Effects of Free Radical Mediator NF-κB Expression Change on Brain in Aging Mice after Various Load Aerobic Training

2013 ◽  
Vol 749 ◽  
pp. 215-220
Author(s):  
Xue Li ◽  
Qiong Jia Yuan ◽  
Lu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Expression Change ◽  
Exercise Load ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Brain

ntroduction: This study was to explore the mechanism of exercise induced anti-aging effects on brain at molecular level in mice, which may provide some fundamental evidences for further research in anti-aging in human beings. Methods: 60 male mice (3 month old) were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (group C), exercise group 1-3 (group E1, E2, and E3) with 15 in each group. Group E1 to E3 had swimming exercise at various load (30, 60, and 90min/day for E1, E2 and E3 respectively) for 8 monthes. The subjects were decapitated immediately and gained brain after the last exercise. The amount of SOD and MDA in gastrocnimius were measured by colorimetric method. The expression of NF-κB P50 mRNA and its protein amount were measured by Western-Blot and RT-PCR. Results and Conclusions: 1) NF-κB was sensitive to exercise stimulation and its actitity level was affected by exercise load. 2) The brain improved their anti-oxidization ability due to the adaptable changes of the antioxidant enzymes after long time moderate load aerobic exercise, which sped up the free radical clearance in the brain to reduce its impairment and meanwhile inhibited the activity of NF-κB. This process could be one of the anti-aging machanisms through aerobic exercises. 3) In long time over-load exercise (90 minutes), the free radicals in the brain accumulated and could not be cleared up timely, which would decrease the anti-oxidization ability. This process would activate NF-κB and enhance its expression, which may result in inflammation reactions and cellular dying, therefore speeding the aging process.

scholarly journals Exercise Ameliorates Spinal Cord Injury by Changing DNA Methylation

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Ganchimeg Davaa ◽  
Jin Young Hong ◽  
Tae Uk Kim ◽  
Seong Jae Lee ◽  
Seo Young Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
The Brain

Exercise training is a traditional method to maximize remaining function in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI), but the exact mechanism by which exercise promotes recovery after SCI has not been identified; whether exercise truly has a beneficial effect on SCI also remains unclear. Previously, we showed that epigenetic changes in the brain motor cortex occur after SCI and that a treatment leading to epigenetic modulation effectively promotes functional recovery after SCI. We aimed to determine how exercise induces functional improvement in rats subjected to SCI and whether epigenetic changes are engaged in the effects of exercise. A spinal cord contusion model was established in rats, which were then subjected to treadmill exercise for 12 weeks. We found that the size of the lesion cavity and the number of macrophages were decreased more in the exercise group than in the control group after 12 weeks of injury. Immunofluorescence and DNA dot blot analysis revealed that levels of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in the brain motor cortex were increased after exercise. Accordingly, the expression of ten-eleven translocation (Tet) family members (Tet1, Tet2, and Tet3) in the brain motor cortex also elevated. However, no macrophage polarization was induced by exercise. Locomotor function, including Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) and ladder scores, also improved in the exercise group compared to the control group. We concluded that treadmill exercise facilitates functional recovery in rats with SCI, and mechanistically epigenetic changes in the brain motor cortex may contribute to exercise-induced improvements.

Relationship Between Exercise and 18-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Imaging of Brain in the Elderly

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1962-1966
Author(s):  
Pengfei Kang
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Occlusion ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Computed Tomography Imaging ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Scanning ◽  
Cerebral Vascular Occlusion ◽  
The Brain

CT were analyzed. The subjects were elderly people aged 55–75 who volunteered for brain 18F of the FDG CT and PET scanning. The elderly who maintained exercise were divided into exercise group and non-exercise group into control group. The images obtained by CT examination showed that the brain of the elderly who insisted on exercise showed a significant increase in glucose metabolism, which indicated that exercise had a preventive effect on brain diseases of the elderly, and reduced the risk of cerebral vascular occlusion and brain atrophy.

scholarly journals PO-113 Long-term Various Load Training Effects on Free Radical Metabolism in the Brain of Aging Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuilan Wei ◽  
Xue Li
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Swimming Exercise ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Free Radical Metabolism

