scholarly journals Precarious Employment in Present-Day Russia: Relevant Worker Profiles

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.38) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Nikolaevich Bobkov ◽  
Yuri Gennadievich Odegov ◽  
Valentina Vasilievna Pavlova
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Employment Contract ◽  
Precarious Employment ◽  
Employment Sector ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Self Assessments

This paper provides a characterization of the essence of precarious employment. The author describes some of the key stages in the transformation of the employment sector. The paper shares the findings from a sociological study into precarious employment in a representative group. The author has explored some of the key parameters for the group and has fine-tuned a set of indicators of precarious employment and their quantitative values which identify particular aspects of precarious employment (Note 1), namely with a focus on: assessments of the level of being protected by the employment contract (employee evaluations of the terms and conditions of the employment contract and assessments of the extent to which the employer abides by them; assessments of the likelihood of being laid off; assessments of one’s willingness to look for another job and the reasons behind it); assessments of the accessibility of mechanisms of social protection for employees; self-assessments of material well-being; work conditions (e.g., length of the work week, half-time work, and availability and duration of work in an additional place); etc. The author has identified a total of 5 profiles for present-day employment in Russia, which are characterized by an increase in signs of precarious employment, and provides a comparative characterization thereof.   

scholarly journals Regional level of inclusive development

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Maryna Shashyna ◽  
Mykola Butko ◽  
Svitlana Tulchynska
Keyword(s):  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Inclusive Development ◽  
Equal Opportunities ◽  
World Economic Forum ◽  
World Economic ◽  
State Of The Environment ◽  
Positive Results

The concept of inclusive development provides equal opportunities for all participants in access to the labor market and resource allocation. This concept emphasizes the equality of human capital, the ecological state of the environment, social protection and food security. This concept is fundamentally different from the standard perception of economic growth, because it has broader goals than simply increasing incomes and GDP. It rejects the position that positive results are an automatic consequence of growth; here the basic condition is human development and increase of its well-being, reduction of poverty. Therefore, it is not the result of distribution that becomes primary, but the involvement in the process of social reproduction. An alternative system of characterization of the country's position according to the resulting indicator of the Inclusive Development Index was presented at the World Economic Forum in Davos. In this research the methodical development of the system of estimation of the index of inclusive development for regions of the NUTS 4 level of the European classification is resulted.

scholarly journals Regional level of inclusive development

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryna V. Shashyna ◽  
Mykola P. Butko ◽  
Svitlana O. Tulchynska
Keyword(s):  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Inclusive Development ◽  
Equal Opportunities ◽  
World Economic Forum ◽  
World Economic ◽  
State Of The Environment ◽  
Positive Results

The concept of inclusive development provides equal opportunities for all participants in access to the labor market and resource allocation. This concept emphasizes the equality of human capital, the ecological state of the environment, social protection and food security. This concept is fundamentally different from the standard perception of economic growth, because it has broader goals than simply increasing incomes and GDP. It rejects the position that positive results are an automatic consequence of growth; here the basic condition is human development and increase of its well-being, reduction of poverty. Therefore, it is not the result of distribution that becomes primary, but the involvement in the process of social reproduction. An alternative system of characterization of the country's position according to the resulting indicator of the Inclusive Development Index was presented at the World Economic Forum in Davos. In this research the methodical development of the system of estimation of the index of inclusive development for regions of the NUTS 4 level of the European classification is resulted.

Making the Cut

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Pedulla
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Job Applicants ◽  
Job Outcomes ◽  
Precarious Employment ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Hiring Process ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Employment Histories

Millions of workers today labor in nontraditional situations involving part-time work, temporary agency employment, and skills underutilization or face the precariousness of long-term unemployment. To date, research has largely focused on how these experiences shape workers' well-being, rather than how hiring agents perceive and treat job applicants who have moved through these positions. Shifting the focus from workers to hiring agents, this book explores how key gatekeepers evaluate workers with nonstandard, mismatched, or precarious employment experience. Factoring in the social groups to which workers belong—such as their race and gender—the book shows how workers get jobs, how the hiring process unfolds, who makes the cut, and who does not. The book documents and unpacks three important discoveries. Hiring professionals extract distinct meanings from different types of employment experiences; the effects of nonstandard, mismatched, and precarious employment histories for workers' job outcomes are not all the same; and the race and gender of workers intersect with their employment histories to shape which workers get called back for jobs. Indeed, hiring professionals use group-based stereotypes to weave divergent narratives or “stratified stories” about workers with similar employment experiences. The result is a complex set of inequalities in the labor market. Looking at bias and discrimination, social exclusion in the workplace, and the changing nature of work, the book probes the hiring process and offers a clearer picture of the underpinnings of getting a job in the new economy.

