scholarly journals Syzygium aromaticum L. (Clove): A vital herbal drug used in periodontal disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (02) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepanjeet Kaur ◽  
Kaushal K. Chandrul
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Eugenyl Acetate ◽  
Main Component

Cloves are widely used in dental care, and are effective against a large number of bacteria. The main component of clove oil is eugenol, with β-caryophyllene and eugenyl acetate. The review of published results reveals a great opportunity to treat periodontal disease. The purpose of this study is to compare the bud, leaf and stem essential oil compositions from S. aromaticum and then to evaluate the correlation of the results with anatomic and geographical origins of the essential oil. Many commercial essential oils isolated from bud, leaf and stem were used in this work. The oils were analyzed by GC and then constituents were identified from the whole. The major constituent in oils was eugenol, with increasing percentages from bud (72.08 - 82.36%) to leaf (75.04 - 83.58%) and stem (87.52 - 96.65%). In the clove bud essential oil eugenyl acetate is the second major component (8.6 - 21.3%) while detected in considerably lower amount in the leaf (0 - 1.45%) and stem (0.07 - 2.53%). In leaf essential oil, the second main compounds were β-caryophyllene (11.65 - 19.53%) and α-humulene (1.38 - 2.17%), less represented in bud essential oils (2.76 - 8.64% and 0.34 - 1.04% respectively) and in stem essential oils (1.66 - 9.7% and 0.22 - 1.31% respectively). For each plant material, variation in the percentage of the main constituents was observed according to the sample geographic origin.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and content of essential oil from the bud of cultivated Turkish clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.)

BioResources ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hakki Alma ◽  
Murat Ertaş ◽  
Siegfrie Nitz ◽  
Hubert Kollmannsberger
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Distillation Method ◽  
Eugenyl Acetate ◽  
Clove Bud Oil ◽  
Oil Company

In this study, clove bud oil, which was cultivated in the Mediterranean region of Turkey, was provided from a private essential oil company in Turkey. Essential oil from clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) was obtained from steam-distillation method, and its chemical composition was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The results showed that the essential oils mainly contained about 87.00% eugenol, 8.01% eugenyl acetate and 3.56% β-Caryophyllene. The chemical composition of the Turkish clove bud oil was comparable to those of trees naturally grown in their native regions.

scholarly journals ACTIVITY LARVICIDE OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL SYZYGIUM AROMATICUM (CARNIVAL-OF-INDIA) IN FRONT OF THE MOSQUITO AEDES AEGYPTI (LINNAEUS, 1762)

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (29) ◽  
pp. 184-195
Author(s):  
P. R. B. GOMES ◽  
R. W. S. De OLIVEIRA ◽  
V. E. MOUCHREK FILHO ◽  
A. A. Do NASCIMENTO ◽  
A. P. EVERTON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Eugenyl Acetate ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Oil Density ◽  
Main Component

Dengue, zika virus and chicungunya are diseases transmitted by the bite of the female mosquito Aedes aegypti Linn. Because of this, these diseases pose a public health problem, especially in tropical countries. To date, there are no specific vaccines that act against the different serotypes of the disease. In this way, the measures adopted to combat it are restricted in the control of the mosquito. This is done using larvicide chemicals and insecticides, whose main component are organophosphorus, such as Temephos and pyrethroids. However, frequent use of these products has brought over the years some disadvantages: mosquito resistance, water contamination and attack on non-target living beings. Therefore, this work evaluated the larvicidal potential of the flower buds of the Syzygium aromaticum species against larvae in the third stage of the Aedes aegypti mosquito (Linnaeus, 1762). For this, the essential oil was quantitated by hydrodistillation. The physicochemical properties of the essential oil (density, refractive index, solubility, color and appearance) were determined. In addition, the oil was characterized chemically, quantifying its components and identifying its major component by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The oil LC50 was calculated, in addition to the confidence limit at 95% probability, from the methods of Reed-Muench (1938) and Pizzi (1950), respectively. The yield of oil was 3.54% m / m and 3.63% v / m. Using the method used, it was possible to identify and quantify eugenol (52.53%), caryophyllene (37.25%), humulene (4.11%), eugenyl acetate (4.05%) and copaene %), With eugenol being the major component of the oil. The oil exhibited larvicidal activity being totally lethal at a concentration of 120 μg/mL.

