin. When examining the results of ECG monitoring, the cause of syncope was discovered and established. She turned out to be an intermittent form of AV blockade of the II degree of the II type of highly frequent. The patient was recommended to establish an ECS de mand. The second clinical case occurred in a young patient 40 years old. In this patient, with the help of monitoring, a paroxysmal form of ventricular fibrillation was diagnosed. In these two cases, which we examined in this article, only Holter ECG monitoring is of little diagnostic value for verification of syncope in young patients.

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A Case Report of Bullous Emphysema in an Adolescent: Congenital Malformation or Outcome of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia?

Journal of Rare Diseases and Orphan Drugs ◽

10.36013/jrdod.v2i.36 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 2-6

Author(s):

Svitlana Ilchenko ◽

Anastasiia Fialkovska ◽

Oleksii Makoveychuk

Keyword(s):

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Clinical Case ◽

Diagnostic Method ◽

Correct Diagnosis ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Detailed Examination ◽

Pathological Process ◽

Pulmonary Diseases ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases

Pulmonary emphysema belongs to the group of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, and inpediatric pulmonology is one of the complex diagnoses that require a careful differential diagnosis. Thearticle describes the possible causes of the formation and clinical manifestations of pulmonaryemphysema in children. We present a clinical case of bullous emphysema in a teenager. This case showsthat a detailed examination using such a modern diagnostic method as high-resolution computedtomography played a crucial role in establishing the patient's correct diagnosis. However, establishing thenature of this pathological process in the child was very difficult. Perhaps an earlier diagnosis couldprevent severe irreversible changes in a teenager's lungs would avoid developing the diffusebronchopulmonary process.

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Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis in Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis: An Update

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina55060245 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 55 (6) ◽

pp. 245 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Bruna Lo Sasso ◽

Luisa Agnello ◽

Giulia Bivona ◽

Chiara Bellia ◽

Marcello Ciaccio

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Demyelinating Disease ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Laboratory Diagnosis ◽

Oligoclonal Bands ◽

Csf Biomarkers ◽

Laboratory Findings

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with brain neurodegeneration. MS patients present heterogeneous clinical manifestations in which both genetic and environmental factors are involved. The diagnosis is very complex due to the high heterogeneity of the pathophysiology of the disease. The diagnostic criteria have been modified several times over the years. Basically, they include clinical symptoms, presence of typical lesions detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and laboratory findings. The analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) allows an evaluation of inflammatory processes circumscribed to the CNS and reflects changes in the immunological pattern due to the progression of the pathology, being fundamental in the diagnosis and monitoring of MS. The detection of the oligoclonal bands (OCBs) in both CSF and serum is recognized as the “gold standard” for laboratory diagnosis of MS, though presents analytical limitations. Indeed, current protocols for OCBs assay are time-consuming and require an operator-dependent interpretation. In recent years, the quantification of free light chain (FLC) in CSF has emerged to assist clinicians in the diagnosis of MS. This article reviews the current knowledge on CSF biomarkers used in the diagnosis of MS, in particular on the validated assays and on the alternative biomarkers of intrathecal synthesis.

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Features of diagnosis of inflammatory lesions of central nervous system in HIV-infected patients at terminal stage of disease: clinical case

Perm Medical Journal ◽

10.17816/pmj384159-166 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

pp. 159-166

Author(s):

Yu. V. Karakulova ◽

N. E. Seksyaev ◽

D. Yu. Sosnin

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Nervous System ◽

Clinical Picture ◽

Infected Patient ◽

Clinical Case ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Laboratory Diagnostics ◽

Inflammatory Lesions ◽

The Central Nervous System

The authors of the article describe a case of the damage to the central nervous system by fungi of the genus Cryptococcus in a HIV-infected patient. The features of clinical manifestations and laboratory diagnostics are characterized. Special attention is paid to the discrepancy between the sharply changed appearance of the cerebrospinal fluid obtained during lumbar puncture and the clinical picture of the disease as well as the data of laboratory analysis of cerebrospinal fluid.

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Characteristics of acute period of traumatic brain injury in children with hemophilia

Pediatrician (St Petersburg) ◽

10.17816/ped83158-163 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 158-163 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Valentina I Guzeva ◽

Inna V Ochrim ◽

Nadezhda E Maksimova ◽

Oksana V Guzeva ◽

Victoria V Guzeva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Clinical Case ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Pathological Process ◽

Diagnostic Process ◽

Neuroimaging Data ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

A Minor ◽

The Brain

The clinical picture of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children is characterized by pronounced polymorphism. To clarify the severity of TBI and the localization of the pathological process, use computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. The aim of the work was to justify the need for neuroimaging to all children with hemophilia with TBI and to determine the correlation between the severity of clinical manifestations and neuroimaging data. The article describes the clinical case of a favorable outcome of an TBI in a toddler child with hemophilia A. The case is of interest to physicians of various specialties and demonstrates the features of the clinical course of acute TBI with hemophilia. The diagnostic process for TBI was based on complaints, clinical and neuroimaging data. Complaints and the circumstances of the injury are known from the mother's words in connection with the early age of the child and the absence of a formed speech. Methods of investigation: collection of complaints and anamnesis of the disease, neurological examinations, laboratory and instrumental data, including neuroimaging data. It is known that the boy fell off the couch, hit the back of the head, did not lose consciousness, there was no vomiting. A day after receiving the injury, there was an increase in cerebral neurological symptoms. Clinically, hematoma is suspected. On the CT of the brain, epidural hematoma was determined. Thus, the presented clinical case illustrates that even a minor head injury in patients with hemophilia can lead to severe consequences. Neuroimaging of the brain with TBI is indicated for all children with hemophilia, regardless of the severity of clinical manifestations.

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SCHILDER’S DISEASE (CASE)

Bulletin of Siberian Medicine ◽

10.20538/1682-0363-2013-5-133-138 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 133-138

Author(s):

V. M. Alifirova ◽

T. A. Valikova ◽

T. N. Nikolaeva ◽

N. V. Pugachenko ◽

S. V. Vtorushin

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Clinical Case ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Pathological Process ◽

Disease Case ◽

Autopsy Data ◽

Schilder’S Disease ◽

Diffuse Form ◽

The Brain

Schilder’s leukoencephalitis was described by American neurologist and psychiatrist P.F. Schilder (1886– 1940). At present the pathology is regarded as acute diffuse form of multiple sclerosis, and it is characterized by demyelination of the brain. Clinical manifestations of pathological process varied. The disease is a rare, usually in children and adolescents. In patients older than 40 years of death can occur in a period of 6 months to 3 years from the onset of the first symptoms. Considering the rarity of the disease, we present a clinical case with autopsy data from our practice.

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Clinical case of lung lesions in patient with newly diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus

Medical alphabet ◽

10.33667/2078-5631-2019-1-9(384)-53-56 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (9) ◽

pp. 53-57

Author(s):

T. N. Gavva ◽

L. V. Kuzmenkova ◽

Yu. N. Fedulaev ◽

T. V. Pinchuk ◽

D. D. Kaminer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Clinical Case ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Lung Damage ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Systemic Lupus ◽

Lung Lesions ◽

Laboratory Parameters ◽

Clinical Interest

A case of lung damage in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a 33-year-old woman is described. This case is of clinical interest due to the complexity of diagnosis due to the fact that SLE is a disease with diverse clinical manifestations involving many organs and systems, which often makes it difficult to timely recognize the onset of the disease. SLE still remains a challenge and requires special attention to the patient s history, clinical and laboratory parameters of the patient, as well as specific immunological examinations.

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