scholarly journals Variations in yield and composition of leaf essential oil from Syzygium aromaticum at various phases of development

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Razafimamonjison Gaylor ◽  
Boulanger Renaud ◽  
Jahiel Michel ◽  
Ramanoelina Panja ◽  
Fawbush Fanja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Divergent Evolution ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Maximum Percentage ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Green Leaves ◽  
Eugenyl Acetate ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Phases Of Development

<p>The changes in the essential oil yield and composition from <em>Syzygium aromaticum</em> leaf harvested at different phases of development from young leaves to mature leaves were studied. Separation of the essential oils was conducted by steam distillation in a Clevenger apparatus for about 4h. Essential oils analyses were performed by GC/MS. The yield of essential oil (ml per 100 g of DM) of the leaf following the four phases of development was in order of: young leaves (5.1%) &gt; expanded leaves 1 (4.5%) &gt; expanded leaves 2 (4.1%) &gt; mature leaves (3.8%). Sixteen compounds were detected by GC/MS. Eugenol and eugenyl acetate were the dominant components. Eugenol and eugenyl acetate amount had a divergent evolution during the four expansions of leaves. When eugenol reached its highest percentages at expanded leaves 2 (84.00 - 90.48%) and mature leaves stage (88.32 - 90.22%), eugenyl acetate reached the lowest ones with, respectively, 0.96 - 7.16% and 0.36 - 1.64%, but when the eugenyl acetate reached a maximum percentage at young leaves stage with 61.44 - 65.52%, eugenol reached a minimum of 25.43 - 30.38%. It is judicious to collect and extract <em>S. aromaticum</em> leaf in expended leaves 2 (pale green leaves) and mature leaves stage (dark green leaves) in order to obtain the optimal yield and maximum percentage of eugenol.</p>

scholarly journals Chemical composition and content of essential oil from the bud of cultivated Turkish clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.)

BioResources ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hakki Alma ◽  
Murat Ertaş ◽  
Siegfrie Nitz ◽  
Hubert Kollmannsberger
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Distillation Method ◽  
Eugenyl Acetate ◽  
Clove Bud Oil ◽  
Oil Company

In this study, clove bud oil, which was cultivated in the Mediterranean region of Turkey, was provided from a private essential oil company in Turkey. Essential oil from clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) was obtained from steam-distillation method, and its chemical composition was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The results showed that the essential oils mainly contained about 87.00% eugenol, 8.01% eugenyl acetate and 3.56% β-Caryophyllene. The chemical composition of the Turkish clove bud oil was comparable to those of trees naturally grown in their native regions.

scholarly journals Syzygium aromaticum L. (Clove): A vital herbal drug used in periodontal disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (02) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepanjeet Kaur ◽  
Kaushal K. Chandrul
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Eugenyl Acetate ◽  
Main Component

Cloves are widely used in dental care, and are effective against a large number of bacteria. The main component of clove oil is eugenol, with β-caryophyllene and eugenyl acetate. The review of published results reveals a great opportunity to treat periodontal disease. The purpose of this study is to compare the bud, leaf and stem essential oil compositions from S. aromaticum and then to evaluate the correlation of the results with anatomic and geographical origins of the essential oil. Many commercial essential oils isolated from bud, leaf and stem were used in this work. The oils were analyzed by GC and then constituents were identified from the whole. The major constituent in oils was eugenol, with increasing percentages from bud (72.08 - 82.36%) to leaf (75.04 - 83.58%) and stem (87.52 - 96.65%). In the clove bud essential oil eugenyl acetate is the second major component (8.6 - 21.3%) while detected in considerably lower amount in the leaf (0 - 1.45%) and stem (0.07 - 2.53%). In leaf essential oil, the second main compounds were β-caryophyllene (11.65 - 19.53%) and α-humulene (1.38 - 2.17%), less represented in bud essential oils (2.76 - 8.64% and 0.34 - 1.04% respectively) and in stem essential oils (1.66 - 9.7% and 0.22 - 1.31% respectively). For each plant material, variation in the percentage of the main constituents was observed according to the sample geographic origin.