scholarly journals Variations in yield and composition of leaf essential oil from Syzygium aromaticum at various phases of development

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Razafimamonjison Gaylor ◽  
Boulanger Renaud ◽  
Jahiel Michel ◽  
Ramanoelina Panja ◽  
Fawbush Fanja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Divergent Evolution ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Maximum Percentage ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Green Leaves ◽  
Eugenyl Acetate ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Phases Of Development

<p>The changes in the essential oil yield and composition from <em>Syzygium aromaticum</em> leaf harvested at different phases of development from young leaves to mature leaves were studied. Separation of the essential oils was conducted by steam distillation in a Clevenger apparatus for about 4h. Essential oils analyses were performed by GC/MS. The yield of essential oil (ml per 100 g of DM) of the leaf following the four phases of development was in order of: young leaves (5.1%) &gt; expanded leaves 1 (4.5%) &gt; expanded leaves 2 (4.1%) &gt; mature leaves (3.8%). Sixteen compounds were detected by GC/MS. Eugenol and eugenyl acetate were the dominant components. Eugenol and eugenyl acetate amount had a divergent evolution during the four expansions of leaves. When eugenol reached its highest percentages at expanded leaves 2 (84.00 - 90.48%) and mature leaves stage (88.32 - 90.22%), eugenyl acetate reached the lowest ones with, respectively, 0.96 - 7.16% and 0.36 - 1.64%, but when the eugenyl acetate reached a maximum percentage at young leaves stage with 61.44 - 65.52%, eugenol reached a minimum of 25.43 - 30.38%. It is judicious to collect and extract <em>S. aromaticum</em> leaf in expended leaves 2 (pale green leaves) and mature leaves stage (dark green leaves) in order to obtain the optimal yield and maximum percentage of eugenol.</p>

Enzyme‐assisted extraction of essential oils from Syzygium aromaticum

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 248-254
Author(s):  
R. Amudan ◽  
D. V. Kamat ◽  
S. D. Kamat
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Zone Size ◽  
Structure Quality ◽  
Assisted Extraction

The essential oil of clove ( Syzygium aromaticum) holds an important positionamongst widely used essential oils. A typical steam distillation processfor the extraction of clove oil provides a 10.1% yield. Recent studies involvedthe use of enzymes such as pectinase, amylase, lignocellulase, and cellulaseon the powder of clove buds, prior to extraction. The traditional methods ofphysical and chemical extraction are effective but may affect the structure,quality and yield of the phytochemicals extracted. In the current study,hence, enzymes specific for action on the cell wall have been used in the pretreatment prior to extraction, to enhance the quality and yield of the phytochemicalsextracted. The results indicated that all the enzymes, gave morethan 50% higher yield than control in terms of weight of extracted essentialoil. A mixture of the enzymes gave the highest yield of 17.82%. Gas chromatographyresults indicated that the essential oil extracted using amylase hada maximum eugenol content of 70%, in comparison with the eugenol content(62–68%) in the essential oils extracted using the rest of the enzymes.Antibacterial activity of all the extracts was studied on methicillin â€resistantStaphylococcus aureus  (MRSA). The essential oil extracted by using amylaseinhibitedMRSA, showed a zone size of 40 mm, whereas the essential oil extractedby using lignocellulase showed a zone size of 45 mm. The gas chromatogramindicated the maximum number of peaks in this extract, whichcould be producing a combined antibacterial effect on the organism. Thespecific gravity values of the essential oil extracted using lignocellulase andamylase was 1.051 and 1.062, respectively, whereas the control had a specificgravity of 1.015.

