QUANTITY UNCERTAINTIES IN REINFORCEMENT WORKS-COMPARISON OF PUBLIC VERSUS PRIVATE CLIENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Kummer
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Relevant Parameter ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Descriptive Data ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Right ◽  
Public Versus Private ◽  
Expert Surveys ◽  
Construction Practice

Uncertainties are systematically considered and dealt with by applying probabilistic calculation methods, such as Monte Carlo simulations. When selecting appropriate distribution functions for input parameters, users are constantly faced with the issue of having to choose the "right" distribution function for the relevant parameter. Quantities of individual works play a crucial role for costing and pricing, but also for construction process and logistics planning purposes. Quantities stated by the client in its structural specifications are fraught with uncertainties owing to, for instance, incomplete plans at the time of specification, inaccurate calculations, or mere estimates. This is why actual quantities can either be greater or smaller than the specified quantities. This paper demonstrates how distribution functions can be derived from expert surveys delivering responses from actual construction practice. Specific reference is made to reinforcement works whilst distinguishing between public and private clients. The outcomes of the survey presented and discussed in this paper include descriptive data analyses as well as violin plots and fitted distribution functions.

The Right to Life

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Brysk
Keyword(s):  
The Philippines ◽  
Private Sphere ◽  
Right To Life ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Honor Killings ◽  
The Public ◽  
Gender Regimes ◽  
Sex Selective Abortion ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
The Right

Chapter 6 concerns denial of women’s right to life . The new frame of “femicide” has dramatically increased attention to gender-based killing in the public and private sphere, and encompasses a spectrum of threats and assaults that culminate in murder. The chapter follows the threats to women’s security through the life cycle, beginning with cases of “gendercide” (sex-selective abortion and infanticide) in India, then moving to honor killings in Turkey and Pakistan. We examine public femicide in Mexico and Central America—with comparison to the disappearance of indigenous women in Canada, as “second-class citizens” in a developed democracy. The chapter continues mapping the panorama of private sphere domestic violence in the semi-liberal gender regimes of China, Russia, Brazil, and the Philippines, along with a range of responses in law, public policy, advocacy, and protest.

scholarly journals CHIRAL QUARK MODEL (χQM) AND THE NUCLEON SPIN

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (29) ◽  
pp. 5027-5041 ◽  
Author(s):  
HARLEEN DAHIYA ◽  
MANMOHAN GUPTA
Keyword(s):  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Magnetic Moments ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Gluon Polarization ◽  
Spin Distribution ◽  
Polarization Functions ◽  
Singlet Component ◽  
Configuration Mixing ◽  
The Right ◽  
E866 Data

Using χ QM with configuration mixing, the contribution of the gluon polarization to the flavor singlet component of the total spin has been calculated phenomenologically through the relation [Formula: see text] as defined in the Adler–Bardeen scheme, where ΔΣ on the right-hand side is Q2 independent. For evaluation the contribution of gluon polarization [Formula: see text], ΔΣ is found in the χ QM by fixing the latest E866 data pertaining to [Formula: see text] asymmetry and the spin polarization functions whereas ΔΣ(Q2) is taken to be 0.30±0.06 and αs=0.287±0.020, both at Q2=5 GeV 2. The contribution of gluon polarization Δg' comes out to be 0.33 which leads to an almost perfect fit for spin distribution functions in the χ QM . When its implications for magnetic moments are investigated, we find perfect fit for many of the magnetic moments. If an attempt is made to explain the angular momentum sum rule for proton by using the above value of Δg', one finds the contribution of gluon angular momentum to be as important as that of the [Formula: see text] pairs.

scholarly journals Private Actors, Public Goods and Responsibility for the Right to Water in International Investment Law: An Analysis of Urbaser v. Argentina

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Edward Guntrip
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
International Law ◽  
International Investment ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
International Investment Law ◽  
Investment Law ◽  
The Right ◽  
Water Supply Services

International investment law balances public and private interests within the broader framework of international law. Consequently, when water supply services, which constitute a public good, are privatized and operated by foreign investors, questions arise regarding whether foreign investors could be held responsible for the right to water under international law. This article considers how the tribunal in Urbaser v. Argentina allocated responsibility for compliance with the right to water between the host State and the foreign investor when resolving a dispute over privatized water services. It highlights how the tribunal in Urbaser v. Argentina supports different understandings of public and private based on whether the human rights obligation is framed in terms of the duty to respect or protect. The article argues that the tribunal’s rationale overcomplicates the process of allocating responsibility for violations of the human right to water when water supply services have been privatized.

