INNOVATION OF USING WASTE MATERIALS AS A REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT IN PCC

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed S. Faried ◽  
Mostafa A. Abo-Hashema ◽  
Abdulrahman E. Roushdy ◽  
Sameh A. Galal
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Hydrated Lime ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Portland Cement Concrete ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
The Cost

Portland cement (PC) is used in the production of Portland cement concrete (PCC) to construct many infrastructure components such as rigid pavements. This research aims at studying the effect of using common waste materials in Egypt as a replacement of PC in the production of PCC. Using waste materials in concrete production could be an effective measure in maintaining the environment, improving the properties of PCC, and reducing cost of production. Nowadays, pavement technologist and researchers had put their interests on nanotechnology. This paper outlines the innovation of using Nanotechnology-based waste materials as a replacement of PC to enhance the physical and mechanical properties of PCC. The experimental work, using waste materials such as ceramic waste (CW) and ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS), was conducted in five phases. In phase 1 and phase 2, different rations were used for CW and GGBFS by weight of cement, respectively. In phase 3, the best three ratios of CW were used with the best ratio of GGBFS. In phase 4, different ratios of CW and GGBFS were used with a standard ratio of Un-Hydrated lime (UHL). In phase-5, various mix of CW, GGBFS and UHL were suggested based on previous results. Modified PCC mixtures were produced, tested and compared to the conventional concrete mixture. Results showed that the cost of PCC production is reduced by 34% in average comparing to the control mix.

scholarly journals The Effect of Nanomaterials on the Properties of Limestone Dust Green Concrete

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 7619-7623
Author(s):  
S. M. Alsaedy ◽  
N. Aljalawi
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
High Strength Concrete ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Hydrated Lime ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Green Concrete ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Limestone Dust

Portland cement is considered the most involved product in environmental pollution. It is responsible for about 10% of global CO2 emissions [1]. Limestone dust is a by-product of limestone plants and it is produced in thousands of tons annually as waste material. To fulfill sustainability requirements, concrete production is recommended to reduce Portland cement usage with the use of alternative or waste materials. The production of sustainable high strength concrete by using nanomaterials is one of the aims of this study. Limestone dust in 12, 16, and 20% by weight of cement replaced cement in this study. The study was divided into two parts: the first was devoted to the investigation of the best percentage of replacement of waste lime. The second part of the study evaluated the performance of concrete when adding nanomaterials. Three percentages of cement replacement 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% with nano-Al2O3 were used. The most efficient content of hydrated lime used in this study which achieves sustainability and maintains the quality of concrete was (16%). On the other hand, it was found that the best percentage of nano-Al2O3 as a partial replacement of cement is 1.5%.

Effects of Consumption of Cement in Mechanical Properties of Lightweight Concrete Containing Brazilian Expanded Clay

2013 ◽  
Vol 368-370 ◽  
pp. 925-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andressa Fernanda Angelin ◽  
Lubienska Cristina L.J. Ribeiro ◽  
Marta Siviero Guilherme Pires ◽  
Ana Elisabete P.G.A. Jacintho ◽  
Rosa Cristina Cecche Lintz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Lightweight Aggregates ◽  
Portland Cement Concrete ◽  
Cement Concrete ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
New Techniques

Concrete is one of the oldest building materials known to humankind. From 1824, with the advent of Portland cement, concrete assumed a prominent place among the construction materials, due to large amounts of strength, durability and versatility it offered compared to other products, allowing the molding of various forms architectural. Until the early 80s, the concrete remained only as a mixture of cement, aggregates and water, however, in recent decades, due to the development of new techniques and products, the concrete has been undergoing constant changes. The concrete with lightweight aggregates have been used since the beginning of the last century, with low values of density (< 2000 kg/m3), demonstrating the great potential of using this material in several areas of construction [. With the objective of analyzing the influence of the consumption of cement in conventional concrete and light, were molded, tested and compared body-of-evidence containing two different amounts of cement consumption: a) 350 kg/m3 and b) 450 kg / m3. The results were compared with those obtained by other researchers, as well as with [ and [.

THERMAL RESISTANCE OF ALKALI ACTIVATED SLAG CONCRETE

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiacher Behfarnia ◽  
Mohammad Shahbaz
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Portland Cement Concrete ◽  
Alkali Activated Slag ◽  
Binding Effect ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Activated Slag ◽  
Alkali Activated

This study investigated the thermal resistance of Alkali Activated Slag (AAS) concrete. Alkali Activated Slag cement is an environmentally friendly alternative to Portland cement, which can be produced by using an alkaline solution to activate the binding effect of the blast furnace slag. Heat from fire changes the physical and mechanical properties of concrete. Given the decisive role of thermal resistance in the operation and performance of structures, it is necessary to evaluate the effect of heat on the performance of AAS concrete. In this study, a series of tests were arranged to examine the effect of slag percentage on thermal resistance of AAS concrete. AAS concrete samples from mixes, with different slag percentage, were subjected to 20, 200, 400, 600, and 800˚C temperature and change in their compressive strength were measured and compared with that of samples made by ordinary Portland cement concrete. The results show that the thermal resistance of AAS concrete is higher than ordinary concrete.