Enzymatic Synthesis of Eugenyl Acetate from Essential Oil of Clove Using Lipases in Liquid Formulation as Biocatalyst

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Santolin ◽  
Karina G. Fiametti ◽  
Viviane da Silva Lobo ◽  
João H. C. Wancura ◽  
José Vladimir Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Acetic Anhydride ◽  
Enzymatic Synthesis ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Liquid Formulation ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Eugenyl Acetate ◽  
Extensive Evaluation ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Abstract In this research, eugenyl acetate, a compound with flavoring, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, was obtained from essential oil of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) via liquid lipase-mediated acetylation. Clove essential oil was extracted by drag water vapor from dry flower buds and its physic-chemical characteristics were analyzed. For the enzymatic synthesis, an extensive evaluation of reaction parameters was accomplished through employment of distinct reaction temperatures, acetic anhydride to eugenol molar ratios, enzyme loads and three different lipases (a lyophilized enzyme produced by solid-state fermentation of sunflower seed with Penicillium sumatrense microorganism and others two commercial lipases – Lipozyme TL 100L and CALB L). Characterization by Infrared Spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR and 13C) was used to confirm the presence of eugenyl acetate in the samples. Through optimized conditions (55 °C, acetic anhydride to eugenol molar ratio of 1:1, 10 wt% of Lipozyme TL 100L), 91.80 % of conversion after 2 h was achieved to the eugenyl acetate production. With the results obtained, it was possible to conclude that the use of lipases in liquid formulation is a promising alternative for the synthesis of essential esters largely applied on food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.

scholarly journals Fumigation and repellency of essential oils against Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) in cowpea

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Vargas de Oliveira ◽  
Solange Maria de França ◽  
Douglas Rafael e Silva Barbosa ◽  
Kamilla de Andrade Dutra ◽  
Alice Maria Nascimento de Araujo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Cinnamomum Zeylanicum ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Piper Aduncum

Abstract: The objective of this work was to assess the fumigant and repellent effects of essential oils on adults of Callosobruchus maculatus and to identify the chemical composition of two of the tested essential oils. For the fumigation test, the oils of Schinus terebinthifolius, Piper aduncum, Syzygium aromaticum, Piper hispidinervum, Cymbopogon citratus, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, and the eugenol compound were tested at different concentrations on C. maculatus adults. For the repellency test, the oils of S. terebinthifolius, P. aduncum, P. hispidinervum, S. aromaticum, Jatropha curcas, and Ricinus communis were evaluated. In the fumigation test, it was observed that P. aduncum and eugenol showed the highest and lowest LC50s, of 169.50 and 0.28 μL L-1 air, respectively. In the repellency test, the oils of S. aromaticum and P. hispidinervum were repellent to C. maculatus. Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of these two oils identified 42 compounds, of which safrole was the main component of P. hispidinervum and eugenol of S. aromaticum. The essential oils of S. aromaticum, C. zeylanicum, and the eugenol compound are the most promising to control C. maculatus, via fumigation.

scholarly journals Komposisi Minyak Atsiri dan Aktivitas Antimikroba Rimpang Temu Putih dan Jahe Gajah sebagai Fitobiotik Pakan Unggas

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Laila Nur Rohma ◽  
Laila Nur Rohma ◽  
Osfar Sjofjan ◽  
M. Halim Natsir
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Main Component

