scholarly journals Mining Leftovers: Making Futures on the Margins of Capitalism

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Jaramillo
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mining Company ◽  
The Future ◽  
Colombian Government ◽  
Gold Miners ◽  
The Town ◽  
By Products

The Colombian government and large-scale mining companies accuse small-scale gold miners of lacking a sense of the future, thereby harming the future of Colombia. In this article, I argue that marginalized people who extract gold with small-scale techniques create an alternative sense of future by engaging with the leftovers of their gold mining practices. This article is based on ethnographic fieldwork with people who struggle to make a living in the wake of large-scale mining interventions in the town of Marmato. Small-scale mining constantly creates simple by-products—gases, rubble, and mud—that look like waste. Small-scale miners engage with such substances as a way to make sense of their lives and the future. Making the relationships between humans and geological substances, waste and technology visible elucidates alternative forms of life that “get in the way” of a multinational mining company, the national government, local mafias, and financial markets hungry for gold in times of crisis. By analyzing people’s engagement with leftovers, I offer an understanding of resilience and survival in the margins of capitalist cycles of violence. Resumen El gobierno de Colombia y las compañías mineras a gran escala ven la minería a pequeña escala como una práctica sin futuro y dañina para el país. En este artículo argumento que las personas marginalizadas que extraen oro a pequeña escala crean sentidos de futuro alternativos al entrar en relación con las sobras de sus propias prácticas mineras. El artículo está basado en trabajo de campo etnográfico en el pueblo de Marmato, con personas que luchan por sobrevivir ante la inminencia de la ejecución de un proyecto de minería a gran escala en la montaña donde se localiza el pueblo. La minería a pequeña escala crea subproductos de manera permanente—colas, sobrantes y restos—que parecen basura. No obstante, los mineros a pequeña escala se involucran con estas sustancias como una forma de hacer sentido sobre sus propias vidas y futuros. Hacer visible la relación entre humanos y sustancias geológicas, desechos y tecnología hace posible apreciar formas alternativas de vida que “se ponen en el camino” de una multinacional minera, el gobierno nacional, mafias locales y los mercados financieros que buscan oro en tiempos de crisis. Al analizar la relación de las personas con gases, escombros, rocas, y barro, aporto una posibilidad de entender la resiliencia y subsistencia en los márgenes del capitalismo y sus ciclos de violencia.

scholarly journals Using Participatory Spatial Tools to Unravel Community Perceptions of Land-Use Dynamics in a Mine-Expanding Landscape in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane J. Aggrey ◽  
Mirjam A. F. Ros-Tonen ◽  
Kwabena O. Asubonteng
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
Mosaic Landscape ◽  
Rural Landscapes ◽  
The Future

AbstractArtisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) in sub-Saharan Africa creates considerable dynamics in rural landscapes. Many studies addressed the adverse effects of mining, but few studies use participatory spatial tools to assess the effects on land use. Hence, this paper takes an actor perspective to analyze how communities in a mixed farming-mining area in Ghana’s Eastern Region perceive the spatial dynamics of ASM and its effects on land for farming and food production from past (1986) to present (2018) and toward the future (2035). Participatory maps show how participants visualize the transformation of food-crop areas into small- and large-scale mining, tree crops, and settlement in all the communities between 1986 and 2018 and foresee these trends to continue in the future (2035). Participants also observe how a mosaic landscape shifts toward a segregated landscape, with simultaneous fragmentation of their farming land due to ASM. Further segregation is expected in the future, with attribution to the expansion of settlements being an unexpected outcome. Although participants expect adverse effects on the future availability of food-crop land, no firm conclusions can be drawn about the anticipated effect on food availability. The paper argues that, if responsibly applied and used to reveal community perspectives and concerns about landscape dynamics, participatory mapping can help raise awareness of the need for collective action and contribute to more inclusive landscape governance. These findings contribute to debates on the operationalization of integrated and inclusive landscape approaches and governance, particularly in areas with pervasive impacts of ASM.

scholarly journals Maintaining Mutual Benefits between Investor and Local Community: Mechanisms to Reopen Lega Dambi Gold Mining, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-81
Author(s):  
Abdisa Olkeba Jima
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Mining Company ◽  
Social License ◽  
Corporate Social

