scholarly journals Sleep disorder trends in 1988–2018 among the 25–64 years old population in Russia/Siberia (WHO MONICA Psychosocial study)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
V. V. Gafarov ◽  
E. A. Gromova ◽  
D. O. Panov ◽  
I. V. Gagulin ◽  
A. N. Tripelgorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Disorder ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Old Men

Objective: to study sleep disorders prevalence and trends among the population of Novosibirsk (age group 25–64 years) in 1988–2018.Patients and methods. We screened a representative sample of a 25–64-year-old population: in 1988–1989 (II screening: 725 men, mean age – 43.4±0.4 years, response – 71.3%; 710 women, mean age – 44.8±0.4 years, response – 72%); in 1994–1995 (III screening: 647 men, mean age – 44.3±0.4 years, response – 82.1%; 391 women, mean age – 45.4±0.4 years, response – 72.5%); in 2003–2005 (IV screening: 576 men, mean age – 54.23±0.2 years, response – 61%; 1074 women, mean age – 54.27±0.2 years, response – 72%); in 2013–2016 (V screening: 427 men, mean age – 34±0.4 years, response – 71%; 548 women, mean age – 35±0.4 years, response – 72%); in 2016–2018 (VI screening: 275 men, mean age – 49±0.4 years, response – 72%; 390 women, mean age – 45±0.4 years, response – 75%) according to the standard MONICA Psychosocial study (MOPSY) protocol. Sleep disorders in the studied population were assessed with Jenkins Sleep Questionnaire.Results and discussion. We found a high prevalence of sleep disorders among the 25–64 years old population with the following trends: decrease from 1988–1989 to 1994–1995 (men – 11 and 8.6%, women – 21.8 and 16.6% respectively); increase in 2003–2018 (men – 13.1%, women – 20.5%). An increase in sleep disorders prevalence in 2003–2018 occurred mainly due to older age groups – 45–64 years (χ2 =122.061; υ=16; p<0.001 – men; χ2 =230.626; υ=16; p<0.001 – women). In 1988–2018 there was a 2-fold increase in sleep disorders prevalence among women than men in all age groups. This increase in sleep disorders prevalence was associated with increasing age, reaching its maximum in the 55–64 age group (men: 1988–1989 – 20.8%, 1994–1995 – 12.1%, 2016–2018 – 19.7%; χ2 =41.093; υ=12; p<0.001; women: 35.8; 21.8; 24.9% respectively; χ2 =22.01; υ=12; p<0.001). Different trends were observed in 25–44 years old women in 1988–2018 and in 35–44 years old men in 2013–2016: sleep disorders prevalence decreased (25–44 years old women: in 1988–1989 – 13.7%, in 1994–1995 – 7.9%, in 2013–2016 – 5.7%; χ2 =24.715; υ=8; p<0.001; 35–44 years old women 35–44: in 1988–1989 – 17.9%, in 1994–1995 – 20%, in 2013–2016 – 14.2%, in 2016–2018 – 10.3%; χ2 =21.177; υ=12; p<0.001 respectively; men: in 1988–1989 – 9.5%, in 1994–1995 – 9.3%, in 2013–2016 – 4.2% and in 2016–2018 – 11%; χ2 =12.67; υ=12; p<0.05 respectively).Conclusion. We found a high prevalence of sleep disorders among the 25–64 years old population with the following trends: a decrease from 1988–1989 to 1994–1995; an increase in 2003–2018 mainly due to older age groups. Sleep disorders prevalence decreased in younger women in 1988–2018. There also was a 2-fold increase in sleep disorders prevalence in women than men in all age groups and with increasing age in 1988–2018.

scholarly journals Psychiatric Comorbidity and Pharmacotherapy in Sleep Disorders

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-92
Author(s):  
Angelos Halaris
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Psychiatric Evaluation ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Bona Fide ◽  
Sleep Centers

