scholarly journals First Results from Insemination With Sex-Sorted Semen in Dairy Heifers in Macedonia

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-111
Author(s):  
Ljupche Kochoski ◽  
Zoran Filipov ◽  
Ilcho Joshevski ◽  
Stevche Ilievski ◽  
Filip Davkov
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasound ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
First Results ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Normal Gestation ◽  
First Time

Abstract Science has been searching for a long time for a reliable method for controlling the sex of mammalian offspring. Recently, the application of specific modern cellular methodologies has led to the development of a flow cytometric system capable of differentiating and separating living X- and Y-chromosome-bearing sperm cells in amounts suitable for AI and therefore, commercialization of this sexing technology. The aim of this work was to present the first results of heifers that introduce bovine AI with sex sorted semen, for the first time in Macedonia. Insemination with sex sorted cryopreserved semen (2×106 spermatozoa per dose) imported from the USA was done at two dairy farms in ZK Pelagonija. In total, 74 heifers (Holstein Friesian) were inseminated. Inseminations were carried out in a timely manner following a modified OvSynch protocol. During the insemination, the sperm was deposited into the uterine horn ipsi lateral to the ovary where a follicle larger than 1.6 cm was detected by means of transrectal ultrasound examination. Pregnancy was checked by ultrasound on day 30 after the insemination. Overall, the average pregnancy rate in both farms was 43,24% (40,54% and 45,95%, for farm 1 and farm 2, respectively). All pregnant heifers delivered their calves following a normal gestation length (274,3 days in average) and of the 32 born calves, 30 (93,75%) were female. In conclusion, since the first results from inseminations with sex-sorted semen in dairy heifers in Macedonia are very promising, the introduction of this technique may bring much benefit to the local dairy sector. Average pregnancy rate seems similar with results obtained following ‘regular’ inseminations, notwithstanding the relatively low number of spermatozoa per insemination dose. Due to the latter, we however recommend inseminations only to be carried out by experienced technicians followinga TAI protocol and ultrasound examinations of the ovaries prior to insemination.

scholarly journals 174EMBRYO TRANSFER OF VITRIFIED IVF EMBRYOS IN CATTLE: PREGNANCY COMPARISON AFTER SINGLE AND DOUBLE TRANSFER

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.L. Du ◽  
A. Dinnyes ◽  
L.Y. Sung ◽  
J. Xu ◽  
S. Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Inner Cell Mass ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Vitrification Solution

Advancement in vitrification of in vitro-produced bovine embryos will benifit the cattle breeding and production industry. The objective was to evaluate whether bilateral (double) embryo transfers (ET) can improve pregnancy rate compared to ipsilateral (single) transfers. Bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes collected from slaughterhouse ovaries were matured for 20–22h, and subsequently subjected to a standard Brackett and Oliphant in vitro fertilization (IVF). Six hours after IVF, embryos denuded of cumulus were cultured in defined CR1 medium supplemented with essential and non-essential amino acids (CR1aa), plus 6mgmL−1 BSA for 2 days at 39°C under 5% CO2, 5% O2 and 90% N2, and then cultured in CR1aa medium supplemented with 7.5% FBS for a further 5 days on bovine cumulus monolayers. Expanded blastocysts with tighter compaction of the inner cell mass (quality 1) were selected on Day 7 for cryopreservation via modified solid surface vitrification (Dinnyes et al., 2000 Biol. Reprod. 513–8). Vitrification solution contained HEPES-buffered TCM199 supplemented with 20% FBS, ethylene glycol and dimethylsulphoxide. A droplet of 1–2μL vitrification solution containing 4–5 blastocysts was dropped directly onto a cooled surface within 30s after 3-min incubation in equilibration solution. Prior to ET, embryos were warmed and subsequently washed several times in 0.25M sucrose rehydration solution and M199+7.5% FBS medium. The warmed embryos from initial trials were cultured for 2 to 72h to evaluate their viability after vitrification. During ET trails, vitrified embryos were loaded into transfer straws (one embryo per straw) after warming. The treatments were as following, (1) single transfers, one embryo was transferred into the horn ipslateral to CL; (2) double transfers, one embryo was transferred by non-surgical means into each uterine horn of a synchronous recipient on Day 7. ET trails were conducted in both the USA (double transfers) and China (single v. double transfers). Pregnancy was determined by palpation per rectum around Day 70 after transfer. The data were compared by Student’s t-test. The survival rate of vitrified IVF embryos reached as high as 91.4% (n=256) 2h post-warming, and hatching rate was 70.7% (n=154) 72h after culture in vitro, respectively. The data (Table 1) show that double transfers resulted in a significantly higher pregnancy rate than did single transfers (P<0.05). With double transfers, a higher pregnancy rate was achieved in the USA than in China (76.2% v. 45.6%, P=0.079). This study confirms that double embryo transfers can improve the pregnancy outcome after ET, perhaps because bilateral placement of embryos may increase embryonic signals to the maternal environment. Further evaluation of gestation length, single/twin conception and calving difficulty is under investigation. Table 1 Pregnancy rate (Day 70) of vitrified bovine IVF embryos following single and double transfer

