scholarly journals Perempuan dan Teknologi Informasi

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 415
Author(s):  
Fahruddin Faiz

The patriarchal culture that is gender biased has been proven to bring a negative effect in the harmony of human life. Men and women ideally must complete one-another and support each other in different ways. However patriarchal culture has made men became the main actors, dominant and hegemonic, and women became the figurant side, on the border and unable to express themselves. This 'sidedness' in the world of informational technology is one of the real facts in this problem. This article tries to prove how women's access to the technological world has been 'walled' since the beginning and how women are positioned only as a profitable object by exploiting their body and sexuality by technological practitioners. In the end of this article, the writer advises the need of a world-view patriarchal deconstruction, a cultural revolution, and a reformation of social structure as a way out of this problem.

2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 722-756
Author(s):  
Jon Adams ◽  
Edmund Ramsden

Nestled among E. M. Forster's careful studies of Edwardian social mores is a short story called “The Machine Stops.” Set many years in the future, it is a work of science fiction that imagines all humanity housed in giant high-density cities buried deep below a lifeless surface. With each citizen cocooned in an identical private chamber, all interaction is mediated through the workings of “the Machine,” a totalizing social system that controls every aspect of human life. Cultural variety has ceded to rigorous organization: everywhere is the same, everyone lives the same life. So hopelessly reliant is humanity upon the efficient operation of the Machine, that when the system begins to fail there is little the people can do, and so tightly ordered is the system that the failure spreads. At the story's conclusion, the collapse is total, and Forster's closing image offers a condemnation of the world they had built, and a hopeful glimpse of the world that might, in their absence, return: “The whole city was broken like a honeycomb. […] For a moment they saw the nations of the dead, and, before they joined them, scraps of the untainted sky” (2001: 123). In physically breaking apart the city, there is an extent to which Forster is literalizing the device of the broken society, but it is also the case that the infrastructure of the Machine is so inseparable from its social structure that the failure of one causes the failure of the other. The city has—in the vocabulary of present-day engineers—“failed badly.”


1977 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 675-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lowell Dittmer

The extent to which the Cultural Revolution has transformed the world-view of the Chinese masses remains among the psycho-cultural imponderables, but clearly it has revolutionized the western view of Chinese politics. The dominant pre-1966 image of a consensual solidarity disturbed only rarely by purges, also handled in an orderly way by a consensus excluding only its victims, was challenged by a sudden multitude of polemical claims to the effect that a struggle for power and principle had been raging behind the scenes for decades. This struggle was characterized as a “struggle between two lines”: a “proletarian revolutionary line,” led by Mao Tse-tung, and a “bourgeois reactionary line,” led by Liu Shao-ch'i and Teng Hsiaop'ing. This struggle allegedly represented a deep underlying ideological cleavage within the leadership that had repercussions on every aspect of Chinese life: foreign policy, strategies of economic development, techniques of leadership and administration, pay scales and living standards, delivery patterns for education, medicine, and other services; even scientific method. Allegations concerning this struggle were supported by a wealth of documentary evidence, culled from hitherto confidential Party and government files. Initially greeted with scepticism among western journalists and academic circles, some variant of the “two lines” paradigm has made increasing inroads into our attempts to understand the origins of the Cultural Revolution. The time has come to re-evaluate the conception of a two-line struggle in retrospect and to try to determine just what it means and how it functions.


2019 ◽  
pp. 53-66
Author(s):  
Ichhimuddin Sarkar

Very few studies are available to understand the philosophical views of Rabindranath Tagore in the light of his attitude and realization of Islam vis-à-vis idea of universalism. Fact remains that the Islamic civilization has thoroughly been recognized in the academic circles but its depth and learning have not been studied up to expectation. European historians and philosophers seem to be hesitant to acknowledge the contribution of Islamic civilization over the centuries. Even a majority of Eastern scholars are critical about welcoming the actual merit of Islam. Rabindranath Tagore being one of the brightest stars in the galaxy of poets and writers made a serious study on the philosophy and writings of many Muslim thinkers and ultimately brought to our notice an extraordinary feeling about Islamic ideas and philosophy. Rabindranth Tagore seems to have sought the inner meaning of Islam and developed a kind of value- based attitude towards human life and the universe. It is likely that through his Gitanjali and Religion of Man (Manusher Dharma) in particular were presented with an objective to stimulate and guide men in search of Ultimate Truth and Oneness of God. It is said that Rabindranth Tagore was acquainted with the verses of the Qur‟an in his childhood and in this respect his father Maharishi Devendranath Tagore imbibed in him many theological aspects of Islam as a religion. The paper intends to explore how Tagore was influenced by Islam and as a poet-thinker he nurtured the idea of eternal truth from the Upanishads, the Tripitakas as well as the Bible and through a particular discipline and inner uplift he came to the conclusion that aggregate of essentials of diversity cannot be judged in the light of mere logic and arguments. This feeling seems to have prompted Tagore to find out the inner truth of the universe and side by side to propagate the idea of universal humanism throughout the world. Philosophy and Progress, Vol#61-62; No#1-2; Jan-Dec 2017 P 53-66