Objective To investigate the effects of long-term various load aerobic exercise on the free radical metabolism of the brain in aging mice through the establishment of different swimming exercise models.  Methods sixty 3-month-old male Kunming mice were randomly and equally divided into five groups, which were the control group (group C), 10 minute exercise group (group E1), 30 minute exercise group (group E2), 60 minute exercise group (group E3), and 90 minute exercise group (group E4). Group C had regular feeding during the natural aging time in 8 months without any exercise intervention. All other exercise groups performed different load swimming exercise (from 10 to 90 minutes as mentioned above) during the same 8 month period. All subjects were decapitated after exercise on the last day of the 8th month; and the brain tissues were harvested as samples. The malondialdehyde (MDA) amount was measured by the Thiobarbituric Acid method, and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity level was measured with Xanthine Oxidase method. Results  group E3 demonstrated significantly higher SOD activity level and lower MDA amount than the other groups. Conclusions  Long-term, medium-load aerobic exercise had greatly impacted the metabolism of free radicals in the brain of the mouse, evidenced by increased SOD activity level and decreased MDA production. These effects may indicate that this exercise model may be beneficial in slowing down brain aging by eliminating free radicals and improving brain anti-oxidation ability.

scholarly journals Attenuation of Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress by Endurance Training in the Cerebellum of Diabetic Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Taheri ◽  
Abdolhamid Habibi ◽  
Saeid Shakerian ◽  
Mohammad Reza Tabandeh ◽  
Masoud Nikbakht
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
The Brain ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Training Protocol

Objectives: Identifying the effective exercise protocol that attenuates the functional and molecular disturbances in different regions of the brain, in particular the cerebellum, can help the proper management of neuropathies in diabetic patients. Methods: Twenty rats were randomly divided into four groups: (1) Normal control group (CON), (2) normal exercise group (TH), (3) diabetes control group (DC), and (4) diabetes exercise group (TD). Diabetes was induced by i.p injection of a single dose of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg). The endurance training protocol was performed on a treadmill for five days a week for six weeks with moderate intensity. The activities of antioxidant enzymes and the expression or release of apoptotic factors were analyzed based on data from rat cerebellum tissue at the end of the experiments. Results: Six weeks of endurance training improved the oxidative defense system by increasing the activities of SOD (from 3.70 ± 0.64 to 6.55 ± 0.56), GPx (from 3.42 ± 0.73 to 4.84 ± 0.62), and catalase (from 1.36 ± 0.23 to 3.59 ± 0.37) and reducing the MDA concentration (from 6.81 ± 1.34 to 4.33 ± 1.03) in the cerebellum of diabetic rats. Increased expression or cytosolic release of apoptotic effectors such as bax, caspase 3, and cytochrome c in the cerebellum of diabetic rats were attenuated following exercise training. Conclusions: Our research results showed that six weeks of endurance training may be helpful for the attenuation of neuropathies in diabetic patients by the attenuation of apoptosis and oxidative stress in the cerebellum.

scholarly journals Original Methods of Memorizing Information as a Way of Practical of Practical Teaching for Interns

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-182
Author(s):  
Tonkykh Natalia A. ◽  
◽  
Dubovaya Anna V. ◽  
Usenko Nadezhda A. ◽  
Kurkurina Elena A. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Logical Thinking ◽  
Poetic Form ◽  
Hard Time ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Brain

The article presents the experience of using original methods of memorizing information for teaching interns of all specialties. A number of pedagogical principles have been revised and updated to optimize learning. During training in the profession of a doctor, one of the most difficult elements of cognition is memorizing the doses of drugs, the ability to apply them in practice. During training in the profession of a doctor, one of the most difficult cognition elements is memorizing the doses of drugs, the ability to apply them in practice. The human brain has hard time memorizing numerical information until it is converted into visual images that the brain can understand. The authors have used the way of presenting difficult to memorize material in an interesting poetic form and the method of figurative nomination using the figurative-logical thinking of interns through the development of emotionally colored associative connections. 64 interns of various specialties who took part in the practical lesson “Acute and chronic heart failure in children” were randomly divided into two groups. In the main group (32 people, 50,0 %) the authors used the method of figurative nomination and mnemonic techniques, in the control group (32 people, 50,0 %) there was a standard methodological presentation of the material. The use of these methods in training interns improved the efficiency of memorizing information for a long time by 31,8 %. Keywords: methods of teaching, mnemonics, memory, figurative nomination technique, education

scholarly journals Sports Augmented Cognitive Benefits: An fMRI Study of Executive Function with Go/NoGo Task

