scholarly journals Popu lation of Zlatous t in the years of the Great Patriotic war

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (04) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
V. Zhuravleva ◽  
M. Miroshnichenko
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Sanitary Condition ◽  
Natural Decrease ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Poor Nutrition ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City

In the article for the first time in the Ural historiography based on published documents and archives analyzes the population of Zlatoust in 1941—1945, who was made a worthy contribution to the Victory. Was noted significant growth his. The main source of replenishment of the inhabitants of Zlatoust was migration, which during the war years exceeded the natural population growth, with the exception of 1942. Evacuated from areas undergoing temporary occupation arrived in the city together with industrial enterprises. The number of evacuated exceeded the housing and utilities facilities of the city. The crowding and overcrowding of dwellings sharply worsened the sanitary condition of the city, exacerbated the epidemic situation in it and created favorable conditions for the spread of infections. Zlatoust survived several epidemic outbreaks of typhoid fever, measles, dysentery, tuberculosis. Due to poor nutrition, people suffered from dystrophy. During the war years, the city experienced an increase in mortality with a drop in fertility, which led to a natural decrease of population. But the improvement of the state of healthcare allowed to the end of the war to reduce the morbidity and mortality of citizens.

scholarly journals Treatment and evacuation work of evacuation hospitals in the Saratov region in the period from July 1943 to June 1945

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-264
Author(s):  
V A Sokolov ◽  
Yu A Murylev ◽  
D K Yakimov ◽  
V Yu Murylev
Keyword(s):  
Final Stage ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Civic Duty ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
The City

The experience of organizing the treatment of wounded and sick military men of the Red army in Saratov at the final stage of the Great Patriotic War is studied. Priority tasks that were solved in conditions of the location of medical institutions in the deep rear are given. The structure of injuries and injuries with which soldiers and officers of the Red Army were sent from the front to the evacuation hospitals of the city and the region was investigated. Attention is drawn to the change the severity and location of wounds, depending on the progress of our units towards Germany. The factors that contributed to the successful treatment and return to the system of heavy contingents of the wounded and sick are indicated. The importance of the initiative work, which was carried out by medical personnel of evacuation hospitals on the development and introduction of new methods to improve the effectiveness of medical measures in everyday clinical practice, was stressed. Published data on the number of beds that were transferred from the Saratov hospital base in the army. In addition, evacuation hospitals and the Saratov Medical Institute were those institutions of which, even at the final stage of the war, medical personnel were sent for service to the front. At the same time, many honorably and honorably fulfilled their civic duty to the Motherland. Examples of patronage over hospitals from industrial enterprises and public organizations of Saratov and the region are given. A brief overview of the treatment and prophylactic tasks, which were solved in the interests of the civilian population of the city and the region, is given.

scholarly journals Activities of the district sanitary and epidemiological service of Moscow during the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945)

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 468-473
Author(s):  
Vladislav R. Kuchma ◽  
N. Yu. Kuchma ◽  
E. V. Naryshkina
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Occupational Injuries ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Public Health Education ◽  
The State ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Sanitary Condition ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Inspection Service

The analysis of data and publications concerning the activities of the sanitary and epidemiological service (SES) during The World War II has been made in the memory of the 75th anniversary of the historical Victory of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War. An expert and analytical study was performed. There was a report of the work of the state sanitary Inspection and Sanitary-epidemiological station of the Kirovsky district of Moscow in 1944. The effort of the sanitary service of the Kirovsky district in 1944 allowed performing the supervision on controlled objects by 162.3% and restored the house water pipes and sewers which were destroyed in the past winter; to improve the housing stock of the district; to renovate and provide equipment of the hostel, to improve the content of dormitories and eliminate lice, to open 4 new kindergartens and nursery toddlers ‘ groups and to improve the sanitary condition and maintenance of children’s institutions, to organize the summer improving children’s company, to repair schools, to improve nutrition in child care, to improve health of workers and the maintenance of industrial and municipal enterprises, to reduce the incidence of injuries at the leading industrial enterprises, to improve the working conditions of Junior enterprises, to reduce the number of occupational diseases and occupational injuries; to reduce the incidence of influenza, dysentery, diphtheria and malaria, to exceed the preventive vaccination plan ahead of time, to achieve almost complete (98.3%) hospitalization of epidemic patients, to organize connections with public health instructors, to exceed the work plans of all SES laboratories, to perform scientific and practical work. Conclusion. The work of the state sanitary Inspection and sanitary inspection Service of the Kirovsky district of Moscow in 1944 provided an appropriate level of sanitary conditions at enterprises, institutions and the territory of the district. Military difficulties and limited human resources did not affect on the use of the main forms of work of the service: preventive and routine sanitary supervision, laboratory and instrumental research methods, vaccination, public health education, and administrative measures.

