scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF PRICE BEHAVIOUR ON INDONESIAN CPO EXPORT QUANTITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Putri Budi Setyowati ◽  
Dessanty Fauziah Widayat ◽  
Budi Prihatminingtyas
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Cointegration Test ◽  
Domestic Price ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Negative Relation ◽  
World Price ◽  
Export Volume ◽  
The Given

Unpredictable changes in supply and demand may cause the variation of price behavior. Crude Palm Oil (CPO) as Indonesian main export commodity has the highest risk of uncertainty price which is influenced by world price while it tends to fluctuate and become volatile in the given period. In order to increase CPO production, government has implemented biodiesel mandatory regulation namely B30 in 2019. It means that the use of diesel fuel with 20 percent of biofuel content. Besides that, government also applies zero tax policy to stimulate CPO producers in doing export. The objectives of this research are to analyze price volatility and its effect on export volume in the long term. Daily Indonesian CPO price since January 2010 to December 2017 was analyzed by Historical Volatility Method and Cointegration Test. This research shows that both domestic and world price of CPO tends to be high while domestic price is less volatile than world price. Furthermore, CPO’s price and export volume are cointegrated and have negative relation in the long term.

scholarly journals The Impact of Export Volume and GDP on USA’s Civil Aviation in Between 1980-2012

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salih Kalayci ◽  
Sabire Yazici
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Cointegration Test ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Johansen Cointegration ◽  
Export Volume ◽  
Johansen Cointegration Test ◽  
The Impact

This paper assays how the effect of USA’s both export volume and GDP have on civil aviation by implementing econometrical models such as linear regression and Johansen Co-integration tests in order to realize the dimension of its influence. The impact of both export volume and GDP on civil aviation have analyzed between the years 1980 and 2012 in order to make it a parametrical test by using E-Views Programme. According to Johansen cointegration test there is a long term relationship between the variables in between 1980-2012.Furthermore, It has been founded that USA’s export volume and GDP have crucial influence on civil aviation according to the E-Views programme results within the periods of 1980-2012. influence. The impact of both export volume and GDP on civil aviation have analyzed between the years 1980 and 2012 in order to make it a parametrical test by using E-Views Programme. According to Johansen cointegration test there is a long term relationship between the variables in between 1980-2012. Furthermore, It has been founded that USA’s export volume and GDP have crucial influence on civil aviation according to the E-Views programme results within the periods of 1980-2012.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PENAWARAN DAN PERMINTAAN LADA INDONESIA DI PASAR INTERNASIONAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
SABARMAN DAMANIK
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Price Change ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
International Market ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
World Price ◽  
Export Volume

<p><strong>Analysis of Indonesian pepper supply and demand in the International Market</strong></p><p>Study on the supply and demand of Indonesian pepper in the international market was conducted by using the data of time series from 1980 to 1999. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression and two stage least square (2 SLS) estimation method. The result of analysis revealed that the factors affecting pepper supply from Indonesia were international market, world price, pepper production, exchange rate, and the last export volume. The supply export of pepper of each major pepper producing counlircs showed similar characeristics, i.e. die expot of pepper of the countries, including Indonesia was affeclcd signiicantly by the national pepper production. When the price changed, the supply would change with the percentage higher than that of the price change. The demand for pepper import at the elasticity coeicient value smaller than one (0.144 -0.680) meant that it was inelastic. The elasticity coeficient value of the Indonesian pepper supply in the short and long terms was 1 168 and 4.037 respectively. It meant that they were elastic, if the price changed, the supply would change with the percentage higher than thai of the price change. The implication to Ihe pepper industry in Indonesia were (a) the decrease in Ihe pepper price in the international market did not affect the national pepper production, and (b) the exchange rale affect the volume of the pepper export.</p>

scholarly journals Conceptual approaches for building a balanced portfolio of projects in oil and gas companies in exploration and production sector

2019 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 03004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin Molchanov ◽  
Natalia Romasheva
Keyword(s):  
Portfolio Management ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Minimal Risk ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Exploration And Production ◽  
Oil And Gas Companies ◽  
Capital Intensive

Uncertainties such as price volatility, supply and demand, global warming, technological progress, geopolitical situation, force the capital-intensive oil and gas sector to create a flexible portfolio of projects to proactively respond to changes. In an increasingly complex and uncertain environment, oil and gas companies around the world face continued pressure. It has become difficult to make strategic decisions and build long-term plans, so it has become vital to have a balanced portfolio. We suggest that in order to achieve the goals and maximize profitability, companies need to develop indicators for balanced portfolio, which will allow to evaluate the portfolio and rank the current and potential projects in order to create flexibility with minimal risk. In the article, we analysed modern approaches and benchmarked companies` tools for portfolio management, current situation in industry, identified risks and indicators for evaluation. We received the tool for quantitative evaluation for portfolio.

scholarly journals EXPORT DEMAND FOR INDONESIA'S CRUDE PALM OIL (CPO) TO PAKISTAN: APPLICATION OF ERROR CORRECTION MODEL

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-77
Author(s):  
Lisbeth Girsang ◽  
Ketut Sukiyono ◽  
Putri Suci Asriani
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Error Correction ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Domestic Price ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
International Price ◽  
The Exchange Rate