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Qingguo Ding ◽  
Lina Huang ◽  
Jie Chen ◽  
Farzaneh Dehghani ◽  
Juan Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Cognitive Benefits ◽  
Brain Imaging Data ◽  
The Brain

Exercise is believed to have significant cognitive benefits. Although an array of experimental paradigms have been employed to test the cognitive effects on exercising individuals, the mechanism as to how exercise induces cognitive benefits in the brain remains unclear. This study explores the effect of dynamic neural network processing with the classic Go/NoGo task with regular exercisers. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to analyze the brain activation of areas involved in executive function, especially inhibitory control. Nineteen regular joggers and twenty-one subjects as a control group performed the task, and their brain imaging data were analyzed. The results showed that at the attentive visual period, the frontal and parietal areas, including the prefrontal cortex, putamen, thalamus, lingual, fusiform, and caudate, were significantly enhanced in positive activities than the control group. On the other hand, in the following inhibitory control processing period, almost the same areas of the brains of the exercise group have shown stronger negative activation in comparison to the control group. Such dynamic temporal response patterns indicate that sports augment cognitive benefits; i.e., regular jogging increases the brain’s visual attention and inhibitory control capacities.

scholarly journals Toxicokinetics of aluminum in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (9) ◽  
pp. 1007-1010
Author(s):  
Elza N. Usmanova ◽  
Anna S. Fazlyeva ◽  
Denis O. Karimov ◽  
Munira M. Ziatdinova ◽  
Rustem A. Daukaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Living Organism ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
The Body ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Aluminum Compounds ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
The Brain

Introduction. Aluminum is one of the most common elements in nature that is potentially toxic to humans. Aluminum compounds are widely used in the aviation and food industries, metallurgy, electrical engineering, and medicine. Aluminum is capable of accumulating in the human body, which creates a risk for the development of severe diseases. Material and methods. Acute intoxication of aluminum hydroxide was simulated on white outbred rats weighing 170-220 g, divided into 8 groups (intact and 7 experimental). By the atomic absorption method, the concentrations of aluminum, calcium, magnesium, and iron in the organs of laboratory animals (kidneys, liver, blood, and brain) were determined 1, 2, 4, 6, 24, 48, and 96 hours after intoxication. Results. The accumulation of aluminum was observed to a greater extent in the liver, kidneys, blood, to a lesser extent in the brain. Aluminum affects the homeostasis of essential elements, for example, in the experiment, a decrease in the content of calcium and magnesium in the organs of laboratory animals is observed. The seed level does not have a strong effect on the level of iron. At the end of the experiment, the concentration of aluminum in the liver, blood, and brain of rats remains higher than in the control group. Conclusion. Aluminum is capable of accumulating in vital organs and affecting the homeostasis of the essential elements of the body. The circulation of aluminum in the biological media of a living organism, like many processes, is undulating, and it can accumulate and diffuse for a long time in various organs of experimental animals.

scholarly journals Chronic physical exercise increases a neurogenesis marker within hippocampus