scholarly journals MAKHACHKALA IN THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR: THE MAIN INDUSTRIAL AND TRANSPORT CENTER OF THE CAUCASUS

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
Gadzhikurban Ibraghimovich KAKAGASANOV ◽  
Yulia Mikhaylovna LYSENKO
Keyword(s):  
Trade Unions ◽  
Joint Work ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Manufactured Products ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Central Council ◽  
State Defense ◽  
The City

The article reviews the role of Makhachkala - the capital of the Daghestan ASSR - as an industrial, transport and evacuation center in the years of the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945). The authors highlights the labor excellence of the city’s residents, especially those who worked at industrial enterprises, at the sea-port, on the railway. The importance of the city workers in strengthening the country's defense is shown. During the war, a number of factories in Makhachkala started the production of ammunition and equipment for ships and transport. The paper provides the analysis of the manufactured products, notes the joint work with the evacuated enterprises. The workers of the Makhachkala Factory named after M. Gadzhiev, for example, during the war increased the output of products by 4 times; in 1945 they 7 times won the Red Banner of the State Defense Committee and 2 times - the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions and the People's Commissariat of the USSR Navy. The work of the citizens of Makhachkala on the construction of defensive lines, the activities of evacuation hospitals located in the city are described. In the summer of 1942, the Makhachkala special defensive line was created, while the construction of defensive structures in the city itself (barricades, firing points, shelters) was underway, in which more than 20 thousand of citizens and residents of neighbouring regions took part.

scholarly journals Statistics of the USSR and Leningrad During the Great Patriotic War

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 104-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Yu. Cherepenina ◽  
A. L. Dmitriev
Keyword(s):  
Data Transfer ◽  
State Planning ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Ussr State ◽  
Time Frames ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City ◽  
Statistical Work

The article looks at how Soviet, Russian state statistics operated during the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945). Statistical activities within both the system of state structures, led by the Central Statistical Board of the USSR State Planning Committee, and departmental statistics, organized at that time in sectoral management structures – Narkomats (People’s Commissariats). The authors show how urgent mobilization of all the nation’s resources for needs of the front led to the changes in statistical work; this was primarily related to priorities of statistical observations and time frames of statistical works.The paper analyses main directions of statistical activity on the collection and processing of information on different levels of the managerial structure and at the industry level. The authors review all advances in statistics that happened in wartime conditions urgent censuses (surveys) and operational data transfer, a system of operational accounting.In a separate section of the article using archival sources, for the first time, are considered the problems of organizing statistical activities in Leningrad, the city that found itself in the blockade ring in 1941, and ways to solve them in extreme military conditions.

scholarly journals LABOR DAYS OF NORTH OSSETIA DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR 1941-1945

Kavkaz-forum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
С.А. СЕКИНАЕВ
Keyword(s):  
Academic Science ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
German Army ◽  
Need Analysis ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
First Time ◽  
North Ossetia