The decision to devote this issue of CNS Spectrums to sleep disorders was two-fold. First, sleep disorders are of relatively high prevalence in the population with a significant impact on public health and safety. Unfortunately, their significance has been underestimated. Hence, the training of subspecialists capable to deal competently with the diagnosis and treatment of these disorders that afflict all age groups has lagged behind the training of other subspecialists. Second, the presence of psychiatric symptoms in many individuals afflicted with these disorders and the bona fide psychiatric comorbidity of many such patients have been underestimated. Psychiatric comorbidity raises some compelling issues about the need that at least selected patients presenting with a sleep problem should undergo a thorough psychiatric evaluation along with a specialized evaluation, if deemed necessary.Although the majority of patients with sleep disorder would benefit from an initial psychiatric evaluation, such a practice may not be available at all sleep centers. A psychiatric evaluation should first assess the nature and origin of psychiatric symptoms and determine the presence of a primary or secondary psychiatric disorder. Once a reliable diagnosis has been established, the proper course of treatment can be outlined. As with most other psychiatric conditions, a combined course of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy has the best chance of restoring functionality and preventing relapses. Thus, the role the psychiatrist can play in optimizing the care of patients with a sleep disorder cannot be overemphasized.

scholarly journals Changes in Hysterectomy Route and Adnexal Removal for Benign Disease in Australia 2001–2015: A National Population-Based Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie De Cure ◽  
Stephen J. Robson
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Laparoscopic Hysterectomy ◽  
Abdominal Hysterectomy ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Younger Age

Objective. Hysterectomy rates have fallen over recent years and there remains debate whether salpingectomy should be performed to reduce the lifetime risk of ovarian cancer. We examined trends in adnexal removal and route of hysterectomy in Australia between 2001 and 2015. Methods. Data were obtained from the national procedural dataset for hysterectomy approach (vaginal, VH; abdominal, AH; and, laparoscopic, LH) and rates of adnexal removal, as well as endometrial ablation. The total female population in two age groups (“younger age group,” 35 to 54 years, and “older age group,” 55 to 74 years) was obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Results. The rate of hysterectomy fell in both younger (61.7 versus 45.2/10000/year, p<0.005) and older (38.8 versus 33.2/10000/year, p<0.005) age groups. In both age groups there were significant decreases in the incidence rates for VH (by 53% in the younger age group and 29% in the older age group) and AH (by 53% and 55%, respectively). The rates of LH increased by 153% in the younger age group and 307% in the older age group. Overall, the proportion of hysterectomies involving adnexal removal increased (31% versus 65% in the younger age group, p<0.005; 44% versus 58% in the older age group, p<0.005). The increase occurred almost entirely after 2011. Conclusion. Hysterectomy is becoming less common, and both vaginal and abdominal hysterectomy are being replaced by laparoscopic hysterectomy. Removal of the adnexae is now more common in younger women.

scholarly journals TSH enhancement of FT4 to FT3 conversion is age dependent

2016 ◽  
Vol 175 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Strich ◽  
Gilad Karavani ◽  
Shalom Edri ◽  
David Gillis
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Free T3 ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Differential Increase ◽  
Retrospective Examination ◽  
Tsh Levels

ObjectiveWe previously reported increasing free T3 (FT3) to free T4 (FT4) ratios as thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) increases within the normal range in children. It is not known if this phenomenon is age-related among humans, as previously reported in rats. This study examines the relationships between TSH and FT3/FT4 ratios in different ages.DesignRetrospective examination of thyroid tests from patients without thyroid disease from community clinics.MethodsFree T3, free T4, and TSH levels from 527 564 sera collected from patients aged 1 year or greater were studied. Exclusion criteria were the following: missing data, TSH greater than 7.5mIU/L, and medications that may interfere with thyroid hormone activity. A total of 27 940 samples remaining after exclusion were stratified by age. Samples with available anthropometric data were additionally stratified for body mass index (BMI). Correlations of TSH to FT4, FT3, and FT3/FT4 ratios by age group were examined.ResultsUp to age 40, for each increasing TSH quartile, FT3 and the FT3/FT4 ratio increased and FT4 decreased significantly (for both FT3, FT4 and FT3/FT4 ratio,P<0.05 for every TSH quartile when compared with the 1st quartile, except FT3 in the 30–40 age group). In older age groups, increasing TSH was not associated with increased FT3/FT4 ratio.ConclusionAs TSH levels increase, FT3/FT4 ratios increase until age 40, but this differential increase does not occur in older age groups. This may reflect a decrease in thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3) conversion with age, which may be part of the aging process.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Self-reported Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Profiles of Health Among Women of Different Generations: A Cross Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 01 (03) ◽  
pp. 141-147
Author(s):  
Jodie C. Avery ◽  
Lisa J. Moran ◽  
Vivienne Moore ◽  
Renae C. Fernandez ◽  
Melissa Whitrow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Younger Women