Direct imaging of charge transfer

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 680-681
Author(s):  
Yimei Zhu ◽  
J. Tafto
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Scattering Amplitude ◽  
High Temperature Superconductors ◽  
Charge Carriers ◽  
Image Charge ◽  
Net Charge ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Electron Holes ◽  
First Time

The electron holes confined to the CuO2-plane are the charge carriers in high-temperature superconductors, and thus, the distribution of charge plays a key role in determining their superconducting properties. While it has been known for a long time that in principle, electron diffraction at low angles is very sensitive to charge transfer, we, for the first time, show that under a proper TEM imaging condition, it is possible to directly image charge in crystals with a large unit cell. We apply this new way of studying charge distribution to the technologically important Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2O8+δ superconductors.Charged particles interact with the electrostatic potential, and thus, for small scattering angles, the incident particle sees a nuclei that is screened by the electron cloud. Hence, the scattering amplitude mainly is determined by the net charge of the ion. Comparing with the high Z neutral Bi atom, we note that the scattering amplitude of the hole or an electron is larger at small scattering angles. This is in stark contrast to the displacements which contribute negligibly to the electron diffraction pattern at small angles because of the short g-vectors.

TAMM HORSFALL PROTEIN: THE MEN BEHIND THE EPONYM

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Paskalev ◽  
B. T. Galunska ◽  
D. Petkova-Valkova
Keyword(s):  
Viral Replication ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Thick Ascending Limb ◽  
Rockefeller Institute ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Natural Inhibitor ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
First Time ◽  
New Protein

Tamm–Horsfall Protein (uromodulin) is named after Igor Tamm and Franc Horsfall Jr who described it for the first time in 1952. It is a glycoprotein, secreted by the cells in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. This protein will perform a number of important pathophysiological functions, including protection against uroinfections, especially caused by E. Сoli, and protection against formation of calcium concernments in the kidney. Igor Tamm (1922-1995) is an outstanding cytologist, virologist and biochemist. He is one of the pioneers in the study of viral replication. He was born in Estonia and died in the USA. In 1964 he was elected for a professorship in Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, where has been working continuously. Since 1959, he became a head of the virology lab established by his mentor and co-author Franc Horsfall. In the course of studies on the natural inhibitor of viral replication, Tamm and Horsfall isolated and characterized biochemically a new protein named after their names. Franc Lappin Horsfall Jr (1906-1971) was a well-known clinician and virologist with remarkable achievements in internal medicine. He was born and died in the USA. He worked in the Rockefeller Hospital from 1934 to 1960, then in the Center for Cancer Research at the Sloan-Kettering Institute. Here he was a leader of a research team studying the molecular mechanisms of immunity, the effects of chemotherapy with benzimidazole compounds (together with I. Tamm), coxsackie viruses, herpes simplex virus, etc. 

Assessment of recreational use of specially protected natural territories of Tatishchevsky district of Saratov region

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-127
Author(s):  
Yulia M Andriyanova ◽  
Irina V Sergeeva ◽  
Yulia M Mokhonko ◽  
Natalia N Gusakova
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Saratov Region ◽  
Future State ◽  
Forest Phytocenoses ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Main Components ◽  
First Time ◽  
Recreational Use ◽  
Specially Protected Natural Territories

The influence of recreation being a set of measures to restore health and recreation, on the main components of forest phytocenoses in specially protected natural territories of the Tatishchevsky district of the Saratov region has been studied for the first time. These phytocenoses have been intensively used for tourism for a long time. The intensity and visits activity of protected areas has been determined; the recreational capacity of territorial objects has been studied. The degree of forest landscapes has been revealed in specially protected natural territories. The findings allow predicting the future state of the natural resources of the Saratov region and can be taken into account when assessing their optimal use.