Enzyme‐assisted extraction of essential oils from Syzygium aromaticum

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 248-254
Author(s):  
R. Amudan ◽  
D. V. Kamat ◽  
S. D. Kamat
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Zone Size ◽  
Structure Quality ◽  
Assisted Extraction

The essential oil of clove ( Syzygium aromaticum) holds an important positionamongst widely used essential oils. A typical steam distillation processfor the extraction of clove oil provides a 10.1% yield. Recent studies involvedthe use of enzymes such as pectinase, amylase, lignocellulase, and cellulaseon the powder of clove buds, prior to extraction. The traditional methods ofphysical and chemical extraction are effective but may affect the structure,quality and yield of the phytochemicals extracted. In the current study,hence, enzymes specific for action on the cell wall have been used in the pretreatment prior to extraction, to enhance the quality and yield of the phytochemicalsextracted. The results indicated that all the enzymes, gave morethan 50% higher yield than control in terms of weight of extracted essentialoil. A mixture of the enzymes gave the highest yield of 17.82%. Gas chromatographyresults indicated that the essential oil extracted using amylase hada maximum eugenol content of 70%, in comparison with the eugenol content(62–68%) in the essential oils extracted using the rest of the enzymes.Antibacterial activity of all the extracts was studied on methicillin â€resistantStaphylococcus aureus  (MRSA). The essential oil extracted by using amylaseinhibitedMRSA, showed a zone size of 40 mm, whereas the essential oil extractedby using lignocellulase showed a zone size of 45 mm. The gas chromatogramindicated the maximum number of peaks in this extract, whichcould be producing a combined antibacterial effect on the organism. Thespecific gravity values of the essential oil extracted using lignocellulase andamylase was 1.051 and 1.062, respectively, whereas the control had a specificgravity of 1.015.

Enzymatic Synthesis of Eugenyl Acetate from Essential Oil of Clove Using Lipases in Liquid Formulation as Biocatalyst

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Santolin ◽  
Karina G. Fiametti ◽  
Viviane da Silva Lobo ◽  
João H. C. Wancura ◽  
José Vladimir Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Acetic Anhydride ◽  
Enzymatic Synthesis ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Liquid Formulation ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Eugenyl Acetate ◽  
Extensive Evaluation ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Abstract In this research, eugenyl acetate, a compound with flavoring, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, was obtained from essential oil of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) via liquid lipase-mediated acetylation. Clove essential oil was extracted by drag water vapor from dry flower buds and its physic-chemical characteristics were analyzed. For the enzymatic synthesis, an extensive evaluation of reaction parameters was accomplished through employment of distinct reaction temperatures, acetic anhydride to eugenol molar ratios, enzyme loads and three different lipases (a lyophilized enzyme produced by solid-state fermentation of sunflower seed with Penicillium sumatrense microorganism and others two commercial lipases – Lipozyme TL 100L and CALB L). Characterization by Infrared Spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR and 13C) was used to confirm the presence of eugenyl acetate in the samples. Through optimized conditions (55 °C, acetic anhydride to eugenol molar ratio of 1:1, 10 wt% of Lipozyme TL 100L), 91.80 % of conversion after 2 h was achieved to the eugenyl acetate production. With the results obtained, it was possible to conclude that the use of lipases in liquid formulation is a promising alternative for the synthesis of essential esters largely applied on food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.

scholarly journals The Effect of Essential Oil Intake on Changes of Plasma Antioxidant Status in Mice

2007 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Š. Faix ◽  
Š. Juhas ◽  
Z. Faixová
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Total Antioxidant Status ◽  
The Body ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Total Antioxidant

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of four essential oils intake by feed, namely Origanum vulgare, Thymus vulgaris, Cinnamomum zeylanicum Ness, and Syzygium aromaticum on antioxidant status in mice in vivo. Essential oils were in the aether oleum form. They were diluted with ethanol absolute mixed with ground pelett (0.1, 0.25, 0.57 and 1% concentration) and thereafter ethanol was evaporated. SOD, GPx activities and TAS were measured in erythrocytes and plasma spectrophotometrically with Ransod, Ransel and TAS kits from RANDOX, respectively. GPX activity showed a significant increase in 0.25% and 0.1% concentration of Origani aetheroleum. The GPx activities were decreased in 1% concentration of Thymi aetheroleum and 0.57% concentration of Cinnamomi aetheroleum and 0.57% concentration of Caryophylli aetheroleum. The total antioxidant status showed a significant decrease in 1 % concentration of Origani aetheroleum and significantly increased in 0.1% concentration. The same results were found in Thymi aetheroleum. Cinnamomi aetheroleum and Caryophylli aetheroleum had not effect on total antioxidant status. SOD activities were not significantly changed after intake of essential oils. In conclusion, our results showed, that concentration of essential oil is very important for antioxidant status and also for metabolism of mice, because a high dose of essential oil has adverse effect on metabolism of mice, representated by a lower growth of the body weight. On the other hand, essential oils at lower concentrations have positive effect on antioxidant status of mice.

