scholarly journals Psychiatric Comorbidity and Pharmacotherapy in Sleep Disorders

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-92
Author(s):  
Angelos Halaris
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Psychiatric Evaluation ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Bona Fide ◽  
Sleep Centers

The decision to devote this issue of CNS Spectrums to sleep disorders was two-fold. First, sleep disorders are of relatively high prevalence in the population with a significant impact on public health and safety. Unfortunately, their significance has been underestimated. Hence, the training of subspecialists capable to deal competently with the diagnosis and treatment of these disorders that afflict all age groups has lagged behind the training of other subspecialists. Second, the presence of psychiatric symptoms in many individuals afflicted with these disorders and the bona fide psychiatric comorbidity of many such patients have been underestimated. Psychiatric comorbidity raises some compelling issues about the need that at least selected patients presenting with a sleep problem should undergo a thorough psychiatric evaluation along with a specialized evaluation, if deemed necessary.Although the majority of patients with sleep disorder would benefit from an initial psychiatric evaluation, such a practice may not be available at all sleep centers. A psychiatric evaluation should first assess the nature and origin of psychiatric symptoms and determine the presence of a primary or secondary psychiatric disorder. Once a reliable diagnosis has been established, the proper course of treatment can be outlined. As with most other psychiatric conditions, a combined course of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy has the best chance of restoring functionality and preventing relapses. Thus, the role the psychiatrist can play in optimizing the care of patients with a sleep disorder cannot be overemphasized.

scholarly journals Sleep disorder trends in 1988–2018 among the 25–64 years old population in Russia/Siberia (WHO MONICA Psychosocial study)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
V. V. Gafarov ◽  
E. A. Gromova ◽  
D. O. Panov ◽  
I. V. Gagulin ◽  
A. N. Tripelgorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Disorder ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Old Men

Objective: to study sleep disorders prevalence and trends among the population of Novosibirsk (age group 25–64 years) in 1988–2018.Patients and methods. We screened a representative sample of a 25–64-year-old population: in 1988–1989 (II screening: 725 men, mean age – 43.4±0.4 years, response – 71.3%; 710 women, mean age – 44.8±0.4 years, response – 72%); in 1994–1995 (III screening: 647 men, mean age – 44.3±0.4 years, response – 82.1%; 391 women, mean age – 45.4±0.4 years, response – 72.5%); in 2003–2005 (IV screening: 576 men, mean age – 54.23±0.2 years, response – 61%; 1074 women, mean age – 54.27±0.2 years, response – 72%); in 2013–2016 (V screening: 427 men, mean age – 34±0.4 years, response – 71%; 548 women, mean age – 35±0.4 years, response – 72%); in 2016–2018 (VI screening: 275 men, mean age – 49±0.4 years, response – 72%; 390 women, mean age – 45±0.4 years, response – 75%) according to the standard MONICA Psychosocial study (MOPSY) protocol. Sleep disorders in the studied population were assessed with Jenkins Sleep Questionnaire.Results and discussion. We found a high prevalence of sleep disorders among the 25–64 years old population with the following trends: decrease from 1988–1989 to 1994–1995 (men – 11 and 8.6%, women – 21.8 and 16.6% respectively); increase in 2003–2018 (men – 13.1%, women – 20.5%). An increase in sleep disorders prevalence in 2003–2018 occurred mainly due to older age groups – 45–64 years (χ2 =122.061; υ=16; p<0.001 – men; χ2 =230.626; υ=16; p<0.001 – women). In 1988–2018 there was a 2-fold increase in sleep disorders prevalence among women than men in all age groups. This increase in sleep disorders prevalence was associated with increasing age, reaching its maximum in the 55–64 age group (men: 1988–1989 – 20.8%, 1994–1995 – 12.1%, 2016–2018 – 19.7%; χ2 =41.093; υ=12; p<0.001; women: 35.8; 21.8; 24.9% respectively; χ2 =22.01; υ=12; p<0.001). Different trends were observed in 25–44 years old women in 1988–2018 and in 35–44 years old men in 2013–2016: sleep disorders prevalence decreased (25–44 years old women: in 1988–1989 – 13.7%, in 1994–1995 – 7.9%, in 2013–2016 – 5.7%; χ2 =24.715; υ=8; p<0.001; 35–44 years old women 35–44: in 1988–1989 – 17.9%, in 1994–1995 – 20%, in 2013–2016 – 14.2%, in 2016–2018 – 10.3%; χ2 =21.177; υ=12; p<0.001 respectively; men: in 1988–1989 – 9.5%, in 1994–1995 – 9.3%, in 2013–2016 – 4.2% and in 2016–2018 – 11%; χ2 =12.67; υ=12; p<0.05 respectively).Conclusion. We found a high prevalence of sleep disorders among the 25–64 years old population with the following trends: a decrease from 1988–1989 to 1994–1995; an increase in 2003–2018 mainly due to older age groups. Sleep disorders prevalence decreased in younger women in 1988–2018. There also was a 2-fold increase in sleep disorders prevalence in women than men in all age groups and with increasing age in 1988–2018.