Mining, specifically, large-scale gold mining has become one of the primary economic activities that play a pivotal role in the socio-economic development of one country. But there is no consensus among scholars whether gold mining companies maintain mutual benefits with local communities. The main objective of this research is to scrutinize the mechanism to be employed in reopening Lega Dambi large-scale gold mining by maintaining mutual benefits between the company and the local community. The researcher employed a qualitative method and a case study research design. Focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data from the local community, elders, religious leaders, Abbaa Gadaas, Guji Zone, and Odo Shakiso Woreda investment office, land management office, social and labor affair, mineral, and energy office administrators, and Odo Shakiso Woreda health station and Adola hospital. Secondary sources and regulatory frameworks such as FDRE Constitution and Mining Operations Proclamation No. 678/2010 were used to triangulate with primary data. The finding shows that Lega Dambi's large-scale gold mining company failed to maintain mutual benefits between itself and the local community. Basic tenets such as national and regional corporate social responsibility, community development agreement, impact and benefit agreements, social and labor plan, and social license were not implemented properly to balance the mutual benefit between the company and the local community. The researcher concluded that Lega Dambi large-scale gold mining company disregarded the role of the local community during commencement time albeit it had a strong relationship with the central government. Consequently, the company was terminated because of a bad relationship it had with the local community. It is recommended that national and regional corporate social responsibility that shows the company’s specific joint administration of the central and Oromia region governments should be designed and implemented fully. It is also recommended that discussions should be held with local communities and arrived at a consensus concerning the reopening of the company.

scholarly journals Fast high-energy X-ray imaging for Severe Accidents experiments on the future PLINIUS-2 platform

2018 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 08003
Author(s):  
L. Berge ◽  
N. Estre ◽  
D. Tisseur ◽  
E. Payan ◽  
D. Eck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Spot Size ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Noise Sources ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
The Future ◽  
Set Up

The future PLINIUS-2 platform of CEA Cadarache will be dedicated to the study of corium interactions in severe nuclear accidents, and will host innovative large-scale experiments. The Nuclear Measurement Laboratory of CEA Cadarache is in charge of real-time high-energy X-ray imaging set-ups, for the study of the corium-water and corium-sodium interaction, and of the corium stratification process. Imaging such large and high-density objects requires a 15 MeV linear electron accelerator coupled to a tungsten target creating a high-energy Bremsstrahlung X-ray flux, with corresponding dose rate about 100 Gy/min at 1 m. The signal is detected by phosphor screens coupled to high-framerate scientific CMOS cameras. The imaging set-up is established using an experimentally-validated home-made simulation software (MODHERATO). The code computes quantitative radiographic signals from the description of the source, object geometry and composition, detector, and geometrical configuration (magnification factor, etc.). It accounts for several noise sources (photonic and electronic noises, swank and readout noise), and for image blur due to the source spot-size and to the detector unsharpness. In a view to PLINIUS-2, the simulation has been improved to account for the scattered flux, which is expected to be significant. The paper presents the scattered flux calculation using the MCNP transport code, and its integration into the MODHERATO simulation. Then the validation of the improved simulation is presented, through confrontation to real measurement images taken on a small-scale equivalent set-up on the PLINIUS platform. Excellent agreement is achieved. This improved simulation is therefore being used to design the PLINIUS-2 imaging set-ups (source, detectors, cameras, etc.).

scholarly journals Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Mercury Exposure in Seafood and Human Populations near a Small-Scale Gold Mining Area

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Sofia ◽  
Adi Heru Husodo ◽  
Eko Sugiharto
Keyword(s):  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Acute And Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Gold Miners

<p>Gold amalgamation processes using mercury were practiced in small scale gold mining activities in Krueng Sabee, Aceh Province. Seafood (fish, mollusc, shrimp) and human hair samples were collected to assess mercury concentrations.  Acute and chronic toxicity symptoms which arise among the populations were observed as well as personal protective equipment used by gold miners. The range of mercury concentrations varied among fish, shrimp, and molluscs. The highest mercury levels were recorded in fish <em>Puntius latristriga</em> (172.299 ± 10.626 µg/g wet wt.), followed by mollusc, <em>Polymesoda caroliniana </em> (160,032 ± 0,522 µg/g wet wt.), fish <em>R.kanagurta</em> (149 ±2,000 µg/g wet wt.), shrimp <em>Penaeus monodon</em> (116.975 ± 4.807 µg/g wet wt.).  The variation of mercury concentrations in hair samples of 72 respondents were detected from 5.7 µg/g to 88.1 µg/g. The most frequent acute and chronic intoxication symptoms documented were headache, muscle cramps, cough, and aphthous ulcers. Personal protective equipment which has correlation with high mercury levels in gold miners were respirator/mask, gloves, and apparel (p &lt; 0.05). All seafood samples exceeded 0.5 µg Hg/g MoH Food and Drug Administrasion threshold level and hair samples over 10 µg/g as set by WHO tolerance limit.</p>