scholarly journals Roll on Aromaterapy Formula Activity Test Essential Oil Syzygium aromaticum L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-270
Author(s):  
Ariyanti Ariyanti ◽  
Eni Masruriati ◽  
Mazikhatul Azka ◽  
Arini Asna Hidayah
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Soxhlet Method ◽  
Calming Effect ◽  
And Control

Syzygium aromaticum L. is a plant that contains essential oils. The essential oil of the clove plant is produced from the distillation of Syzygium aromaticum L.s, stalks, and leaves. The components of Syzygium aromaticum L. content are eugenol, eugenol acetate and cariophylene. The specifications of each part of the essential oil of Syzygium aromaticum L. (21.3%), eugenol (78-95%) using the Soxhlet method were about 47.57%. The purpose of this study was to determine the activity and effectiveness of the roll on formulation of Syzygium aromaticum L. essential oil. This study was experimental with the experimental design used was the posttest only controlled group. The research object was divided into two groups of treatment and control. The results showed that the roll on formulation of Syzygium aromaticum L. essential oil had a calming effect on mice. The most effective roll on formulation of Syzygium aromaticum L. essential oil is 7% concentration.

scholarly journals Syzygium aromaticum Essential Oil to the Control of Tenuipalpus heveae

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
Thalia Mayara Pereira de Melo ◽  
Eliamara Marques da Silva ◽  
Abimael Gomes da Silva ◽  
Gustavo Haralampidou da Costa Vieira ◽  
Beatriz Garcia Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Clove Essential Oil ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Adult Mite ◽  
Mite Mortality

The objective was to determine the effect of essential oils on the mortality and repellency of the Tenuipalpus heveae Baker mite (Acari, Tenuipalpidae). Leaf discs of rubber trees were deposited in Petri dishes containing a moistened cotton layer. Posteriorly, the essential oils were diluted to formulate solutions, which were sprayed onto the discs. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 3 &times; 4 factorial design: neem, cedar and clove oils at doses 0, 10 &mu;L, 50 &mu;L and 100 &mu;L, with five replicates, with ten adult females being considered per replicate. The exposure to the effect of essential oil was evaluated after 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours for the number of females dead and females in the cotton. The data were submitted to analysis of variance, the values were transformed into (x + 0.5)1/2, and the means were grouped by the Scott-Knot test at 5% probability for the treatments, the doses were submitted to regression analysis. From the 48 hours of evaluation, clove oil showed greater potential for adult mite mortality, being 1.38 in 48 hours, 1.40 in 72 hours and 1.50 in 96 hours. The dose of 100 &mu;L presented a greater potential for the neem and clove oils. The clove essential oil has potential in the control of Tenuipalpus heveae.

scholarly journals IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SOME ESSENTIAL OILS AGAINST BACTERIAL PATHOGENS CAUSING SKIN DISEASES IN VAPOR PHASE

2019 ◽  
pp. 113-115
Author(s):  
PURIT PATTANAPANIT ◽  
SUNISA MITHONGLANG ◽  
SUNITA MITHONGLANG ◽  
SURACHAI TECHAOEI
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Volatile Oils