ABSTRAK                                                                        Imbuhan pakan unggas dapat berasal dari bahan herbal yang mengandung berbagai komponen aktif yang bermanfaat bagi pertumbuhan ternak.Temu putih dan jahe gajah dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai imbuhan pakan karena mengandung minyak atsiri yang dapat berperan sebagai agen antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komponen penyusun minyak atsiri dan aktivitas antimikroba pada rimpang temu putih dan jahe gajah. Penelitian dilakukan dengan percobaan in vitro menggunakan temu putih dan jahe gajah yang diolah menjadi bentuk ekstrak minyak atsiri temu putih dan jahe gajah sebagai materi uji komposisi penyusun minyak atsiri serta bentuktepung dan enkapsulasi sebagai materi uji aktivitas antimikroba. Komposisi minyak atsiri temu putih terdiri dari lima komponen penyusun dengan cis-1,7-octadien-3-yl acetat sebagai komponen utama. Komposisi minyak atsiri jahe gajah terdiri dari tujuh komponen dan benzene,1-(1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl)-4-methyl-(CAS) ar-curcumene sebagai komponen utama. Minyak atsiri yang terkandung pada temu putih dan jahe gajah mempunyai peran dalam menghambat mikroba. Uji komposisi penyusun minyak atsiri menggunakan alat GC-MS dan uji aktivitas antimikroba menggunakan metode disc diffusion dan. Hasil dari uji aktivitas antimikroba menunjukkan bahwa temu putih dan jahe gajah dalam bentuk tepung dan enkapsulasi memiliki perbedaan yang sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap aktivitas antimikroba pada bakteri asam laktat, Escherichia coli dan Salmonella sp. Campuran temu putih dan jahe gajah (1:1) menunjukkan kemampuan terbaik dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri patogen dengan diameter zona hambat 5,70±0,14 mm  (Escherichia coli) dan 6,88±0,45 mm (Salmonella sp.).Kata Kunci : antimikroba, fitobiotik, jahe gajah, minyak atsiri, temu putihABSTRACTThe poultry feed additives can contain herbal ingredients that contain various beneficial components for livestock growth. White turmeric and giant ginger can be used as feed additives because they contain essential oils that can be used as antibacterial agents. This study aims to determine the constituent components of essential oils and antimicrobial activity in white turmeric and giant ginger rhizomes. The study was carried out by in vitro experiments using white turmeric and giant ginger which were processed into the form of essential oil extract as material for the composition of essential oils test, and powder and encapsulation form as antimicrobial activity test material. The composition of essential oils of white turmeric consists of five constituent components with cis-1,7-octadien-3-yl acetate as the main component. The composition of giant ginger essential oil consists of seven components with benzene, 1- (1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl) -4-methyl- (CAS) ar-curcumene as the main component. Essential oils contained in the white turmeric and giant ginger have a role in inhibiting microbes. The composition of the essential oil tested using GC-MS and the antimicrobial activity test used the disc diffusion method. The results of the antimicrobial activity test showed that white turmeric and giant ginger in powder and encapsulation form had significant differences (P <0.01) on antimicrobial activity in lactic acid bacteria, Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. The mixture of white turmeric and giant ginger (1: 1) showed the best ability to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria with inhibitory zone diameters of 5.70 ± 0.14 mm (Escherichia coli) and 6.88 ± 0.45 mm (Salmonella sp.).Keywords: antimicrobial, essential oil, giant ginger, phytobiotic, white turmeric

scholarly journals The Effect of Essential Oil Intake on Changes of Plasma Antioxidant Status in Mice

2007 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Š. Faix ◽  
Š. Juhas ◽  
Z. Faixová
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Total Antioxidant Status ◽  
The Body ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Total Antioxidant