Objective: Although polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is considered a lifelong disorder, very little is understood about the diagnosis and impact of this condition in women outside of the peak reproductive years. We examined the frequency of diagnosed PCOS and concurrent health conditions in women across the lifespan. Methods: Data were analysed from 1509 women aged 15–95 years participating in a cross-sectional, face-to-face population survey in South Australia, 2015. We assessed the prevalence of PCOS in 10-year age groups and the frequency of comorbidities in women with and without PCOS subgrouped by age (< 45, [Formula: see text] 45 years). The main outcome measures were Diagnosed PCOS and other chronic conditions; lifestyle factors. Logistic regression analyses determined the risk of comorbidities in women with PCOS adjusting for age and BMI. Results: Overall prevalence of PCOS was 5.6% (95% confidence interval (CI) 4.6–6.9%), peaking in the 35–44 year age group (9.1%), and lowest in those aged 15–24 (4.1%) or [Formula: see text] 65 (3.7%) years. Women with PCOS and aged <45 years were more likely to report diabetes (16.7% vs. 3.8%), cardiovascular disease (15.5% vs. 7.2%) and arthritis (15.5% vs. 7.2%) than their peers; these differences were diminished in the [Formula: see text] 45 year age group. The odds of diabetes and cardiovascular disease were more than doubled among women with PCOS (adjOR 2.23, 95% CI 1.49–4.31; adjOR 3.18, 95% CI 1.31–7.68). Conclusion: PCOS is underdiagnosed in young and post-menopausal women. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease are key comorbidities requiring greater attention in younger women with PCOS.

scholarly journals Can traditional games be an option in increasing the physical activity of women following mastectomy?

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Bronikowska ◽  
Michał Bronikowski ◽  
Agata Glapa ◽  
Bartosz Prabucki
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Ring Net

SummaryStudy aim: the purpose of the present study was to investigate the potential of traditional games as a method of increasing the physical activity (PA) of women following mastectomy. A cross-sectional survey during the 20th ONCO Games was conducted and the sample included data from women divided into two groups: up to 50 years old (n = 26) and over 50 years old (n = 86).Material and methods: PA was assessed using a questionnaire, and the number of steps taking during 30-minute periods was measured using pedometers during each of the games. Exertion was evaluated using Borg’s Scale.Results: there was no difference in levels of coherence between the age groups. The group of younger women were statistically more active (M = 3.34 days/week) than the older group (M = 2.77 days/week). All the games were evaluated to be of light intensity, with ringo perceived as being statistically more fatiguing in the over 50 age group. The highest number of steps was performed during the game of ring-net-ball (M = 1903 steps/30 min) in both age groups, with older women performing statistically more steps. Similar situations were observed in the cases of pétanque and speedminton. In ringo, the situation was reversed. The lowest number of steps was recorded in pétanque in the younger age group (M = 296 steps/30 min).Conclusion: this study indicates that in the rehabilitation and recovery process after mastectomy, traditional games could be a bridging link between exercising and sports as they provide not just activity but also a unique and valuable social context.

scholarly journals SAT-168 Adrenal Incidentalomas: Impact of Patient Age on Referral Rates for Endocrine Evaluation

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Fryer ◽  
Sarah Hancock ◽  
Cherian George ◽  
Basil George Issa ◽  
Simon Lea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Adrenal Incidentaloma ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Adrenal Incidentalomas ◽  
Patient Age ◽  
Radiology Reports ◽  
Patient Âgé ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Ct And Mri