scholarly journals Predictors of Sleep Disorders among HIV Out-Patients in a Tertiary Hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 03 ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Elvis Mbu Bisong ◽  
Uduak Effiong Williams ◽  
Henry Ohem Okpa ◽  
Ofem Egbe Enang ◽  
Emmanuel Monjok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Disorder ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Elevated Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
High Prevalence

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals have been shown to have a high prevalence of sleep disturbances. Both the effects of the virus and the antiretroviral drugs may cause sleep disturbances. We sought to determine the prevalence and predictors of sleep disorders among HIV seropositive adult subjects presenting at an outpatient hospital setting. One hundred and fifty six subjects were recruited for the study by using a sleep disorder screening questionnaire. The mean ages of the participants were 38.7 ± 9.23 and 39.5 ± 9.23 for those with and those without sleep disorder, respectively. The prevalence rate of sleep disorders was 46.2%. Elevated systolic blood pressure, lower CD4 count levels, and being on the highly active antiretroviral therapy combination TDF/3TC/ATZ/lpvr were associated with sleep disorders. The high prevalence rate observed necessitates routine screening for sleep disorders among HIV/AIDs patients.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of sleep disorders during COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic scoping review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samia Tasnim ◽  
Mariya Rahman ◽  
Priyanka Pawar ◽  
Xinli Chi ◽  
Qian Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Disorder ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Prevalence

AbstractBackgroundA growing burden of mental health problems has become a global concern amid the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Sleep disorders are major mental health problems associated with increased psychosocial stressors; however, no research synthesis is available on the epidemiology of it. In this systematic scoping review, we aimed to assess the current evidence on the epidemiological burden, associated factors, and interventions from the existing literature.MethodSeven major health databases and additional sources were searched to identify, evaluate, and synthesize empirical studies on the prevalence and correlates of sleep disorders and available interventions. The Joanna Briggs Institute Methodology for Scoping Review were used, and the findings were reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist.ResultsA total of 78 articles were retrieved, the prevalence of sleeping disorders ranged from 2.3% to 76.6%. Age, sex, level of education, physical and mental health, COVID-19 related factors, occupation especially being health care workers (HCW) were the main associated factors. Only two intentions were identified to address the issue.ConclusionThe finding of this review indicated a high burden of sleep disorder with limited interventions that necessitate informing policymakers and practitioners to facilitate future research and implementations.Brief summaryCurrent Knowledge/Study RationaleDespite the paramount importance of sleep for the physical and mental wellbeing of individuals, sleep hygiene is often neglected which resulted in a high prevalence of sleep disorders across the globe. This condition is likely to worsen amid this pandemic. This is the first systematic scoping review of sleep disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic.Study ImpactThe findings of our study suggest a high prevalence of sleep disorder and highlight a wide range of socio-demographic factors to identify population groups vulnerable to the adverse outcomes of sleep disorder with limited interventions. These pieces of evidence will guide clinicians to make informed choices for better management of patients and aid public health professionals to prevent sleep disorder epidemic concurring with the current pandemic.

scholarly journals Seizures, Stimulators, and Sleep, Oh My!

2019 ◽  
pp. 629-641
Author(s):  
Thapanee Somboon ◽  
Nancy Foldvary-Schaefer
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Disorder ◽  
Vagus Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Sleep Complaints ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Impact

This chapter discusses the relationships between epilepsy and sleep disorders, and the impact of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) on breathing in sleep. The prevalence of sleep disorders in people with epilepsy is twofold to threefold greater than estimates in the general population. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common sleep disorder investigated in epilepsy populations. Treatment of OSA has been shown to reduce seizures in some patients. In contrast, VNS therapy for epilepsy is associated with stimulation-induced respiratory changes in sleep, and in some cases it produces a clinical OSA syndrome. Given the high prevalence of sleep complaints among people with epilepsy, further research is warranted to confirm the role of sleep disorder therapies in epilepsy.

The Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Iran: A Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1015-1027
Author(s):  
Mohammad Bagherniya ◽  
Zahra Khorasanchi ◽  
Mina S. Bidokhti ◽  
Gordon A. Ferns ◽  
Mitra Rezaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
High Prevalence

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a common medical condition worldwide. In Iran, it has been reported that between 30-90% of people have vitamin D deficiency. However, its distribution in different parts of the country and among different age and regional groups is unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to review the recent literature on vitamin D deficiency in Iran. Methods: The literature review was performed using Web of Science, PubMed-Medline, Scopus and Scientific Information Database (SID) with a cut-off date of November 2016 to identify articles on vitamin D status in Iran published in the last 10 years. Studies in English and Persian that reported vitamin D levels in male and female subjects of all age groups and in healthy populations were included. Results: From 325 studies that were initially retrieved, 82 articles met the inclusion criteria. A high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was reported, and in some regions, this was reported as >90% and was found in all age groups and in all regions of Iran. Conclusion: This review highlights the very high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Iran. It will be important to recognize the importance of vitamin D deficiency as a major public health problem in Iran.

scholarly journals Swine Inflammation and Necrosis Syndrome (SINS)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1670
Author(s):  
Gerald Reiner ◽  
Josef Kuehling ◽  
Frederik Loewenstein ◽  
Mirjam Lechner ◽  
Sabrina Becker
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Defence Mechanisms ◽  
Newborn Piglets ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Histopathological Studies ◽  
Molecular Patterns ◽  
Tail Damage

Tail biting is a prevalent and undesirable behaviour in pigs and a major source of significant reduction in well-being. However, focusing on biting considers only one part of the solution, because tail damage can be found with a high prevalence without any action by other pigs. The lesions are not limited to the tail but can also be found in the ears, heels, soles, claw coronary bands, teats, navel, vulva, and face. Environmental improvement alone often fails to overcome the problem. This review addresses a new inflammation and necrosis syndrome in swine (SINS). It shows the clinical signs and the frequencies of occurrence in different age groups. It compiles scientific evidence from clinical and histopathological studies in newborn piglets that argue for a primary endogenous aetiology of the disease. Bringing together the findings of a broad body of research, the possible mechanisms leading to the disease are identified and then discussed. This part will especially focus on microbe-associated molecular patterns in the circulation and their role in activating defence mechanisms and inflammation. Finally, the methods are identified to ameliorate the problem by optimizing husbandry and selecting a suitable breeding stock.

scholarly journals Predictive value of aberrant right subclavian artery for fetal chromosome aneuploidy in women of advanced maternal age

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Ping Chen ◽  
Yong-Feng Lai ◽  
Xiao-Hong Zhong ◽  
Jian-Hong You ◽  
Jiang-Hua Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subclavian Artery ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Advanced Maternal Age ◽  
Aberrant Right Subclavian Artery ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Ultrasound Findings ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Singleton Pregnancies

Abstract Background In the entire population, an aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA) is closely associated with chromosomal abnormalities. ARSA with additional ultrasonic findings would increase risk of chromosomal abnormalities. The risk of fetal chromosomal abnormalities increased exponentially with the maternal age. These risks in the advanced maternal age (AMA) group are uncertain. This study aimed to determine the incidence of ARSA in Chinese AMA and non-AMA women and the frequency of aneuploidy among AMA and non-AMA women with ARSA. Methods This retrospective study included 13,690 singleton pregnancies, were divided into AMA and non-AMA groups. Integrated obstetric ultrasonic screening, biochemical screening, noninvasive prenatal screening, and fetal karyotype analysis were analyzed. Results The overall incidence of ARSA was 0.69%, with no difference between age groups. The incidence of chromosomal abnormalities in the AMA group (37 / 2860) was much higher than that of the non-AMA group. The risk of chromosomal abnormalities significantly increased with both ARSA detected and additional ultrasound findings. With combined ARSA and AMA, the likelihood of the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities increased. Chimerism (45X / 46XX) was found with isolated ARSA in AMA pregnancies. Conclusion There is a high prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities in fetuses of AMA women. ARSA increases the risk of chromosomal abnormalities in both age groups, especially combined with ARSA. When ARSA occurs in AMA women, it confers a high likelihood of chromosomal abnormalities.

