Studying Concepts of the Breakthrough Economic Reforms in Selected Developed and Developing Countries and Regions of the World: Economic and Legal Aspects

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Еvgenia Еvgenevna FROLOVA ◽  
Sergey Sergeevich ZANKOVSKY ◽  
Mihail Nikolaevich DUDIN ◽  
Sergey Borisovich ZINKOVSKY ◽  
Aleksey Nickolaevich KIRSANOV
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Financial Market ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
National Production ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Japan And China

The purpose of the present article is to analyze the experience of advanced development of two Asian countries (Japan and China) based on the use of economic breakthrough concepts. The object of study in this article concerns developed and developing countries, as well as transition countries, while research subject involves concepts and models of breakthrough economic reforms in Japan and China. Through the use of several analytical methods (comparative legal and institutional analysis, economic and statistical analysis, and content analysis) we have come up to the following conclusions: economic breakthrough of contemporary developed countries is obviously linked with the technologization as well as modernization of the national production, and economic diversification; developed countries (European Union, North America, and Asia) have established special institutional frameworks (national innovation systems), which allowed creating a competitive product demanded on both the internal and external market, and increasing labor productivity through improving the quality of the workforce (social investment);there are definitely certain similarities in the economic progress of China and Japan (essential involvement of the state in economic processes), however, at the same time these countries are differed by their institutional platforms (in particular, China is open to investment, while Japan focuses on the domestic financial market and the labor market).Results: considering the applicability of economic breakthrough models of Japan and China in relation to Russia, we should note that such models cannot be simply copied to the Russian market without changes (for example, due to the underdeveloped national financial market and insufficient investment attractiveness). Therefore, we suggest in future studies to develop a number of system solutions, which can be used to diversify the Russian raw materials export-based economic model.

IS THE LIFE BOAT ETHIC APPROPRIATE?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-81
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Moral Legacy

Recent statements argue that we in the developed countries are in effect in a lifeboat, well supplied with resources, while many other countries are in other lifeboats without resources such as food. They argue that we should withhold these resources or risk future destruction from depletion of our own resources. As grim as this policy seems, it has many advocates today. What should the passengers on the rich lifeboat do? In answer Callahan argues that we cannot turn away from the needs of the developing countries no matter how seductive that course may seem now. For one thing, we are dependent on raw materials from them. But, more important, he points out that to bequeath a civilization of morality to our children is an even greater need, and we cannot do that by selfish isolation. "If we are to worry about our duty to posterity, it would not hurt to ask what kind of moral legacy we should bequeath. One in which we won our own survival at the cost of outright cruelty and callousness would be tawdry and vile."

scholarly journals Innovative Socially Oriented Type of Economic Development as State Policy in Agriculture

2020 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 01050
Author(s):  
Svetlana M. Kurbatova ◽  
Larisa Yu. Aisner
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Open Economy ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
World Economic

The level of developed countries in the conditions of global competition and open economy in terms of well-being and efficiency cannot be reached, unless the advanced development of the sectors of the economy that determine its specialization in the world economic system is ensured. This will make it possible to actualize national competitive advantages to their maximum. For example, it applies to the agricultural sector, where the transition from export-raw materials to an innovative model of economic growth is linked to the formation of a new mechanism for social development, which is based on the balance of a number of factors, namely, social justice, entrepreneurial freedom, and national competitiveness. The article deals with the problems of the model of economic growth of states, priorities of agricultural development, and directions of its transformation.

Transfer of Technology: A New Challenge

1979 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-82
Author(s):  
Andre van Dam
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Transfer Of Technology ◽  
Recent Trends

This note discusses recent trends in collaboration among developing countries and points that in the 1980s a similar phenomenon might take place among developed countries because of relative scarcities of raw materials, including petroleum and natural gas.

scholarly journals Electronic Waste, an Environmental Problem Exported to Developing Countries: The GOOD, the BAD and the UGLY

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5302
Author(s):  
Samuel Abalansa ◽  
Badr El Mahrad ◽  
John Icely ◽  
Alice Newton
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Laws And Policies ◽  
The Impact

Electronic waste (e-waste) is a rapidly developing environmental problem particularly for the most developed countries. There are technological solutions for processing it, but these are costly, and the cheaper option for most developed countries has been to export most of the waste to less developed countries. There are various laws and policies for regulating the processing of e-waste at different governance scales such as the international Basel Convention, the regional Bamoko Convention, and various national laws. However, many of the regulations are not fully implemented and there is substantial financial pressure to maintain the jobs created for processing e-waste. Mexico, Brazil, Ghana Nigeria, India, and China have been selected for a more detailed study of the transboundary movements of e-waste. This includes a systematic review of existing literature, the application of the Driver, Pressure, State, Impact, Response (DPSIR) framework for analysing complex problems associated with social ecological systems, and the application of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) for evaluating the environmental impact of electronic devices from their manufacture through to their final disposal. Japan, Italy, Switzerland, and Norway have been selected for the LCA to show how e-waste is diverted to developing countries, as there is not sufficient data available for the assessment from the selected developing countries. GOOD, BAD and UGLY outcomes have been identified from this study: the GOOD is the creation of jobs and the use of e-waste as a source of raw materials; the BAD is the exacerbation of the already poor environmental conditions in developing countries; the UGLY is the negative impact on the health of workers processing e-waste due to a wide range of toxic components in this waste. There are a number of management options that are available to reduce the impact of the BAD and the UGLY, such as adopting the concept of a circular economy, urban mining, reducing loopholes and improving existing policies and regulations, as well as reducing the disparity in income between the top and bottom of the management hierarchy for e-waste disposal. The overarching message is a request for developed countries to help developing countries in the fight against e-waste, rather than exporting their environmental problems to these poorer regions.