Abstract It is estimated that the prevalence of adrenal incidentaloma increases with age: ~3% of those aged 50 years, rising to 10% in those &gt;70 years (1). Given the aging population together with increased utilisation of cross-sectional imaging in the UK (eg CT urogram, MR angiogram), we explored the proportion of patients with adrenal incidentaloma by age based on current imaging trends. Furthermore, there is no information currently available on the relationship between age and pattern of endocrine referrals. We extracted data for all CT and MRI scans from Jan 2018-Oct 2019 and used key phrases in radiology reports (eg adrenal adenoma/lesion/mass/nodule/incidentaloma, incidental adrenal, indeterminate adrenal) to identify potential lesions. We also extracted data on patient age and referral patterns as identified by a logged referral or an attendance (new or follow-up) to endocrine clinic 3 months post index scan, stratified by 10 year age groups. Where possible, we excluded false hits (eg no adrenal lesion). Preliminary data showed that, of the 2604 potential lesions identified by CT and MRI scans, 78.7% were on patients aged over 60 years. The numbers of identified lesions gradually increased with age to a peak in the 71-80 year age group after which these declined. Whilst patients younger that 60 years had fewer potential lesions identified, they were more likely to be referred to endocrine services (73 out of 55 patients; 13.2%) than those in the older age group (168 out of 2049; 8.2%; p&lt;0.001). Indeed there was a statistically significant trend towards decreasing referral with age group (Chi-squared test for trend; p&lt;0.001). In conclusion, patients over 60 years have a higher number of potential adrenal incidentalomas. However, this group is less likely to be referred for endocrine evaluation. This is particularly concerning given the large number of scans requested and the higher prevalence of incidentalomas in this age group. This study represents preparatory work on innovations to enhance case detection, particularly in the older age groups (2). 1. Fassnacht M, Arlt W, Bancos I, et al. Management of adrenal incidentalomas: European Society of Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline. Eur J Endocrinol. 2016;175:G1-G34 2. Hanna FWF, Issa BG, Lea SC, George C, Golash A, Firn M, Ogunmekan S, Maddock E, Sim J, Xydopoulos G, Fordham R, Fryer AA. Adrenal lesions found incidentally: how to improve clinical and cost-effectiveness. BMJ Open Quality. 2019;In press.

Age groups changes in self-rated health: A prospective longitudinal study over a 20-year period using Health Survey of North Trøndelag data

2020 ◽  
pp. 140349482090462
Author(s):  
Frode Lysberg ◽  
Siw Tone Innstrand ◽  
Milada Cvancarova Småstuen ◽  
Cathrine Lysberg ◽  
Magnhild Mjåvatn Høie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Background: The aim of the study was to investigate changes in self-rated health (SRH) between different age groups and sexes over a 20-year period. Methods: Data were retrieved from the large longitudinal Health Survey of North Trøndelag, Norway, which includes data collected from more than 190,000 participants aged 20–70+ years between the years 1984 and 2008. Data were analysed using logistic regression and adjusted for sex. Results: From 1984 to 2008, the odds of scoring higher on SRH decreased by 46% in the youngest age group (20–29 years) and increased by approximately 35% in the middle-aged and older age groups (40–70+ years). When considering sex differences, women in most age groups scored lower than the men on their SRH. Conclusions: Our finding suggest a trending shift in SRH, with a reduction in the youngest age group (20–29 years) and an increase in the middle-aged and older age groups (40–70+ years). Despite the sex differences being small, our data indicate that in most age groups, women tend to score lower than men on their SRH. Future studies should focus on these trends to understand better the mechanisms underlying these changes in SRH and to follow future trends to see if the trend is reinforced or diminished.

scholarly journals Comparison of anthropometric data quality in children aged 6-23 and 24-59 months: lessons from population-representative surveys from humanitarian settings

BMC Nutrition ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Bilukha ◽  
Alexia Couture ◽  
Kelly McCain ◽  
Eva Leidman
Keyword(s):  
Data Quality ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Digit Preference ◽  
Anthropometric Indicators ◽  
Younger Age

Abstract Background Ensuring the quality of anthropometry data is paramount for getting accurate estimates of malnutrition prevalence among children aged 6–59 months in humanitarian and refugee settings. Previous reports based on data from Demographic and Health Surveys suggested systematic differences in anthropometric data quality between the younger and older groups of preschool children. Methods We analyzed 712 anthropometric population-representative field surveys from humanitarian and refugee settings conducted during 2011–2018. We examined and compared the quality of five anthropometric indicators in children aged 6–23 months and children aged 24–59 months: weight for height, weight for age, height for age, body mass index for age and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) for age. Using the z-score distribution of each indicator, we calculated the following parameters: standard deviation (SD), percentage of outliers, and measures of distribution normality. We also examined and compared the quality of height, weight, MUAC and age measurements using missing data and rounding criteria. Results Both SD and percentage of flags were significantly smaller on average in older than in younger age group for all five anthropometric indicators. Differences in SD between age groups did not change meaningfully depending on overall survey quality or on the quality of age ascertainment. Over 50% of surveys overall did not deviate significantly from normality. The percentage of non-normal surveys was higher in older than in the younger age groups. Digit preference score for weight, height and MUAC was slightly higher in younger age group, and for age slightly higher in the older age group. Children with reported exact date of birth (DOB) had much lower digit preference for age than those without exact DOB. SD, percentage flags and digit preference scores were positively correlated between the two age groups at the survey level, such as those surveys showing higher anthropometry data quality in younger age group also tended to show higher quality in older age group. Conclusions There should be an emphasis on increased rigor of training survey measurers in taking anthropometric measurements in the youngest children. Standardization test, a mandatory component of the pre-survey measurer training and evaluation, of 10 children should include at least 4–5 children below 2 years of age.