Detection and characterisation of hepatitis E virus in naturally infected swine in Croatia

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoran Lipej ◽  
Dinko Novosel ◽  
Lea Vojta ◽  
Besi Roić ◽  
Miljenko Šimpraga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Animal Reservoir ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Swine Herds ◽  
Bile Samples

Hepatitis E is a viral zoonotic disease infecting swine worldwide. Since pigs represent a likely animal reservoir for the hepatitis E virus, the epidemiology of naturally occurring hepatitis E was investigated in Croatian swine herds. Nearly all tested animals were seropositive for antibodies against the hepatitis E virus (55/60, 91.7%). Active infection was detected in all age groups by RT-PCR of viral RNA in serum (8/60, 13.3%) and bile samples (3/37, 8.1%), which was further confirmed by histopathological findings of characteristic lesions in the livers of the infected animals. Three new strains of hepatitis E virus were isolated from Croatian pig herds. Phylogenetic analysis using median-joining networks clustered those Croatian strains with isolates from various parts of the world, indicating their likely origin in international trade. Similarity to human isolates implies a zoonotic potential of Croatian strains, which raises a public health concern, especially in the light of the high prevalence of hepatitis E in the herds studied.

Impact of neuropsychiatry screening in neurological in-patients: comparison with routine clinical practice

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 297-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Earl ◽  
Olimpia Pop ◽  
Kate Jefferies ◽  
Niruj Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Screening Programme ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Routine Clinical Practice ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Sustained Effect

Earl J, Pop O, Jefferies K, Agrawal N. Impact of neuropsychiatry screening in neurological in-patients: comparison with routine clinical practiceBackground: It is now well recognised that the rate of psychiatric comorbidity is high in patients with neurological disorders. Psychiatric comorbidity has a significant impact on quality of life and often goes undetected in routine clinical practice.Objectives: To compare the rate of detection of psychiatric illness in routine clinical practice with the prevalence of mental illness established using a dedicated screening programme at a regional neuroscience centre and to assess if the screening programme had any enduring impact on routine clinical practice after its completion.Methods: Consecutive admissions to a neurology ward in the 3-month period before (n = 160) and after (n = 158) a dedicated neuropsychiatric screening programme was carried out were identified. Case notes were then reviewed to establish if symptoms of mental illness were identified by the treating neurologists and if patients were referred for neuropsychiatric assessment. Rates of detection of neuropsychiatric problems and rates of referral for treatment were compared with those identified during the screening programme.Results: In routine clinical practice, over two 3-month study periods, psychiatric symptoms were identified in 23.7% of patients and only 10.6% received neuropsychiatric interventions. This is much lower as compared with rates identified (51.3%) and treated (51.3%) during dedicated screening. Detection of mood symptoms decreased from 14.7% pre-screening to 3.8% in the post-screening period.Conclusion: Rate of detection and treatment of neuropsychiatric problems remain low in neurology in-patients in routine clinical practice. Neuropsychiatric screening is effective but does not have sustained effect once it stops. Hence we suggest that active ongoing screening should be incorporated into routine practice.

Psychopathologic aspects of obesity: Psychodiagnostic evaluations of bariatric surgery applicants

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 714-714
Author(s):  
S. Chiappini ◽  
E. Righino ◽  
C. Ciciarelli ◽  
M. Pettorruso ◽  
G. Conte
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Psychiatric Evaluation ◽  
Psychiatric Interview ◽  
Negative Factor ◽  
Surgical Evaluation ◽  
A Current ◽  
Transoral Gastroplasty

IntroductionPsychiatrists play an important role as members of the bariatric surgery team. A preoperative psychiatric evaluation is considered as part of a mandatory workup before approving surgery.AimsThis evaluation focuses on the identification of any pre-existing psychiatric disorders among candidates for TOGa[1], a new experimental technique of bariatric surgery, and their correlations with post surgical weight loss.Method45 obese patients underwent a psychiatric interview and several psycho diagnostic questionnaires (SCL-90; HAM-D; HAM-A; EDI; TAS).A follow-up was set each 3 months.ResultsWe found that 34.1% of surgery candidates had a current diagnosis of depression; the majority showed anxiety symptoms. We also documented dissatisfaction about body shape, desire of slimness, fear of maturity, perfectionism, bulimia and binge eating disorder. Other frequent psychiatric symptoms were somatization, sensitivity, obsession and compulsion. After 3 months from surgery we found that the best weight loss was associated to low score in HAM-A, high score in hanger-hostility item (SCL-90) and low score in sensitiveness item (SCL-90).ConclusionThe diagnosis of a psychiatric pathology during the pre-surgical evaluation can be considered a predictive negative factor for the outcome of the surgery. The predictive positive factors are firstly the nonexistence of psychiatric symptoms, secondly the high score in sensitiveness-insight item (SCL-90) and the high score in the ability to express feelings. [1] (TransOral Gastroplasty)

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