Finite Element Calculation and Pushing Construction Analysis on the Superstructure of Beijiang Auxiliary Channel Bridge

2012 ◽  
Vol 204-208 ◽  
pp. 2167-2171
Author(s):  
Yu Lan Wang ◽  
Guo Dong Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Element Calculation ◽  
Box Girders ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Shrinkage And Creep ◽  
Load Effects ◽  
Live Loads ◽  
The Right

Finite element analysis and calculation are held on the superstructure of the auxiliary channel bridge at the right branching of Beijiang Bridge for a short condition and the service phase. The theoretical launching force is calculated and amended in construction. The results show that when considering load effects such as the dead loads of box girders, the live loads of decks and the pre-stressed secondary forces, the eccentric stress state will appear on the webs, and the steel stress produced by shrinkage and creep of concrete can not be ignored. So the launching force must be amended during the construction process. These conclusions have a certain reference value on the bridge design and construction.

scholarly journals PHASED MULTI‐TARGET AREAL DEVELOPMENT COMPETITIONS: ALGORITHMS FOR COMPETITOR ALLOCATION

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pertti Lahdenperä
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Real Estate Development ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Competition Process ◽  
The Right ◽  
Private Actors

The prevailing practice in new areal real estate development is for public and private actors to perform their duties by turns. Yet, the planning process could benefit from simultaneous contributions from society and developers and their designers. That, again, requires that the municipality selects the private partner consortia prior to completion of the local detailed plan through a competition in order to find the most potential actors and the best ideas for implementation of an urban structure of high quality. Candidates will be attracted by offering them the right to implement a residential/business block as a developer. The several blocks involved in an areal development project, and the laboriousness of producing competitive solutions, require a well planned selection process. A novel multi‐target competition process was developed which is presented in this paper with special emphasis on the allocation algorithms that allow selecting the most qualified competitors for parallel follow-up competitions from among a large group of registered candidates. The approach was tested in an actual real estate development project in the municipal district of Vuores which was the original reason for launching the study. Santruka Pletojant nekilnojamaji turta naujose teritorijose, vieši ir privatūs asmenys dažniausiai savo pareigas vykdo paeiliui. Tačiau planavimo procesui būtu tik geriau, jei tuo pačiu metu prisidetu ir visuomene, ir vystytojai, ir projektuotojai. Tam velgi reikia, kad savivaldybe paskelbtu konkursa ir pasirinktu privačiu partneriu grupes prieš užbaigdama vietini detaluji plana didžiausia potenciala turintiems dalyviams aptikti ir geriausioms idejoms surinkti, kokybiškai miesto struktūrai išvystyti. Kai teritoriju pletros projektas apima kelis kvartalus, o kuriant konkurencingus sprendimus idedama daug darbo, reikia gerai suplanuoto atrankos proceso. Yra sukurtas novatoriškas daugiatikslis konkurso procesas, pristatomas šiame darbe, daugiau demesio skiriama paskirstymo algoritmams, kuriuos naudojant iš daugybes registruotu kandidatu galima atrinkti tinkamiausius tolesniems tuo pat metu vykdomiems konkursams. Toks būdas patikrintas realiame nekilnojamojo turto pletros projekte, kuris vyko Vuores savivaldybes teritorijoje, ir būtent del šios priežasties pradetas šis tyrimas.

scholarly journals Governing Knowledge: Intellectual Property Management for Development and the Public Interest

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 69-88
Author(s):  
Leonardo Burlamaqui
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private Interests ◽  
Intellectual Property Management ◽  
Analytical Perspective ◽  
The Right