PREREQUISITES FOR THE FORMATION OF A MECHANISM FOR STATE REGULATION OF SOCIAL GUARANTEES IN THE REGION

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitaly Lobas ◽  
◽  
Elena Petryaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
Well Being ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Periodic Review ◽  
Cost Of Living ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
State Management ◽  
The Cost

The article deals with modern mechanisms for managing social protection of the population by the state and the private sector. From the point of view of forms of state regulation of the sphere of social protection, system indicators usually include the state and dynamics of growth in the standard of living of the population, material goods, services and social guarantees for the poorly provided segments of the population. The main indicator among the above is the state of the consumer market, as one of the main factors in the development of the state. Priority areas of public administration with the use of various forms of social security have been identified. It should be emphasized that, despite the legislative conflicts that exist today in Ukraine, mandatory indexation of the cost of living is established, which is associated with inflation. Various scientists note that although the definition of the cost of living index has a well-established methodology, there are quite a lot of regional features in the structure of consumption. All this is due to restrictions that are included in the consumer basket of goods and different levels of socio-economic development of regions. The analysis of the establishment and periodic review of the minimum consumer budgets of the subsistence minimum and wages of the working population and the need to form state insurance funds for unforeseen circumstances is carried out. Considering in this context the levers of state management of social guarantees of the population, we drew attention to the crisis periods that are associated with the market transformation of the regional economy. In these conditions, there is a need to develop and implement new mechanisms and clusters in the system of socio-economic relations. The components of the mechanisms ofstate regulation ofsocial guarantees of the population are proposed. The deepening of market relations in the process of reforming the system of social protection of the population should be aimed at social well-being.

THE IMPACT OF DECENTRALIZATION ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN UKRAINE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyudmyla Mishchenko ◽  
◽  
Dmytro Mishchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Infrastructural Support ◽  
The Impact

The actualization of the results of financial decentralization in Ukraine as part of the reform of decentralization of power and the development of proposals for its improvement is explained by the fact that a clear division of functions, powers and financial resources between national and regional levels is the basis for the well-being of our citizens. opportunities for its sustainable socio- economic development on a democratic basis. It is noted that financial decentralization is a process of giving authority to mobilize revenues and expenditures of local governments in order to increase the effectiveness of the implementation of these powers and better management of community budgets. It is established that unlike traditional entrepreneurship, which focuses on profit generation, the purpose of social entrepreneurship is to create and accumulate social capital. Abroad, social enterprises operate successfully in the fields of education, the environment, human rights, poverty reduction and health care, and their development and dissemination is one way to improve the living conditions of citizens. A similar mission is entrusted to local governments, which allows us to consider the revival of social entrepreneurship as an important element in improving self-government policy. It is determined that in modern conditions social entrepreneurship is one of the tools to ensure the ability of the local community to provide its members with an appropriate level of education, culture, health, housing and communal services, social protection, etc., as well as plan and implement programs efficient use of available natural and human resources, investment and infrastructural support of territorial communities. Due to financial decentralization, local governments have received additional resources that can be used to create economic incentives to promote social entrepreneurship in small and medium-sized businesses at the community level.

Issues of non-standard employment: social and hygienic aspects

2020 ◽  
pp. 392-398
Author(s):  
S. A. Druzhilov
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Labor Rights ◽  
Precarious Employment ◽  
Employment Conditions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Labor Safety ◽  
Typical Model

Drastic transformations of the social and labor sphere have led to the emergence of new health risks and sanitary and hygienic problems associated with unreliability of employment. A new socio-economic and psychological phenomenon “precarity” has emerged, which has aff ected the employment conditions of employees, so the description of the phenomenon “precarity” needs to be clarifi ed.The forms of labor employment that diff er from the typical model and worsen the employee’s situation are considered. The criteria based on which non-standard employment is considered unstable are given.Generalized types of unstable employment are identifi ed, the specifi city of which is determined by a combination of two factors: working time and the term of the contract. Unstable working conditions are possible not only in informal employment, but also in legal labor relations. Unreliability and instability of labor has an objective character and is a natural manifestation of the emerging economic and social order. The phenomenon of “precarity of employment” appears as a new determinant of the health of employees. The main feature when referring employment and labor relations to the phenomenon of “precarity” is their unreliability.Specifies the terms used: “precariat”; “precarious work”; precompact; the precariat. An essential characteristic of precarious employment is the violation of social and labor rights and lack of job security. A significant indicator of precarity is underemployment. Precarity induces the potential danger of dismissal of the employee and the resulting stress, psychosomatic disorders and pathological processes in the psyche.Precarious employment and related labor relations have become widespread. Many employees are deprived of social guarantees, including those related to labor safety, payment for holidays and temporary disability, and provision of preventive measures. Th is leads to a violation of the state of well-being, as well as the deterioration of individual and public health.