scholarly journals Deflection Behaviour of RC Beams using Reshaped Waste Tyre Rubber as Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 4392-4395
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Portland Cement Concrete ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
The World ◽  
Waste Tyre

The increasing demand of natural resources for the concrete production has impacted the surroundings and the concern to protect these natural resources is increasing. Lately, handling and management of scrap is the primary issue faced by the countries worldwide. The waste problem is the most important problems facing the world as a source of the environmental pollution. One of the censorious wastes to be control in today is ‘waste tyre’ because; recent development in transportation has create big number of vehicles, which produce huge quantities of used tyres. Disposing such waste tyres is a critical waste management concern around the world at the moment. Various research work had been conducted in the past which had results that showed reduction in the mechanical energy of the concrete. The motive of this study is to use the reshaped waste tyre rubber as partial alteration of coarse aggregate in the concrete and to examine the outcome of providing an mooring hole of10mm in dia on the surface of the rubber gravel which makes the cement plaster to form a cylindrical mooring between the gravel and the concrete as well work as are bar to the rubber gravel thereby, increase withstanding power to failure under load which simultaneously increase the strength. The partial replacements of coarse aggregates are done at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by quantity of coarse gravel. The resulting concrete beams are tested for the physical characteristics of concrete. The Comparison of flexural response of beams are made with ordinary Portland cement concrete (OPCC)and Reshaped Waste Tyre Rubber Aggregate Concrete (RWTRAC)for various compositions of Reshaped Waste Tyre Rubber Aggregate replacement to coarse aggregate. Consequently the tests on RWTRAC beams of 10 % rubber aggregate replacement are conducted and results indicated that all the beams are failed in pure bending region and gives deflection nearly same as the conventional beam with the influence of the ultimate moment. Based on the observations during testing, the beams failed in pure flexural compression failure mode. Ductility factor of RWTRAC beam also showed enhanced performance when compared with the performance of conventional concrete. After testing it is inferred that till 10% of RWTRA replacement, the compressive and flexural strength of concrete is nearly same as the conventional concrete, but from 10 to 20% the strengths are abruptly fallen.

scholarly journals Alkali-Activated Mortars with Recycled Fines and Hemp as a Sand

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4580
Author(s):  
Edyta Pawluczuk ◽  
Katarzyna Kalinowska-Wichrowska ◽  
Mahfooz Soomro
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Hydrated Lime ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Natural Sand ◽  
Alkali Activated

Nowadays, effective and eco-friendly ways of using waste materials that could replace natural resources (for example, sand) in the production of concrete composites are highly sought. The article presents the results of research on geopolymer composites produced from two types of waste materials—hemp and fine fractions recovered from recycled cement concrete, which were both used as a replacement for standard sand. A total of two research experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, geopolymer mortars were made using the standard sand, which was substituted with recycled fines, from 0% to 30% by weight. In the second study, geopolymers containing organic filler were designed, where the variables were (i) the amount of hemp and the percent of sand by volume (0%, 2.5%, and 5%) and(ii) the amount of hydrated lime and the percent of fly ash (by weight) (0%, 2%, and 4%) that were prepared. In both cases, the basic properties of the prepared composites were determined, including their flexural strength, compressive strength, volume density in a dry and saturated state, and water absorption by weight. Observations of the microstructure of the geopolymers using an electron and optical microscope were also conducted. The test results show that both materials (hemp and recycled fines) and the appropriate selection of the proportions of mortar components and can produce composites with better physical and mechanical properties compared to mortars made of only natural sand. The detailed results show that recycled fines (RF) can be a valuable substitute for natural sand. The presence of 30% recycled fines (by weight) as a replacement for natural sand in the alkali-activated mortar increased its compressive strength by 26% and its flexural strength by 9% compared to control composites (compared to composites made entirely of sand without its alternatives). The good dispersion of both materials in the geopolymer matrix probably contributed to filling of the pores and reducing the water absorption of the composites. The use of hemp as a sand substitute generally caused a decrease in the strength properties of geopolymer mortar, but satisfactory results were achieved with the substitution of 2.5% hemp (by volume) as a replacement for standard sand (40 MPa for compressive strength, and 6.3MPa for flexural strength). Both of these waste materials could be used as a substitute for natural sand and are examples of an eco-friendly and sustainable substitution to save natural, non-renewable resources.