В изучении истории Великой Отечественной войны, как правило, основное внимание уделялось героике – битвам, сражениям, славным воинам. Гораздо меньше исследовательского внимания пришлось на военную повседневность, трудовые будни тыла. Актуальность этого вопроса сегодня заключается в многочисленных попытках фальсификации истории войны. К сожалению, тема тыла в условиях оккупации отдельных регионов стала использоваться в провокационных проектах, направленных на разжигание межнациональной розни. Ангажированность и политизированность таких исследований подтверждается многочисленными тиражами отдельных «трудов», очерняющих вклад народов страны в победу. Противостоять таким попыткам необходимо с позиций академической науки. В настоящей статье рассматриваются трудовые процессы, происходившие в тылу боевых действий в Северной Осетии: всеобщая мобилизация трудового населения на помощь фронту, деятельность промышленных предприятий на территории республики. Поставленные вопросы в той или иной степени нашли свое отражение в советской историографии, но многие события и явления, оказавшиеся на периферии исследовательского внимания, нуждаются в анализе или переосмыслении. В настоящей статье впервые вводятся в научный оборот новые источники – материалы периодической печати военных лет: республиканской газеты «Социалистическая Осетия», а также заводских газет «На рельсы» и «Рабочий Электроцинка», которые существенно дополняют сложившиеся представления о жизни тыла ‒ хорошо организованного хозяйственно-экономического, социально-политического и культурного пространства, с помощью которого удалось остановить врага от захвата столицы ‒ города Орджоникидзе, и дальнейшего продвижения немецкой армии в Закавказье. Study of the history of the Great Patriotic War, as a rule, focuses on heroics − battles, glorious warriors. Much less research attention was paid to military everyday life and the working days of the rear. The relevance of this issue today is accounted for by numerous attempts to falsify the history of the war. Unfortunately, the topic of the rear under the occupation of certain regions began to be used in provocative projects aimed at inciting ethnic hatred. Partisanship and politicization of such research is confirmed by numerous copies of individual "works" to blacken the country's contribution to the victory of the peoples. It is necessary to resist such attempts from the standpoint of academic science. This article discusses the labor processes that took place in the rear of the hostilities in North Ossetia: the general mobilization of the working population to help the front, the activities of industrial enterprises in the republic. The questions raised, to one degree or another, were reflected in Soviet historiography, but many events and phenomena that have fallen on the periphery of research attention need analysis or rethinking. This article for the first time introduces into scientific circulation new sources − materials from the periodical press of the war years: the republican newspaper "Socialist Ossetia", as well as the factory newspapers "On the Rails" and "Electrozinc Worker ", which significantly complement the prevailing ideas about the life of the rear − a well-organized economic, socio-political and cultural space, with the help of which it was possible to stop the enemy from seizing the capital − the city of Ordzhonikidze, and further advance the German army in Transcaucasia.

scholarly journals Dynamics and Causes of Violations of Labor Discipline during the Great Patriotic War (on the Materials of the City of Kovrov)

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 330-348
Author(s):  
Ilya S. Tryakhov
Keyword(s):  
Historical Sources ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Labor Discipline ◽  
Labor Legislation ◽  
Vladimir Region ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Life Phenomena ◽  
The City ◽  
Large Enterprises

This article explores the causes of labor discipline violations and their dynamics during the Great Patriotic War by the example of a compact rear industrial center - the city of Kovrov, which became part of the Vladimir Region, which stood out from Ivanovo in 1944. Based on the analysis of the documents of the city committee of the city party, including the minutes of the city committee meetings, memoranda from party instructors, plans and reports on the work of industrial enterprises, the author concludes that there is some dynamics in the violation of harsh labor laws at the city enterprises. Studying the stated problem, it was possible not only to identify the causes of numerous violations of labor legislation by workers and employees, but also to find out the attitude and reaction of the Kovrov city committee of the CPSU (b) to these processes. In the course of the study, a fact was confirmed in many respects, which was repeatedly indicated in both domestic and foreign historiography about the continuity of processes in industrial enterprises of the prewar and war years. Moreover, it would hardly be worthwhile to reduce all complex life phenomena and contradictions exclusively to system errors and manifestations of Stalinism. In each specific case described in the sources, there was a human factor and, accordingly, the choice of officials. The revealed historical sources allow us to ascertain the presence of a certain dynamics in the number of violations of labor discipline at the level of the city and individual large enterprises, but which was not observed across the region. If large enterprises were characterized by wave-like dynamics of violations with a tendency to increase sharply at the beginning of the war, then small factories and artels showed a permanent decrease in such cases. An analysis of the labor practice of the war years forces, at least partially, to revise the thesis of Soviet historiography on the exceptional cohesion of the rear, but at the same time confirms the versatility and complexity of the daily lives of rear workers, emphasizes the harsh conditions in which workers and employees had to work during the war years and at the same time proves that the war years society was not monolithic.