Economics of respiratory disease in dairy replacement heifers

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-148
Author(s):  
Michael W. Overton
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Incident Case ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selective Culling

AbstractBovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a frequent disease concern in dairy cattle and is most commonly diagnosed in young dairy heifers. The impact of BRD is highly variable, depending on the accuracy and completeness of detection, effectiveness of treatment, and on-farm culling practices. Consequences include decreased rate of weight gain, a higher culling risk either as heifers or as cows, delayed age at first service, delayed age at first calving, and in some cases, lower future milk production. In this data set of 104,100 dairy replacement heifers from across the USA, 36.6% had one or more cases diagnosed within the first 120 days of age with the highest risk of new cases occurring prior to weaning. Comparison of the raising cost for heifers with BRD and those without a recorded history of BRD resulted in an estimated cost per incident case occurring in the first 120 days of age of $252 or $282, depending upon whether anticipated future milk production differences were considered or not. Current market conditions contributed to a cost estimate that is significantly higher than previously published estimates, driven in part by the losses associated with selective culling of a subset of heifers that experienced BRD.

scholarly journals AGN Spectra as Seen by the Infrared Space Observatory: First Results

1997 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 333-336
Author(s):  
D. Lutz ◽  
R. Genzel ◽  
E. Sturm ◽  
A.F.M. Moorwood ◽  
E. Oliva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Short Wavelength ◽  
Molecular Hydrogen ◽  
Molecular Gas ◽  
Space Observatory ◽  
Infrared Space Observatory ◽  
First Results ◽  
External Galaxies ◽  
First Time ◽  
Fine Structure Lines

AbstractWe discuss 2.5–45 µm spectra of the Circinus galaxy and of Cen A, obtained with the Short Wavelength Spectrometer (SWS) on board the Infrared Space Observatory. The large number of detected ionic fine structure lines, observable also in visually obscured sources, provides strong constraints on the shape of the ionizing spectrum, which is found to exhibit a UV bump peaking at ~ 70 eV in the case of Circinus. Pure rotational emission of molecular hydrogen, directly probing warm molecular gas, can for the first time be detected in external galaxies.

scholarly journals Clinical significance of late diastolic tissue doppler parameters after onset of STEMI: from the view point of the timing of the echocardipography

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Iwahashi ◽  
J Kirigaya ◽  
M Horii ◽  
T Abe ◽  
E Akiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Doppler ◽  
Atrial Function ◽  
Diastolic Velocity ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Group A ◽  
St Elevation ◽  
Group B ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background The early transmitral flow velocity (E) divided by the early diastolic velocity of the mitral valve annulus (e') is referred to as the “E/e' ratio,” is useful even for ST elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, the role of late diastolic velocity (a') which reveals the atrial function for STEMI is still unclear. Objectives We evaluated the clinical usefulness of tissue Doppler including atrial function for a first-time STEMI by long time follow up. Furthermore, we evaluated the meaning of each parameters by performing immediately after PCI or 2 weeks later. Methods We treated consecutive 571 first-time STEMI patients by immediate PCI within 12 hours after onset, and we examined 270 patients at immediately after PCI (GroupA, 65 years, 250 male) and 301 patients at 2 weeks after onset (GroupB, 64 years, 243 male). We examined trans mitral flow and TDI, then defined E/e' as LV filling pressure and A/a' as left atrial function. We followed them for a long time (>5 years). The primary end point (PE) was cardiac death or re-admission for heart failure (HF). Results We followed the patients in Group A for 10 years, Group B for 5 years. PE occurred in 64 patients in GroupA during 10 years, and 45 patients in GroupB during 5 years. We analyzed the univariate and multivariate Cox hazard analyses and we compared e' and a', E/e' and A/a' (Table). In GroupA, a' and A/a' were the independent predictors, on the other hand neither a' nor A/a' were the predictors in GroupB. E/e' was an independent predictor both in GroupA and B. Conclusion TDI parameters have different meanings by the timing of echocardiography after onset of a first-time STEMI. These results demonstrated that atrial dysfunction immediately after onset of STEMI suggests the poor prognosis after STEMI. Cox Hazard Proportional Analysis Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

scholarly journals 142 Reproductive performance of land race hair sheep ewes in different breeding seasons under a semi-continuous production

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 76-76
Author(s):  
Stephan Wildeus ◽  
Dahlia O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Production System ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasound ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Hair Sheep ◽  
Mating Period ◽  
Lamb Survival