The article is sanctified to consideration of the modern stateof conception of integral r ationalism, that originates theideological sources from the paradigm of Europe adogmatism. An author distinguishes her ontological andepistemological intensions that direc tly touch themodern mainstream of Interdisciplinary and thinking in complication. Postmetaphysical tendencies areexposed to the walkthrough in philo sophy, science, andreligions that gravitate to rapprochement as a generalmental structure of i ntegral rationalism of new Logos.The world view factors of the European thinking, that entail edthe crisis phenomena in the coexistence of countries ofEuropean Union, are studied, on the basis of adogmatic reflection of historical preconditions of European integration. The present day is the post-metephysical period of awareness of the need for a return to holistic thinking, the focus of which at present is synergetic. Science, remaining "a high-tech knowledge center", paves the way through interdisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity to the transversal mind, which is still an imaginary horizon of ontological unity of various types of rationality and the definition of reason as such. In theology, there is an acute reformist need for the creation of a "new intellectual non-church religion", which would first of all honor ethical and aesthetic functions that produce the moral safeguards of human life. Each aspect of integral rationalism is in a state of intrinsic imbalance, which is capable of showing the intentions of convergence (or dispersal in the event of deepening of the crisis trends) to each other through a sinergetic antagonism around the idea of the "faith is the entelechy of mind" integral rationalism. Such intentions arise primarily through the awakening of an ontological inquiry into the metaphysical unity of being and being in their hermeneutic circle. The world, immersed in a pathos train (stable perseverance) of globalization with the intention to change the existence in space measurements, made a fatal mistake, not taking into account that such a change is heavy for itself and the change of things, namely, human-being. The expectation that a person under the influence of technological pressure (since it was he who became the driving factor for global development) automatically turned into a "citizen of the world" did not materialize: the regionality of thinking, the location of traditions, nationalism, religious isoletionism, the existence of "poles of influence" on geopolitics and therefore the existence (human) among the technical revolutions is in the forgotten frontier of "globalization-anti- globalism".


2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-80
Author(s):  
Marjiatun Hujaz ◽  
Nur Huda ◽  
Syihabudin Qalyubi

This study aims to examines the meaning of zawj in al-Qur'an. This research is a qualitative research using descriptive-analysis method. Descriptive-analysis method aims to analyze the zawj’ word in the Qur'an. The meaning of zawj in the Qur'an is very vareative. In the Koran with various derivations, the word zawj is 21 derivations contained in 72 verses of 43 surahs and is mentioned in 81 times. The researcher used the semantic analysis of al-Qur'an which was initiated by Toshihiko Izutsu who tried to address the world view of Qu'ran (weltanschauung) through semantic analysis of the vocabulary and key terms in the Qur’an. This research concludes that the basic meaning of the word zawj is something that is not singular or something that has an equivalent. Zawj can be interpreted as: a husband in the surah (al-Mujādalah [58]: 1;wife in the surah (al-Baqarah [2]: 35; a partner, namely Allah created all beings in pairs (az-Dzariyat [51]: 49;animals are male and female pairs (al-An'ām [6]: 143), plants (al-Syu'arā [367]: 7); and groups (al-Wāqi'ah [56]: 7. In the pre- Qur'anic, the word zawj is defined as a rug. In the Qur'anic period it is divided into two, namely Mecca and Medina. The Mecca period has a close meaning with the sign of the greatness of Allah and the pleasure that Allah gives. The Medina period contains the laws of separation. In the post-Qur'anic period, the word zawj describes gender equality, that men and women are the same components without being differentiated, so that there is a harmonious life in pairs. Keywords :Diachronic, Izutsu,Semantic, Synchronic, Zawj.