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Zulkarnain ◽  
Rostika Flora ◽  
Septi Andrianti
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Molecular System ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bdnf Level ◽  
Physical Exercises ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Background:Aerobic and anaerobic physical exercises conducted in both acute and chronic are really essential in keeping the body especially brain healthy. Physical exercise plays an important role in molecular system and is beneficial for the brain by enhancing neurogenesis which is mediated by the increase of BDNF level. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of physical exercise to the BDNF level of hippocampus tissues in Wistar rats.Methods: Thirty male rats were divided into five groups i.e. control group, acute aerobic physical exercise group, acute anaerobic physical exercise group, chronic aerobic physical exercise group, and chronic anaerobic physical exercise group. Physical exercises were conducted on animal treadmill. The level of hippocampus BDNF was determined using ELISA. The data were analyzed using independent t-test.Results: BDNF average levels of chronic aerobic and anaerobic physical exercises were higher than those of acute ones (152.86±1.62 pg/ml and 122.22±1.53 pg/ml vs 59.38±6.10 pg/ml and 54.05±3.35 pg/ml). There were significant differences in the BDNF average levels of hippocampus tissues between aerobic and anaerobic groups, in both acute and chronic exercise.Conclusion: The chronic physical exercises, both aerobic or anaerobic, are increasing higher the level of BDNF in brain tissue.

Chronic immobilization stress induces anxiety-related behaviors and affects brain essential minerals in male rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Zafer Sahin ◽  
Alpaslan Ozkurkculer ◽  
Omer Faruk Kalkan ◽  
Ahmet Ozkaya ◽  
Aynur Koc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immobilization Stress ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Center Area ◽  
Chronic Immobilization Stress

Abstract. Alterations of essential elements in the brain are associated with the pathophysiology of many neuropsychiatric disorders. It is known that chronic/overwhelming stress may cause some anxiety and/or depression. We aimed to investigate the effects of two different chronic immobilization stress protocols on anxiety-related behaviors and brain minerals. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups as follows ( n = 10/group): control, immobilization stress-1 (45 minutes daily for 7-day) and immobilization stress-2 (45 minutes twice a day for 7-day). Stress-related behaviors were evaluated by open field test and forced swimming test. In the immobilization stress-1 and immobilization stress-2 groups, percentage of time spent in the central area (6.38 ± 0.41% and 6.28 ± 1.03% respectively, p < 0.05) and rearing frequency (2.75 ± 0.41 and 3.85 ± 0.46, p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively) were lower, latency to center area (49.11 ± 5.87 s and 44.92 ± 8.04 s, p < 0.01 and p < 0.01, respectively), were higher than the control group (8.65 ± 0.49%, 5.37 ± 0.44 and 15.3 ± 3.32 s, respectively). In the immobilization stress-1 group, zinc (12.65 ± 0.1 ppm, p < 0.001), magnesium (170.4 ± 1.7 ppm, p < 0.005) and phosphate (2.76 ± 0.1 ppm, p < 0.05) levels were lower than the control group (13.87 ± 0.16 ppm, 179.31 ± 1.87 ppm and 3.11 ± 0.06 ppm, respectively). In the immobilization stress-2 group, magnesium (171.56 ± 1.87 ppm, p < 0.05), phosphate (2.44 ± 0.07 ppm, p < 0.001) levels were lower, and manganese (373.68 ± 5.76 ppb, p < 0.001) and copper (2.79 ± 0.15 ppm, p < 0.05) levels were higher than the control group (179.31 ± 1.87 ppm, 3.11 ± 0.06 ppm, 327.25 ± 8.35 ppb and 2.45 ± 0.05 ppm, respectively). Our results indicated that 7-day chronic immobilization stress increased anxiety-related behaviors in both stress groups. Zinc, magnesium, phosphate, copper and manganese levels were affected in the brain.

Feasibility of an Exercise Program for Older Depressive Inpatients

GeroPsych ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Heissel ◽  
Anou Vesterling ◽  
Stephanie A. White ◽  
Gunnar Kallies ◽  
Diana Behr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Neurocognitive Functioning ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Active Control Group ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Older Inpatients ◽  
Relaxation Exercises

Abstract. Twelve older inpatients (M age = 66.8) with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) participated in this controlled pilot trial either in a physical exercise group (PEG; n = 6; aerobic, strength, and coordination exercises) or an active control group (ACG; n = 6; relaxation exercises) twice a week for four weeks. While depressive symptoms decreased in both groups, reduction of symptoms was significantly larger in the PEG. However, the PEG had higher BDI scores compared to the ACG at pretest. Neurocognitive functioning and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentration did not change significantly. A four-week exercise program may be a feasible adjunct therapy in older MDD patients but the efficacy of the program needs to be proven with larger samples.

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