Abstract A system for semi-continuous lamb production was evaluated using Barbados Blackbelly and St. Croix hair sheep ewes under 8-mo accelerated mating. Ewes were managed in a forage-based production system using rotational grazing. Two flocks of ewes (n = 30–35), equally representing the breeds, were bred 4 mo apart. Ewes were synchronized by feeding melengestrol acetate for 10 d, and mated in two single sire groups to like breed sires in November (NOV), March (MAR), and July (JUL) in a 25-d mating period. Pregnancy was recorded by transrectal ultrasound 22 d after breeding. Ewes were supplemented with corn/soybean meal during late gestation (0.75% of BW) and during lactation (1.5% of BW). They lambed on pasture with limited supervision, and lambs were weaned at 2 mo of age. Lambs had access to the supplement provided to ewes. Ewe performance (pregnancy rate, litter size, lamb survival, and birth and weaning weight) was recorded during a 2 yr production cycle, and analyzed for the effect of mating season. Pregnancy rate was not statistically different (P > 0.1) between season, and ranged from 93.9% in NOV, to 85.9 and 86.6% in MAR and JUL. Litter size (lambs born/ewe lambing) was higher (P < 0.05) in NOV (2.09) than MAR (1.68) and JUL (1.82). Lamb survival at birth was reduced (P < 0.001) in JUL (86.5%) compared to NOV (99%) and MAR (100 %), but was not different between seasons for survival to weaning (86 to 90%). Lamb birth weights were higher (P < 0.05) in MAR (3.16 kg) than JUL (2.99 kg), with NOV (3.05 kg) intermediate, while lamb weaning weights were higher (P < 0.001) in NOV (13.6 kg) compared with MAR (11.9 kg) and JUL (11.4 kg) mating. Data suggest that dual flock, accelerated mating of landrace hair sheep ewes can produce lamb cohorts of similar size in 4 mo intervals under a low-input, forage-based production system.

scholarly journals Intra-Day Variability Observations of Two Dozens of Blazars at 4.8 GHz

Universe ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Xiang Liu ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Ning Chang ◽  
Jun Liu ◽  
Lang Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Galactic Nuclei ◽  
Galactic Nuclei ◽  
Forthcoming Paper ◽  
Galactic Latitude ◽  
Local Interstellar Medium ◽  
Bl Lac Objects ◽  
Spectrum Radio ◽  
First Results ◽  
First Time ◽  
Source Structure

Two dozens of radio loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs) have been observed with Urumqi 25 m radio telescope in order to search for intra-day variability (IDV). The target sources are blazars (namely flat spectrum radio quasars and BL Lac objects) which are mostly selected from the observing list of RadioAstron AGN monitoring campaigns. The observations were carried out at 4.8 GHz in two sessions of 8–12 February 2014 and 7–9 March respectively. We report the data reduction and the first results of observations. The results show that the majority of the blazars exhibit IDV in 99.9% confidence level, some of them show quite strong IDV. We find the strong IDV of blazar 1357 + 769 for the first time. The IDV at centimeter-wavelength is believed to be predominately caused by the scintillation of blazar emission through the local interstellar medium in a few hundreds parsecs away from Sun. No significant correlation between the IDV strength and either redshift or Galactic latitude is found in our sample. The IDV timescale along with source structure and brightness temperature analysis will be presented in a forthcoming paper.

Currency Manipulations and Bilateral Trade Between China and the USA

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Moghaddam ◽  
Jie Duan
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Gravity Model ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Trade Deficit ◽  
The Us ◽  
Spot Exchange Rate ◽  
Main Culprit ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Strong Relation

The US trade deficit with China has existed for a long time, and its dollar value has been on the rise recently. It is widely believed that the main culprit is the manipulated value of Renminbi relative to the US dollar. Towards that end, this article re-examines the spot exchange rate and bilateral trade nexus using the Fourier approximation and a variant of the well-known gravity model during the sample period 1993: q1–2014: q1. Although China’s exports to the US Granger cause the exchange rate in a co-integrated space, the findings of a vector error correction model indicate that there is not a strong relation between the two. Indeed, within the aforementioned sample, only 15.52 per cent of changes in China’s exports to the USA are attributable to changes in the spot exchange rate. This is noticeably much smaller than impacts of the other variables utilized in the estimated gravity model. As such, the palpable trade imbalance between the USA and China cannot be single-handedly blamed on the spot exchange rate manipulations.

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