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of volatile oils from aromatic plants against pathogenic bacteria.Methods: Thai aromatic plants such as Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth (Patchouli oil), Cymbopogon nardus Rendle (Citronella grass oil), Pelargoniumroseum (Geranium oil), Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merrill and Perry (clove oil), Cinnamomum spp.(cinnamon oil), and Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf.(lemongrass oil) were selected. Essential oils were obtained by water distillation and were stored at 4°C until use. Five human pathogenic bacteria wereobtained from Thai traditional Medicine College, Rajamangala University of Technology, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcusaureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antibacterial activity of volatile oils was determined by disc-diffusionassay. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of each essential oil were determined.Results: Our study showed that 10% of essential oil from Cinnamomum spp. was the most potential against S. aureus, MRSA, and E. coli when assayedby disc-diffusion method with inhibition zones ranging from 37.66±0.57 to 45.33±1.15 mm and from 29.33±0.57 to 36.00±1.00 for lemongrass oilwith MIC and MBC of 1.25%.Conclusion: From this study, it can be concluded that some essential oils have potential antibacterial activity. The present investigation providessupport to the antibacterial properties of essential oils and will be applied to health-care product as aroma antibacterial products.

scholarly journals Repellent Efficacy of Eucalyptus globulus and Syzygium aro-maticum Essential Oils against Malaria Vector, Anopheles ste-phensi (Diptera: Culicidae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Sheikh ◽  
Amir Amani ◽  
Hamid Reza Basseri ◽  
Seyed Hassan Moosa Kazemi ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Sedaghat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Minimum Effective Dose

Background: Mosquito species are highly considering as disease transmission as well as nuisance insects. One of the principal strategy to protect human from the mosquito bites is repellent agents. This study aimed to assess repellency of two organic essential oils, Eucalyptus globulus and Syzygium aromaticum from bites of malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi. Methods: The study was conducted in 2019-2020. The components of essential oils of E. globulus and S. aromaticum was determined using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The unfed female mosquitoes aged 2-5 d old were used in all experiments. In vivo Klun and Debboun module bioassays were utilized on human-volunteer skin. The essential oils at serial concentrations were used to find repellent efficacy against Anopheles landings and bites. To find the synergistic effect, four combinations of the essential oils were tested. Results: The main composition of E. globulus essential oil was 1,8-Cineol (78.20%), whereas that of S. aromaticum essential oil was 2-methoxy-3-(2-propenyl) (77.04%). Based on minimum effective dose (≤1% biting), 10% (v/v) of E. globulus showed high landing repellency (77.78%), whereas minimum effective dose of S. aromaticum at concentration of 1% had high landing repellency (88.89%). Among four combinations, the ratio of 1:1 of E. globulus (10%):S. aromaticum (1%) showed the most landing repellency (94.44%). Conclusion: The combinations of two essential oils had the most potential repellency effect against landing of mosquitoes. As essential oils are eco-friendly with less irritation for human skin, E. globulus and S. aromaticum essential oils are recommended as effective and safe mosquito repellents.

scholarly journals Olfactory Response of the Green Lacewing Chrysoperla Externa to Volatile Organic Compounds of Eucalyptus Urograndis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Jackson Vieira Borges ◽  
Rafael Aparecido Carvalho Souza ◽  
Alberto de Oliveira ◽  
Raquel Maria Ferreira de Sousa ◽  
Jean Carlos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Green Lacewing ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Eucalyptus Urograndis

Abstract The evaluation of the direct effects of the relationship between plants and predators without considering the participation of herbivores can provide vital information for the study of ecological interactions and integrated pest management. In this context, the present work studied the behavioral responses of Chrysoperla externa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) larvae to the volatile organic compounds of young and mature, undamaged and damaged leaves of Eucalyptus urograndis (Myrtaceae), and investigate the chemical composition of leaf essential oils and their effects on the green lacewing. The responses of the C. externa larvae to the odors emitted by leaves were evaluated by an experimental behavior test using a Y-tube olfactometer. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation of the young and mature leaves with and without damage. The larvae respond attractively to the volatiles emitted without the participation of herbivores, and it selected preferentially odors emitted by young leaves with simulated herbivory. The chemical composition was analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. This research identified 32 compounds; some of them had not been identified in other studies. Young leaves had a higher content of essential oil compared to mature leaves. Among the compounds identified, eucalyptol, α-Terpineol, Aromadendrene, and α-Terpinyl acetate are the major compounds. An inversion in the content of eucalyptol (which decreases) and α-terpinyl acetate (which increases) is observed when young and mature leaves are damage. Thus, this work contributed with basic data on the potential use of eucalyptus forests as maintainers of natural chrysopids populations.

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