scholarly journals Recent Trends in Global FDI Flows: Implications for the 21st Century

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiaku Chukwuogor Ndu
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
World Government ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Japan And China

This paper examines recent global trends of foreign direct investment (FDI) flows and the benefits derivable by the recipient countries. Some of The developed countries of the West, Japan and China are the greatest recipients of FDI flows. There has been dramatic increase in FDI flows to developing countries in Asia, Latin America and the transition countries in Europe. In general developing countries are still unable to attract significant FDI. Africa’s share of the FDI flows though slightly on the increase has been abysmally low. The identifiable reasons for this trend were highlighted. To achieve a more balance flow of FDI in the 21st century, a concerted effort should be made by international organizations, leading world government, multinational enterprises and governments of developing economies, through dialogue and negotiations to encourage multinational enterprises to diversify their investments across developing economies otherwise marginalized by globalization and liberalization.  

FDI inflow and financial channels: international evidence before and after crises

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Selma Izadi ◽  
Mamunur Rashid ◽  
Parviz Izadi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Financial Market ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Sharpe Ratio ◽  
Financial Openness ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Market Capitalization ◽  
Before And After

Purpose Extending on the resource-seeking foreign direct investment (FDI) hypothesis, this paper aims to uncover the potential relationship between financial and non-financial channels and inward FDI before and after the global financial crisis. Design/methodology/approach The sample includes 561 year-country observations on 33 developed and developing countries during 2001 and 2017. This study investigates several determinants such as inflation, gross domestic product growth, exchange rate, trade openness, financial openness, Sharpe ratio and country market capitalization, using ordinary least squares, fixed effects and system generalized method of moments. Findings The results indicate a negative relationship between inflation and financial openness with FDI inflow while market capitalization and exchange rate were positively connected to FDI inflow. All three financial channels of FDI inflow: financial market size, financial openness and Sharpe ratio significantly influenced FDI inflow. Moreover, inflation, financial openness and Sharpe ratio imply a meaningful impact on the FDI inflow of developed and developing countries, with a relatively stronger influence during the post-crisis periods. Asymmetric impact tests also revealed similar results. Research limitations/implications These findings offer an impression that financial market development channels may significantly boost FDIs in developing and, as well as developed countries. With special reference to the developing countries, a disciplined financial market and financial openness may help attract more FDIs. Originality/value Impact of the financial crisis on FDI inflows while observing the impact of the financing channels in developing and developed countries is rare in the academic domain. This study forwards that a structured and open financial market may help in recovering from the financial crisis.

The Status of Foreign Trades Under Globalization in Developing and Developed Countries With Turkey

2018 ◽  
pp. 167-201
Author(s):  
Nurullah Güleç ◽  
Cihat Öztürk ◽  
Deniz Efendioğlu
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Equipment Investment ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Investment Goods ◽  
The Relationship

In Turkey, the volume of foreign trade, which was very small in the first years of the republic, raised due to the increasing population and the reviving economy. Imports and exports for Turkey, the proportion of equipment, investment goods, and raw materials that would have been used for industrialization has increased. Another type of trade that is desired to be implemented in Turkey in recent years is free trade. The implementations for free trade also bring the question together with themselves. Does globalization always affect developing countries in a positive correlation with their economies? The data taken from KOF Index of Globalization from ETH Zurich are going to be used to see the relationship with the data coming from imports and exports. Then for all developing countries a classification study is done and the relation of developing countries and Turkey is examined. The purpose of the chapter is to examine the number of imports and exports due to globalization indexes to understand the real impact and the direction of globalization from the perspective of Turkey.

Impact of world economic and demographic growth on forest-products consumption and wood requirements

1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 392-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Buongiorno ◽  
Gerold L. Grosenick
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Demographic Growth

A model fitted to cross-sectional observations is proposed which links the growth of consumption of structural wood materials and paper and paperboard to the economic and demographic growth of developed and developing economies. It was found that the response of consumption per capita to a specific growth of income per capita decreases systematically as the level of consumption attained increases. The consumption functions, for both groups of products, differed significantly for high-income and low-income countries. A set of input-output relationships was also established to estimate the amounts of wood pulp and industrial roundwood required to produce specific amounts of structural and paper materials. Those relationships have significantly shifted during the period 1961–1971, indicating an improvement in the efficiency of raw-material usage by the wood-products industries. The full model was applied to calculate the levels of consumption and of raw-material requirements consistent with Timbergen's indicative world plan (Timbergen, J. 1976. Development and environment aims: an intuitive view. In World modeling: a dialogue. Editedby C. W. Churchman and R. O. Mason. North Holland, Amsterdam, pp. 55–61). Given Timbergen's targets for world economic and demographic growth, a considerable improvement would occur in the balance of consumption between developed and developing countries but consumption per capita of industrial roundwood equivalent would still be three times higher in developed countries by the year 2010. The main growth of industrial roundwood consumption would occur in the paper and paperboard industry which would consume 65% of the world output by the end of the period. Developing countries would by that time become the main market for paper and paperboard products.

Impact of global economic shifts on the transformation of the global financial market

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-145
Author(s):  
N. A. Budarina
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Financial Market ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Structural Transformations ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Market Segments ◽  
Economic Dynamics ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
The Impact

The article discusses the impact of global economic changes on the transformation of the global financial market. The example of developed countries in general and eurozone countries, in particular, shows the causes and consequences of the global financial and economic crisis. The study of structural transformations of the global financial market has shown that the impact of crisis phenomena both on the development of different market segments and on the economic dynamics in different countries is different. The current crisis, unlike all previous ones, began in the group of developed countries, and only then rapidly expanded to other countries. Thus, for developing countries, the effects of the crisis were in most cases indirect and with varying levels of influence.

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