scholarly journals Review Of The Small Scale Gold Mining Practices At Cineam, Tasikmalaya Regency, West Java, Indonesia

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
Hutamadi Hutamadi ◽  
Bambang Nugroho Widi ◽  
Sabtanto Joko Suprapto
Keyword(s):  
Gold Deposit ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Mining Operation ◽  
Gold Deposits ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Gold Content ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
West Java ◽  
Gold Miners

Gold deposit at Cineam area is an epithermal gold deposit of low sulphidation type which lies about 180 km southeast of Bandung at an elevation of 400 meter above the mean sea level. The Cineam deposit is administratively belongs to Cineam Subdistrict , Tasikmalaya Regency, West Java Province, which dominantly occurred within volcanic rocks unit of Jampang Formation. Alterations developed in this area namely propylite, argillic, sericitation, and silisification, occurred in andesitic lava, volcanic breccia, and andesitic to dacitic tuff. The thickness of gold bearing quartz veins are commonly from few cm up to > 20 cm, while for the veins of higher grade of gold content the thickness are about 5 cm or less. The average grade of gold content is around 6 - 10 gr/t Au. Although Cineam gold deposits can not be classified as a big scale deposit, itsmineral genesis has an interesting characteristic to be further studied. The Cineam area representing one of the most prospect areas of gold found in the eastern part of West Java Southern Mountain Range. As the Cineam gold deposit is proportionally suitable for a small scale gold mine, the local government had already gave a mining license to a Family Firm in the form of a Village Unit Cooperation or “KUD” such as KUD Mekarjaya which had also been updated to become a B class of Exploitation License category that permitted for the realization of metallic exploitation. This action was in line with the implementation of Autonomy Policy since the year of 2001.Although KUD Mekarjaya’s mining production is relatively so small but in fact the mining activity is still being maintained to be daily earnings for the local gold miners to rely on. Within the long run of the local gold miners activity at Cineam which has been working since 1968, this condition can give rise to many well skilled and experienced labors in seeking for gold ores, in handling small scale gold mining works, and in obtaining for the bullions. In other side, on thecontrary, there are some negative actions must be kept under control such as the disposal of the waste or tailing directly into the river and the unsafely process of heating the amalgam to obtain the bullion including other improper ways done during the handling of their mining activities. Since the whole mining operation so far generally financed by individual investors it is very likely that small scale gold mining lacks of the capital needed for the mining operation. This condition is what the KUD always facing with so that management and financial matters can be a very serious problem affecting the progress of the KUD Mekarjaya From some presentation given by the CCOP-CASM Meeting in Bandung we can compare the condition of small scale mining in Indonesia. and that from other countries which have conducted good management in mining regulation and policy in relation with licensing, mining workers, tax payment and awareness of environment live in the vicinity of mining areas On account of that event this can be expected to motivate and encourage the policy anddecision makers either locally or centrally throughout Indonesia in giving more attention related to the guidance, monitoring and inspection of the implementation of small scale mining activities which is actually growing in numbers.

Appropriate technologies for the future

1980 ◽  
Vol 209 (1174) ◽  
pp. 183-186 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Health Needs ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Third World

Crystal ball gazing is a hazardous occupation: the sharper the picture, the greater the possibility of error. In the future, appropriate technologies that will raise standards of health and diminish the prevalence of disease in the Third World must take cognizance of such factors as burgeoning population growth, impossibly high cost of energy sources, a widening gap between food requirements and food production, increasing urbanization, and inherent difficulties of control of disease vectors and water-borne diseases. The technologies that must be made available will be both large-scale and small-scale, low-cost and simple, improving life for the individual and the community, mediated by appropriately trained and adequately supervised polycompetent auxiliaries. The present reappraisal of health needs in the context of food (seeds, soils, irrigation, protection against loss of the harvested products) and of prevention of disease by appropriate prophylactic measures and its treatment, will necessitate hard thinking and greater cooperation between all concerned.