The core point of this paper is the hypothesis that in the field of intellectual property rights and regulations, the last three decades witnessed a big change. The boundaries of private (or corporate) interests have been hyper-expanded while the public domain has significantly contracted. It tries to show that this is detrimental to innovation diffusion and productivity growth. The paper develops the argument theoretically, fleshes it out with some empirical evidence and provides a few policy recommendations on how to redesign the frontiers between public and private spaces in order to produce a more democratic and development-oriented institutional landscape. The proposed analytical perspective developed here, “Knowledge Governance”, aims to provide a framework within which, in the field of knowledge creation and diffusion, the dividing line between private interests and the public domain ought to be redrawn. The paper’s key goal is to provide reasoning for a set of rules, regulatory redesign and institutional coordination that would favor the commitment to distribute (disseminate) over the right to exclude.Keywords: knowledge management, intellectual property, patent, public, interest, public sector, private sector, socioeconomic developmen

scholarly journals Basic Swimming Style Crawl Engineering Skills Survey in Athletes Ages 10-12

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (02) ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
Puput Widodo ◽  
Fatma Zainul Yunida
Keyword(s):  
Skills Training ◽  
Average Standard Deviation ◽  
Descriptive Data ◽  
Frequency Table ◽  
Minimum Data ◽  
Research Plan ◽  
The Right ◽  
Basic Motion ◽  
Swimming Style ◽  
Swimming Technique

This study aims to: 1.To know the basic technique skills of crawl style swimming in the Kebumen swimming club association students. 2. Knowing the factors of difficulty experienced by students in learning the basic motion skills of crawl style swimming 3. Students are able to apply the basic movements of swimming with the right steps. This research was conducted on the students of the Kebumen swimming club association in Gossi Kebumen. The research plan is carried out in November 2021. The sample referred to in this study is 20 students in the 10-12 year age group who take part in basic swimming skills training. Descriptive data analysis was entered to get an overview of the data including the average, standard deviation, maximum data, minimum data, range, frequency table and graphs. Based on the results of the research that has been carried out, it can be concluded: 1. Freestyle swimming skills measured using a stopwatch on students aged 10-12 years at the swimming club association in Kebumen showed that 50% of students had very poor swimming skills, 25% students have poor swimming skills and 25% of students have sufficient skills. 2. The category of skills that dominates the most in students is very low ability. Contributing to further research is to conduct research on more intense exercises on crawl swimming style techniques need to be done by athletes and also strategies to improve the ability of athletes in crawl style swimming.Keywords: Swimming, Crawl Style, Basic Swimming Technique

scholarly journals Policing During COVID-19: Perspectives from MET Police, UK

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 128-131
Author(s):  
CASIS Vancouver
Keyword(s):  
Information Sharing ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Online Environment ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Building Trust ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Question And Answer ◽  
The Right

On November 26th, 2020, Deputy Assistant Commissioner Lucy D'Orsi presented Policing During COVID-19: Perspectives from MET Police, UK at the 2020 CASIS West Coast Security Conference. The presentation was followed by a panel question and answer period with other speakers. The key points of discussion focused on the challenges faced by MET Police in a saturated online environment, harvesting the right information, sharing it with the public and private sectors, and building trust.

scholarly journals THE MARKETABILITY DISCOUNT IN SPANISH VALUATION MULTIPLES: INVESTORS’ PERCEPTION IN LISTED COMPANIES VERSUS PRIVATE TRANSACTIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángel Rodríguez López ◽  
Gracia Rubio Martín
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Firm Size ◽  
Listed Companies ◽  
Previous Literature ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Valuation Methodology ◽  
Public Versus Private ◽  
Important Evidence

The aim of this paper is to assess the fair marketability discount (MD) in the Spanish market for valuation multiples comparing public versus private transactions. The study finds that to obtain MD it is necessary previously to control by a battery of factors that affects ratios’ prices such as industry, firm size, profitability, risk, year and also other characteristics about the buyer. The interactions of MD with each variable showed different investors’ perceptions about non marketability enterprises explaining MD. The valuation methodology applied in the research was a cross section of 824 public and private acquisitions in the Spanish market from the period 2006−2017. This work represents important evidence, in a more integrated vision than previous literature, for analysts and regulators stressing the necessity to apply MD in Spanish valuation processes based in listed multiples.

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