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of four essential oils intake by feed, namely Origanum vulgare, Thymus vulgaris, Cinnamomum zeylanicum Ness, and Syzygium aromaticum on antioxidant status in mice in vivo. Essential oils were in the aether oleum form. They were diluted with ethanol absolute mixed with ground pelett (0.1, 0.25, 0.57 and 1% concentration) and thereafter ethanol was evaporated. SOD, GPx activities and TAS were measured in erythrocytes and plasma spectrophotometrically with Ransod, Ransel and TAS kits from RANDOX, respectively. GPX activity showed a significant increase in 0.25% and 0.1% concentration of Origani aetheroleum. The GPx activities were decreased in 1% concentration of Thymi aetheroleum and 0.57% concentration of Cinnamomi aetheroleum and 0.57% concentration of Caryophylli aetheroleum. The total antioxidant status showed a significant decrease in 1 % concentration of Origani aetheroleum and significantly increased in 0.1% concentration. The same results were found in Thymi aetheroleum. Cinnamomi aetheroleum and Caryophylli aetheroleum had not effect on total antioxidant status. SOD activities were not significantly changed after intake of essential oils. In conclusion, our results showed, that concentration of essential oil is very important for antioxidant status and also for metabolism of mice, because a high dose of essential oil has adverse effect on metabolism of mice, representated by a lower growth of the body weight. On the other hand, essential oils at lower concentrations have positive effect on antioxidant status of mice.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, Anti-Tyrosinase, Anti-Cholinesterase and Cytotoxic Activities of Essential Oils of Six Algerian Plants

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kadour Cheraif ◽  
Boulanouar Bakchiche ◽  
Abdelaziz Gherib ◽  
Sanaa K. Bardaweel ◽  
Melek Çol Ayvaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Cytotoxic Effect ◽  
Food Preservation ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Mentha Pulegium ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Lavandula Officinalis ◽  
Main Component

In this study, the essential oils (EOs) of six Algerian plants (Artemisia campestris L., Artemisia herba-alba Asso, Juniperus phoenicea L., Juniperus oxycedrus L., Mentha pulegium L. and Lavandula officinalis Chaix) were obtained by hydrodistillation, and their compositions determined by GC-MS and GC-FID. The antioxidant activity of the EOS was evaluated via 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric-reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) assays. Moreover, their cytotoxic effect was evaluated—as well as their tyrosinase, acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterase (AChE and BuChE) inhibitory activities. The chemical analyses detected 44, 45, 51, 53, 26 and 40 compounds in EOs of A. campestris, A. herba-alba, J. phoenicea, J. oxycedrus, M. pulegium and L. officinalis, respectively. A. campestris EO was mainly composed of β-pinene (20.7%), while A. herba-alba EO contained davanone D (49.5%) as the main component. α-Pinene (41.8%) was detected as the major constituent in both J. phoenicea (41.8%) and J. oxycedrus (37.8%) EOs. M. pulegium EO was characterized by pulegone as the most abundant (76.9%) compound, while linalool (35.8%) was detected as a major constituent in L. officinalis EO. The antioxidant power evaluation revealed IC50 values ranging from 2.61 to 91.25 mg/mL for DPPH scavenging activity, while the FRAP values ranged from 0.97–8.17 µmol Trolox equivalents (TX)/g sample. In the ABTS assay, the values ranged from 7.01 to 2.40 µmol TX/g sample. In the presence of 1 mg/mL of the samples, tyrosinase inhibition rates ranged from 11.35% to 39.65%, AChE inhibition rates ranged from 40.57% to 73.60% and BuChE inhibition rates ranged from 6.47% to 72.03%. A significant cytotoxic effect was found for A. herba-alba EO. The obtained results support some of the traditional uses of these species in food preservation and for protection against several diseases.

scholarly journals Suppression of Linalool Acetate Production in Lavandula x intermedia

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0900401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Desautels ◽  
Kamal Biswas ◽  
Alexander Lane ◽  
Astrid Boeckelmann ◽  
Soheil S. Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Acetate Production ◽  
Essential Oil Production ◽  
Sensitive Method

Linalool acetate, one of the major constituent of several essential oils, is heat-labile and decomposes upon exposure to the high injector temperature during gas chromatography. Here we report the development of an improved method for detection of this compound by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) using cold on-column injection of the sample. By using this sensitive method, it has been demonstrated that a lavandin (L.x intermedia) mutant accumulates trace quantities of linalool acetate and camphor and higher amounts of cineole and borneol compared to its parent. This plant, which very likely carries a point mutation in one or more of the genes involved in essential oil production, provides a unique tool for investigating regulation of essential oil biogenesis in plants.

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