scholarly journals Behavior of Geopolymer Concrete Confined by Circular Hoops

2018 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 01018
Author(s):  
Muslikh ◽  
N. K. Anggraini ◽  
D. Hardjito ◽  
Antonius
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Concrete Cover ◽  
Geopolymer Concrete ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Portland Cement Concrete ◽  
Reinforcing Bars ◽  
Cement Concrete ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
K Value ◽  
Steel Bar

This paper discusses the behavior of geopolymer concrete subjected to passive confinement under compression loads. The confinement is induced by the use of lateral hoops, assembled from un-deformed reinforcing bars. To compare the effect of confinement, identical specimens were produced using conventional concrete with the similar concrete compressive strength. The cylinder specimens were 100 mm in diameter and 200 mm in height, and the hoops were placed on the outer most fibers of the cylinders, perpendicular to the line of loading, with no concrete cover. The parameters analyzed in this study were the steel bar to concrete volumetric ratio, the hoop spacings and the steel yield stresses. The experimental results show that unconfined geopolymer concrete were very brittle compared to the unconfined Portland cement concrete. The strength enhancement (K value) of the confined geopolymer concrete was higher than K value of Portland cement concrete. Confined geopolymer concrete also has better deformability compared to the confined Portland cement concrete. The average confinement effectiveness of geopolymer concrete also has a higher value than that commonly used in the Indonesian Concrete Standard (SNI), that is 4.1. The results were further assessed to the most recent experimental test results conducted in this area.

scholarly journals Effect of Iron Slag and Robodust on the Mechanical Properties of Concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 626-629
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Iron Slag ◽  
Concrete Production

Concrete is the composite material which is contains cement, coarse and fine aggregate. The real fact is that the concrete production was observed to be 10 billion tons per year, which is double the utilization of other building materials such as timber, steel, etc. Due to the efficient properties of concrete, it is broadly used in the construction of the buildings. To increase the mechanical properties of concrete and to make it more efficient, researcher have been conducting many experiments using various other materials as the substitute of cement, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate. Manufacturing of cement produces more carbon dioxide and thus in turn creates air pollution. In order to decrease carbon dioxide production, minimize the waste materials and to make the concrete eco-friendly and economical, robodust and iron slag has been adopted in this study. In this research, 30% robodust has been replaced with fine aggregate and 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% iron slag has been replaced with cement. The combination of robodust and iron slag replacement with fine aggregate and cement respectively has shown good increase in mechanical properties of concrete in contrast to conventional concrete.

Experimental investigations on compressive, impact and prediction of stress-strain of fly ash-geopolymer and portland cement concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 583-590
Author(s):  
Nagajothi S ◽  
Elavenil S
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Ordinary Portland Cement ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Geopolymer Concrete ◽  
Portland Cement Concrete ◽  
Cement Concrete ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Strain Behaviour

AbstractThe recent technology of geopolymer concrete is a substitute material for ordinary portland cement concrete which is produced from the polycondensation reaction of aluminosilicate materials with alkaline activator solutions. The cost of river sand is high since the demand for the same is also high. Manufactured sand is used as a replacement material for river sand in geopolymer concrete. This paper mainly focuses to find the properties of fly ash (FA) – based geopolymer concrete under ambient cured temperature like compressive strength, stress strain behaviour, modulus of elasticity, Poission’s ratio and impact resistance. The result of geopolymer concrete is compared with ordinary portland cement concrete. The elasticity modulus and Poission’s ratio of geopolymer concrete are lower than conventional concrete. The Stress-strain behaviour of geopolymer concrete is similar to conventional concrete. The impact resistance of geopolymer concrete is very good when compared with conventional concrete.

scholarly journals EFFECT/BEHAVIOUR OF BLACK CURRANT LEAF ASH ON THE STRENGHT OF CONCRETE WITH RESPECT TO A CONTROL MIXES STRENGHT.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mala Babagana Gutti ◽  
Ani Abdulfatah Musa
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Ordinary Portland Cement ◽  
Blended Cement ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Cement Concrete ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
Durability Test ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Strength And Durability

The use of waste materials with pozzolanic products in concrete production is becoming a worldwide practice. The assessment of the pozzolanic activity of cement replacement materials is becoming increasingly important because of the need for more sustainable cementing products. In this report, black currant leaf ash is used as partial replacement of 5% of the concrete material. The Strength and durability test were carried out in order to assess the feasibility of using black currant leaf ash as partial replacement of cement in concrete. A total of 18 concrete cubes of 150mm x 150mm x 150mm in size were produced with ordinary Portland cement, 9 concrete cubes as control mix and 9 concrete cubes of black currant blended cement concrete, the samples were tested, weighed, and crushed to obtain their compressive strength after curing in water at age 7, 14 and 21 days. The after the study was completed it was found that the strength of the concrete increase as the samples with replacement were almost the same in strength as the control, Therefore, ordinary Portland cement-black currant blended cement concrete could be used in civil engineering and building works, especially where early strength is not a major requirement, thereby reducing the cost of production.

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