scholarly journals IMPROVEMENT OF THE HYDROECOLOGICAL CONDITION OF TEREMNIVSKY PONDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-141
Author(s):  
Vasyl Fesiuk ◽  
Serhii Polianskyi ◽  
Vladyslav Guda
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
City Council ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Sanitary Condition ◽  
The City

The article is devoted to the assessment of the current hydroecological condition of Teremnivsky ponds, the factors influencing it, the connection with the hydroecological condition of the Sapalaivka river. The history of research of hydroecological condition of Teremnivsky ponds, features of physical and geographical conditions of locality and anthropogenic influence on ecosystem of ponds are analyzed. The reservoirs are located in the Teremnivskyi district, where low-rise private buildings and a few of industrial enterprises predominate. Ponds and their shores are a place of rest and recreation of local population. It has swimming and sunbathing beaches, shopping and catering facilities. The shores of the ponds are currently insufficiently landscaped and have poor sanitation. The reservoir is a typical floodplain pond in the valley of the river Sapalaivka. Built in the 60's. XX century Recently, the ecological and sanitary condition of ponds has deteriorated, which makes it difficult to use them for recreational purposes. This is largely due to the poor ecological condition of the Sapalaivka river. Teremnivsky ponds in the summer are characterized by eutrophication - the enrichment of reservoirs with nutrients, which is accompanied by increased productivity of the reservoir. Much of the surface of the reservoir is covered with a film of duckweed and other algae. Poor sanitation of the reservoir banks also contributes to eutrophication. Shores are not removed from fallen leaves, household waste. It all gets into the stakes and pollutes them. It is determined that the hydroecological condition of Teremnivsky ponds is most affected by: chemical composition of water, microbiological water pollution, eutrophication of the reservoir in summer, sanitary condition of the reservoir banks, ecological condition of the Sapalaivka river, where the reservoir was created. It is established that the content of certain chemical pollutants in the water of Teremnivsky ponds exceeds their maximum permissible concentration in reservoirs for fishery use.  Such water pollution is caused by the ingress of surface runoff from the city, sewage from latrine pits and garbage from the population. Thus, the hydroecological and sanitary condition of Teremnivsky ponds today is unsatisfactory and requires optimization. Previously implemented measures of local environmental programs are analyzed. In 2012-17, on the initiative of the Department of Ecology of the Lutsk City Council, measures were taken to improve the hydroecological condition of the Sapalaivka River. At present, a significant amount of urgent work has been done, and the project is still far from complete. In 2013-2014, landscaping with elements of revitalization of the valley of the Sapalaivka River was carried out. A set of measures for the completion and successful implementation of the project to improve the hydro-ecological condition of Teremnivsky ponds is proposed. It includes: cleaning and tidying up the water area and the surrounding area; technical measures (treatment of surface runoff from the city and prevention of contaminated wastewater; bioremediation measures (treatment of ponds from pollutants already in the water, improving the sanitary condition of water and combating eutrophication of the reservoir). Key words: ponds, hydroecological condition of ponds, factors determining the hydroecological condition of ponds, measures to improve the hydroecological condition of ponds.

Activities of the district sanitary and epidemiological service of Moscow during the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945)

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 468-473
Author(s):  
Vladislav R. Kuchma ◽  
N. Yu. Kuchma ◽  
E. V. Naryshkina
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Occupational Injuries ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Public Health Education ◽  
The State ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Sanitary Condition ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Inspection Service

The analysis of data and publications concerning the activities of the sanitary and epidemiological service (SES) during The World War II has been made in the memory of the 75th anniversary of the historical Victory of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War. An expert and analytical study was performed. There was a report of the work of the state sanitary Inspection and Sanitary-epidemiological station of the Kirovsky district of Moscow in 1944. The effort of the sanitary service of the Kirovsky district in 1944 allowed performing the supervision on controlled objects by 162.3% and restored the house water pipes and sewers which were destroyed in the past winter; to improve the housing stock of the district; to renovate and provide equipment of the hostel, to improve the content of dormitories and eliminate lice, to open 4 new kindergartens and nursery toddlers ‘ groups and to improve the sanitary condition and maintenance of children’s institutions, to organize the summer improving children’s company, to repair schools, to improve nutrition in child care, to improve health of workers and the maintenance of industrial and municipal enterprises, to reduce the incidence of injuries at the leading industrial enterprises, to improve the working conditions of Junior enterprises, to reduce the number of occupational diseases and occupational injuries; to reduce the incidence of influenza, dysentery, diphtheria and malaria, to exceed the preventive vaccination plan ahead of time, to achieve almost complete (98.3%) hospitalization of epidemic patients, to organize connections with public health instructors, to exceed the work plans of all SES laboratories, to perform scientific and practical work. Conclusion. The work of the state sanitary Inspection and sanitary inspection Service of the Kirovsky district of Moscow in 1944 provided an appropriate level of sanitary conditions at enterprises, institutions and the territory of the district. Military difficulties and limited human resources did not affect on the use of the main forms of work of the service: preventive and routine sanitary supervision, laboratory and instrumental research methods, vaccination, public health education, and administrative measures.