Economic behavior of households and their welfare: models and forms of interaction

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Maryana Bil ◽  
Olha Mulska
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Modern Theory ◽  
Economic Behaviour ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Impact

The article defines the content of welfare as a measure of socially oriented efficiency of economic growth, which reflects the appropriate level of providing the population with material and spiritual goods with the formation of favourable conditions for human development and capitalization of human potential in a competitive mobile space. The modern theory of welfare testifies to the deepening of scientific discussions on the transformation of economic welfare into mobile and inclusive, as well as the opposition of competitive and social protection welfare policy. Another milestone in the evolution of welfare theory is the individualization of its provision. Conditions of competition and mobility increase the importance of households in providing their well-being with further reflection on the processes of economic growth of the community, region, and state. This gives grounds to actualize the issues of household welfare research and strengthening economic growth based on behavioural economics. The needs, interests, motives, and incentives determine the economic behaviour of households. At higher levels, it defines an economic culture that is closely linked to the national mentality. In this regard, the main models of economic and social behaviour of households – socialization, adaptation, integration, values, regulation, and the definition of financial development strategies are outlined. Theoretical approaches to the explanation of economic behaviour are generalized, namely religious-ethical, psychological, substantive theories, theories of motivations and acquired needs, process theories, theories of justice, and others. Based on the ideas of foreign scientists, the main determinants of the economic policy of households are proposed. Political, stabilizing, and economic determinants are distinguished in the group of general determinants. In the group of determinants directly related to households, the financial, demographic, cultural, social, empirical, and psychological are suggested. The author’s emphasis is placed on the importance of the impact of financial determinants of the households’ economic behaviour, the central place among which is occupied by savings.

Social Protection, Adolescent Well-Being, and Development in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suman Verma
Keyword(s):  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Developmental Potential ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Social Protection Systems ◽  
Cycle Of Poverty ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Effective social protection policies are crucial to realizing adolescents’ rights, ensuring their well-being, breaking the cycle of poverty and vulnerability, and helping them realize their full developmental potential. Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have extended social security coverage to ensure basic protections—while continuing to develop social protection systems. Social protection for LMIC adolescents in the context of gross violations of their basic rights is examined. Prevalence, consequences of protection rights violations, and the role and impact of social protection programs in ensuring enhanced opportunities for development and well-being among young people are discussed. Results demonstrate direct impacts (e.g., increased income, consumption, goods and services access; greater social inclusion; reduced household stress). LMICs need integrated social protection policy and program expansion if the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is to be realized. With adolescent-centered policies and investments, governments can help adolescents realize their rights to a fulfilling and productive life.

scholarly journals CD25890, a conserved protein that modulates sporulation initiation in Clostridioides difficile

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diogo Martins ◽  
Michael A. DiCandia ◽  
Aristides L. Mendes ◽  
Daniela Wetzel ◽  
Shonna M. McBride ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Human Intestine ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Nutritional Conditions ◽  
Sporulation Initiation

AbstractBacteria that reside in the gastrointestinal tract of healthy humans are essential for our health, sustenance and well-being. About 50–60% of those bacteria have the ability to produce resilient spores that are important for the life cycle in the gut and for host-to-host transmission. A genomic signature for sporulation in the human intestine was recently described, which spans both commensals and pathogens such as Clostridioides difficile and contains several genes of unknown function. We report on the characterization of a signature gene, CD25890, which, as we show is involved in the control of sporulation initiation in C. difficile under certain nutritional conditions. Spo0A is the main regulatory protein controlling entry into sporulation and we show that an in-frame deletion of CD25890 results in increased expression of spo0A per cell and increased sporulation. The effect of CD25890 on spo0A is likely indirect and mediated through repression of the sinRR´ operon. Deletion of the CD25890 gene, however, does not alter the expression of the genes coding for the cytotoxins or the genes involved in biofilm formation. Our results suggest that CD25890 acts to modulate sporulation in response to the nutrients present in the environment.

scholarly journals Psychosocial impact on frontline health and social care professionals in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative interview study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e047353
Author(s):  
Henry Aughterson ◽  
Alison R McKinlay ◽  
Daisy Fancourt ◽  
Alexandra Burton
Keyword(s):  
Personal Growth ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Qualitative Interview Study ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
Communication Challenges ◽  
The Uk

ObjectivesTo explore the psychosocial well-being of health and social care professionals working during the COVID-19 pandemic.DesignThis was a qualitative study deploying in-depth, individual interviews, which were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was used for coding.ParticipantsThis study involved 25 participants from a range of frontline professions in health and social care.SettingInterviews were conducted over the phone or video call, depending on participant preference.ResultsFrom the analysis, we identified 5 overarching themes: communication challenges, work-related stressors, support structures, personal growth and individual resilience. The participants expressed difficulties such as communication challenges and changing work conditions, but also positive factors such as increased team unity at work, and a greater reflection on what matters in life.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence on the support needs of health and social care professionals amid continued and future disruptions caused by the pandemic. It also elucidates some of the successful strategies (such as mindfulness, hobbies, restricting news intake, virtual socialising activities) deployed by health and social care professionals that can support their resilience and well-being and be used to guide future interventions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document