Epidemiological shift in the prevalence of pertussis in Taiwan: implications for pertussis vaccination

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Chi Lin ◽  
Shu-Man Yao ◽  
Jer-Jea Yan ◽  
Ying-Yan Chen ◽  
Chuen-Sheue Chiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Pertussis Vaccine ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Acellular Pertussis Vaccine ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Waning Immunity ◽  
Low Incidence

In Taiwan, routine pertussis immunization has been implemented for more than 40 years and a low incidence of pertussis was maintained until an 80-fold increase in cases occurred in 1992. The unexpected increase emphasized the significance of pertussis. This study evaluated a total of 2452 reported cases of pertussis during 1993–2004 and surveillance data on incidence, age distribution and seasonality. The highest morbidity was in infants aged <1 year, and upward trends in the incidence of pertussis were significant for infants aged <1 year and adolescents aged 10–14 years. The highest mean number of cases was observed in August and upward trends were in colder months. This study indicates that the epidemiology of pertussis may have been changed by waning immunity in Taiwan. Increased surveillance activities, especially in older age groups, and additional booster doses of acellular pertussis vaccine for children aged 6–8 years and adolescents/young adults aged 15–20 years are necessary to control and prevent pertussis.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of potential antiviral treatments in COVID-19 transmission control: a modelling study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng-Nan Lin ◽  
Jia Rui ◽  
Qiu-Ping Chen ◽  
Bin Zhao ◽  
Shan-Shan Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Transmission Control

Abstract Background Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes an immense disease burden. Although public health countermeasures effectively controlled the epidemic in China, non-pharmaceutical interventions can neither be maintained indefinitely nor conveniently implemented globally. Vaccination is mainly used to prevent COVID-19, and most current antiviral treatment evaluations focus on clinical efficacy. Therefore, we conducted population-based simulations to assess antiviral treatment effectiveness among different age groups based on its clinical efficacy. Methods We collected COVID-19 data of Wuhan City from published literature and established a database (from 2 December 2019 to 16 March 2020). We developed an age-specific model to evaluate the effectiveness of antiviral treatment in patients with COVID-19. Efficacy was divided into three types: (1) viral activity reduction, reflected as transmission rate decrease [reduction was set as v (0–0.8) to simulate hypothetical antiviral treatments]; (2) reduction in the duration time from symptom onset to patient recovery/removal, reflected as a 1/γ decrease (reduction was set as 1–3 days to simulate hypothetical or real-life antiviral treatments, and the time of asymptomatic was reduced by the same proportion); (3) fatality rate reduction in severely ill patients (fc) [reduction (z) was set as 0.3 to simulate real-life antiviral treatments]. The population was divided into four age groups (groups 1, 2, 3 and 4), which included those aged ≤ 14; 15–44; 45–64; and ≥ 65 years, respectively. Evaluation indices were based on outbreak duration, cumulative number of cases, total attack rate (TAR), peak date, number of peak cases, and case fatality rate (f). Results Comparing the simulation results of combination and single medication therapy s, all four age groups showed better results with combination medication. When 1/γ = 2 and v = 0.4, age group 2 had the highest TAR reduction rate (98.48%, 56.01–0.85%). When 1/γ = 2, z = 0.3, and v = 0.1, age group 1 had the highest reduction rate of f (83.08%, 0.71–0.12%). Conclusions Antiviral treatments are more effective in COVID-19 transmission control than in mortality reduction. Overall, antiviral treatments were more effective in younger age groups, while older age groups showed higher COVID-19 prevalence and mortality. Therefore, physicians should pay more attention to prevention of viral spread and patients deaths when providing antiviral treatments to patients of older age groups.

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