scholarly journals Local communication companies in 1941-1945: domestic historiography

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
Elena Lenarovna Khramkova ◽  
Natalia Nikolaevna Mokina
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Methodology Development ◽  
Communication Industry ◽  
Local Communication ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Communication History ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time

The authors for the first time study the historical literature published in 1941-2015 and devoted to activity of local communication establishments of the front and rear districts of RSFSR during the Great Patriotic War. The special attention is paid to the researches executed on materials of Central Volga area. The historiography is analyzed within two large periods: Soviet and Post-Soviet. The main tendencies of methodology development, references and the subject perspective are defined in each of them. The authors have drawn conclusions about the degree of study of civil operators contribution to the Victory in 1941-1945. The modern period of studying of the place and role of communication industry in military economy, information infrastructure, everyday life in the extreme conditions of the war is characterized by application of new methodological approaches (system, modernization, integration, biographic) which promote interdisciplinary judgment as well as expansion of the problem field of the Great Patriotic War communication history research. Among perspective questions which were earlier insufficiently studied by historians the authors note a role of local communication establishments in industrial enterprises and population evacuation, in development of military industrial complex of rear areas, structure of post military censorship bodies, standard and legal base of post and cable departures inspection, courier communication organization, material and household provision for regional communication institutions officers and others.

TO THE QUESTION OF THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE ECOLOGICAL STATE OF ARTIFICIAL PLANTATIONS OF PITSUNDSKAYA PINE IN THE SEASIDE AREA OF GELENDZHIK

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Derevenets ◽  
Elizaveta Derevenets
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
The Road ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Federal Highway ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Gelendzhik is the resort town, there aren't a lot of industrial enterprises here. The main pollutant is transport. The work purpose is the assessment of a condition of the artificial landings of a pine located along the Federal highway "Don" and landings, which is nearly the sea coast. Researches were conducted to a standard technique of the General vital state (A. S. Bogolyubov). The assessment of a condition of pines was carried out during 6 years: from 2010 to 2015. For carrying out research we used 6 experimental grounds on the Markotkhsky spine and 2 control grounds within the town. We investigated 24 trees on each platform, middle age of the trees were 30 - 40 years. Results. 1. The condition of trees in the pine forests located in immediate proximity with the Federal highway "Don" (No. 1, 2, 3) is unsatisfactory. As even weak influences of the majority of atmospheric gaseous pollutants (sulphurous gas, nitrogen oxides, etc.) give effect of a necrosis and hloroz of pine needles, the condition of pines is connected with technogenic pollution. So near the Federal highway "Don" the air environment is strongly polluted by exhaust gases. Information of 2012 confirm that negative influence of the route on Markotkh's vegetation decreases at reduction of load of the route. 2. On the sites located above on a slope (No. 4,5,6) thanks to remoteness and the wind mode intensity of influence of pollutants is lower and a condition of pines the quite satisfactory. 3. Trees on the sites located near the sea (No. 7,8) are in a good shape. Small deterioration of a state is noted in very droughty years. Conclusion. Results of six years' research show that the condition of the plantings which are in close proximity with the road worsens. It is explained by increase in intensity of the movement on the road, especially during a resort season. Gelendzhik is the city with a good ecological shape, but the damage to environment is already caused. If not to take measures, we can lose a unique part of the nature in the future, recreate it will be impossible. Measures of reduction of negative impact of exhaust gases were offered. Results of researches are transferred to ecological department of the City administration of Gelendzhik.

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