This study aims to examine comprehensively the meaning and the existence of religiosity in Charles Dickens’ Novel A Christmas Carol. It is a qualitative research using a structural genetic approach. The data were collected from the text of the novel and analyzed through a content analysis. The results of this study are as follows: (1) Autonomous structures of the novel such plot, character, setting and theme have a coherent as a whole and are interconnected to describe the problem of religiosity in the novel A Christmas Carol which indicate transformation of religiosity such as religious belief, religious practices and religious values to improve the quality of human life. (2) Social structure of English Society in Industrial Revolution indicates its significance in describing social context of English society in the novel of A Christmas Carol. Such as, the problem of population density, low labor salaries, the high cost of daily living in the City of London, and the degradation of religiosity in the British Society. (3) The author’s world view indicates the need of change of man’s religiosity through his or her affection of social and religious experience to recover the meaning and the application of religiosity in human life especially in the aspect of solidarity. religiosity based on structural genetics, the autonomous structure of the novel A Christmas Carol, the social structure of British society during the Industrial Revolution, and the worldview of the author has a unified whole to prove that there is a homologous relationship between social reality, especially religions of British society during the Industrial Revolution


Author(s):  
Dr. Lê Văn Đoán

Buddhism has lived with the Vietnamese people for more than 20 centuries; The link of communication has tightened Buddhism with the Vietnamese people into an inseparable block. The thought of Buddhism has imbued with the national spirit and profoundly influenced the world view and human outlook of the Vietnamese people. Up to now, many Buddhist researchers have offered different opinions, but they all have one thing in common: Humanity can hardly imagine the fact that about 2600 years ago there was a flesh and blood people with superhuman thoughts have lived on our planet. The human value of Buddhism has been expressed in the worldview and human life with a sharp and vivid view.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 32-53
Author(s):  
Maria Célia Dias de Castro ◽  
Marta Helena Facco Piovesan

Os nomes próprios de lugares, os topônimos, são elementos singulares do léxico da língua que, dentre suas várias funções como signo toponímico, prestam-se como indícios da história dos povos que os utilizam em suas interações verbais. Para além disso, são verdadeiros testemunhos dos diversos aspectos da memória e da identidade. Com esta perspectiva, este trabalho tem como objetivo principal verificar como os topônimos dos aglomerados urbanos da cidade de Balsas - MA manifestam as representações identitárias, de memória e de história de seus habitadores. A metodologia segue os pressupostos da onomástica, notadamente da toponímia, com uma análise descritiva das categorias identidade e memória entrelaçadas com a história, as quais são aplicadas aos topônimos de natureza antropocultural de base antroponímica, axionímica, coronímica e historionímica. Os resultados revelam que esses topônimos do sul do Maranhão expressam as acepções que abarcam a visão do mundo e da vida física e a visão da vida humana, os quais representam caracteres memorísticos e identitários dos vários povos que habitam este município, estabelecendo uma proximidade com essas transposições e instituições da língua.Abstract: The proper names of places, toponyms, are singular elements of the lexicon of the language that, among its various functions as toponymic sign, lend themselves as evidence of the history of the people who use them in their verbal interactions. In addition, they are true testimonies of the various aspects of memory and identity. With this perspective, Thus, this paper has as main aims to verify how the toponyms of the urban agglomerations of the city of Balsas-MA manifest the identity, memorable and historic representations of its inhabitants. The methodology follows the assumptions of onomastics, notably toponymy, with a descriptive analysis of the categories identity and memory intertwined with history, which are applied to toponyms of anthropocultural nature, with base axionimic, coronimic and historionimic toponyms. The results reveal that these toponyms in the south of Maranhão express the meanings that encompass the world view and the physical life and the human life view, which represent memorable and identity characters of the various peoples that inhabit this municipality, establishing proximity with these transpositions and institutions of the language. Key-words: Toponyms, Identity, Memory, History, Balsas-MA.


2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (07) ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Вафа Самед гызы Алиева ◽  

There is a close link between culture and language. Phraseological units reflect the world view of definite nation, and the idioms with phytonyms make one of the biggest groups of phraseological units. Plants are an inseparable part of human life. They are used for making food, clothes and shelter; moreover, they play an important role in understanding of religious, symbolic, aesthetic components of culture. The article discusses the frequency of use of various phytonyms in English, Russian an Azerbaijan languages. Some idioms with phytonyms have the precise equivalents which lexical, grammatical and semantical structure coincide in these three languages, but most of such kind of idioms lack the precise equivalents, and while translating the most important thing is to preserve their semantics, expressiveness and imagery. The article also provides information about the origin of some of the idiomatic expressions with phytonyms. Key words: idioms, plants, culture, phytonyms, frequency of use of phytonyms, origin of idiomatical expressions with phytonyms


Author(s):  
Trisha Wangno ◽  
Madhumita Barbora

Kinship terms and systems are considered to be one of the most resistant parts of language which are constantly in a threat by dominant language. Through these terminologies, we can find out how language not only defines but tries to explain the world view of the native speakers. The kinship terms can also be used to identify and group the specific language with other languages with which it shares its common features under a common phylum. This paper is a study of the kinship terms and systems of Nocte, a Tibeto-Burman language spoken in Arunachal Pradesh. It has also been established as an endangered language. In this paper we look into Nocte Kinship terms, the system, the social structure and its affinity to the Proto-Tibeto-Burman roots.


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