scholarly journals Wideband Hybrid Precoding Techniques for THz Massive MIMO in 6G Indoor Network Deployment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeyakumar P ◽  
Vishnu V ◽  
Srinitha S ◽  
Muthuchuchidambaranathan P ◽  
Arvind Ramesh
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Propagation Delay ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Parameters ◽  
Hybrid Precoding ◽  
Split Effect ◽  
The Future ◽  
Array Gain ◽  
Channel Simulator

Abstract Terahertz (THz) communication is becoming an up-and-coming technology for the future 6G networks as it provides an ultra-wide bandwidth.Appropriate channel models and precoding techniques are essential for supporting the desired coverage and mainly to resolve the severe path loss in THz signals. Initially, the Sub-THz channel (140 GHz) impulse response by using NYUSIM Channel Simulator for 6G indoor office scenario is investigated in this work. The highlight is on Large scale and Small scale parameters like propagation delay and path loss, antenna array gain, etc. The beam split effect is a critical challenge of THz wideband communication.Therefore We have proposed three different THz precoding methodologies like the hybrid precoding, analog beamforming, and the delay-phase precoding to address this challenge. We then extensively investigate its diverse number of time delayers, varying number of antenna elements, and comparison with frequency - mmWave and Sub-THz have been discussed. Finally, the proposed delay-phase precoding techniques outperforms the other precoding techniques with 97% of optimal precoding. So, this an efficient approach for implementing the future indoor communication network deployment for 6G.

scholarly journals The “Galamsey” Menace: Implications on the Archaeological Record at Awudua Dada, Western Region, Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-133
Author(s):  
Fritz Biveridge
Keyword(s):  
Gold Mining ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Cultural Resources ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Gold Miners ◽  
European Trade ◽  
Metal Products

This article discusses the socio-cultural consequences of small-scale artisanal gold mining on the archaeological record and other heritage resources at Awudua Dada, located in the Prestia-Huni Valley District of the Western Region, Ghana. The settlement witnessed vibrant commercial exchanges between Wassa and Dutch traders in the mid-seventeenth century because of its abundant gold resources, much of which was exchanged for novel European trade goods such as varieties of alcoholic beverages, guns, gunpowder, and finished metal products among many others. Currently abandoned and desolate, groups of small-scale artisanal gold miners continue to prospect gold there, and along the banks and bed of the Ankobra River which lies close-by. Archaeological, historical, and ethno historical research constituted the principal methods used to derive data for the study which revealed that mining had not only negatively impacted the archaeological record and other cultural resources there but had also caused significant environmental degradation.

scholarly journals Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Mercury Exposure in Seafood and Human Populations near a Small-Scale Gold Mining Area

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Sofia Sofia ◽  
Adi Heru Husodo ◽  
Eko Sugiharto
Keyword(s):  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Acute And Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Gold Miners

<p>Gold amalgamation processes using mercury were practiced in small scale gold mining activities in Krueng Sabee, Aceh Province. Seafood (fish, mollusc, shrimp) and human hair samples were collected to assess mercury concentrations.  Acute and chronic toxicity symptoms which arise among the populations were observed as well as personal protective equipment used by gold miners. The range of mercury concentrations varied among fish, shrimp, and molluscs. The highest mercury levels were recorded in fish <em>Puntius latristriga</em> (172.299 ± 10.626 µg/g wet wt.), followed by mollusc, <em>Polymesoda caroliniana </em> (160,032 ± 0,522 µg/g wet wt.), fish <em>R.kanagurta</em> (149 ±2,000 µg/g wet wt.), shrimp <em>Penaeus monodon</em> (116.975 ± 4.807 µg/g wet wt.).  The variation of mercury concentrations in hair samples of 72 respondents were detected from 5.7 µg/g to 88.1 µg/g. The most frequent acute and chronic intoxication symptoms documented were headache, muscle cramps, cough, and aphthous ulcers. Personal protective equipment which has correlation with high mercury levels in gold miners were respirator/mask, gloves, and apparel (p &lt; 0.05). All seafood samples exceeded 0.5 µg Hg/g MoH Food and Drug Administrasion threshold level and hair samples over 10 µg/g as set by WHO tolerance limit.</p>

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