Crude Palm Oil is one of the agricultural export commodities which become a contributor of foreign exchange which is exported to Pakistan continuously but fluctuated from the year 1973 to 2016. The purpose of this study consisted of two things; the first is to identify the factors that influence the demand for Indonesia's CPO exports to Pakistan. The second is to analyze the relationship between the production of CPO, the international and domestic price of CPO, and the exchange rate of Rupiah toward the volume of Indonesian CPO exports to Pakistan both in the long and in the short term of time. This study used time series data (1973-2016). The analytical method used in this study was Error correction model (ECM) to examine the correlation of variables: Indonesian CPO production, the international and domestic price of CPO, the international price of coconut oil, the international price of soybean oil, Pakistan’s GDP per capita, the inflation in Pakistan, and the exchange rate of Rupiah toward the export variable of Indonesian CPO to Pakistan by using software E-Views 6.0. Based on the results of this study, it is concluded that the factor affecting the short-term demand of Indonesia's CPO exports to Pakistan is the international price of CPO which has a significant negative correlation, while the factor affecting long-term demand is the exchange rate of Rupiah toward the US$ which has a significant positive correlation. There is no correlation between both Indonesian CPO production and domestic price of CPO toward Indonesia's CPO exports to Pakistan both in the short and in the long term.

Solar Renewable Energy Credit Price Volatility and Investment Returns: Have Policies Stranded Capital Investment?

Commonwealth ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Somayeh Youssefi ◽  
Patrick L. Gurian
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
The United States ◽  
Investment Model ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Investment Returns

Pennsylvania is one of a number of U.S. states that provide incentives for the generation of electricity by solar energy through Solar Renewal Energy Credits (SRECs). This article develops a return on investment model for solar energy generation in the PJM (mid-­Atlantic) region of the United States. Model results indicate that SREC values of roughly $150 are needed for residential scale systems to break even over a 25-­year project period at 3% interest. Market prices for SRECs in Pennsylvania have been well below this range from late 2011 through the first half of 2016, indicating that previous capital investments in solar generation have been stranded as a result of steep declines in the value of SRECs. A simple conceptual supply and demand model is developed to explain the sharp decline in market prices for SRECs. Also discussed is a possible policy remedy that would add unsold SRECs in a given year to the SREC quota for the subsequent year.

Future of Commodity Markets and Investments

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hunter M. Holzhauer
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Commodity Markets ◽  
Investment Banks ◽  
Algorithmic Trading ◽  
Excess Supply ◽  
The Future ◽  
Change Concerns ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Regulatory Trends

This chapter begins with a breakdown of recent growth trends for the overall commodities market. However, the long-term future of the market will heavily depend on three pressing issues: excess supply, increased regulations, and algorithmic trading. The section on excess supply explores how traders are changing strategies to adjust to the current imbalance between supply and demand, especially in the steel industry, and how that imbalance might change in the future based on global population trends and climate change concerns. The next section examines several regulatory trends, including the dramatic exodus of some investment banks from certain segments of the commodities market followed by a section focusing on how algorithmic trading is influencing how commodities are traded. A discussion of potential scenarios for the commodities market follows. The chapter concludes by examining a few ways in which the market and commodity traders may both survive and even thrive in the future.

MERGE OF THE TECHNİCAL ANALYSİS TYPES GİVES THE BEST RESULTS İN CRYPTOCURRENCY MARKET

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (14) ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
MUSTAFA ÖZYEŞİL ◽  
MOHAMMAD AL-TARIFI
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Investment Strategy ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Market Capitalization ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Peer Network ◽  
Tangible Asset ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Peer To Peer Network

Cryptocurrencies are a modern kind of financial instrument (Hudson & Urquhart, 2019), the first cryptocurrency is Bitcoin , proposed by who called Satoushi Nakamato (2008), as The open source was created on the proof-of-concept principle that transactions can be securely treated on a decentralized peer to peer network without the need for a central clearinghouse, which appeared 2009 ( Heid, 2013). The success of the bitcoin blazes a trail to what called ‘Altcoin” this expression means all the cryptocurrencies that set in motion after the victory of the bitcoin, these coins sell themselves as the best alternatives for the bitcoin (FRANKENFIELD, 2020) . There are many types for the altcoin. The third type of the cryptocurrency is called Tokens Unlike Bitcoin and Altcoins, tokens are not able to activate independently and are dependent on the grid of another cryptocurrency. That means they do not have their own core DLT or blockchain, but instead, are built on top of an existing cryptocurrency’s blockchain (Types of cryptocurrencies: explaining the major types of cryptos, 2019). The worth of bitcoin doesn’t depend on any tangible asset or economies of the countries while it is based upon the security of an algorithm which traces all transactions (Hudson & Urquhart, 2019). The studies determine the number of the bitcoin price development in the long -run (Ciaian, Rajcaniova, & Kancs, 2018): • Market forces of the Bitcoin supply and demand • The bitcoin’s attractiveness for the investors • The influence of global macro-financial developments If you're forming an investment strategy designed to help you trail long-term financial intentions, understanding the relationship between company size, return potential, and risk is vital. (Market cap—or market capitalization—refers to the total value of all a company's shares of stock, 2017) .Hence , Manifested importance a cryptocurrency’s market capitalization as the total values of all coins currently in circulation. the cryptocurrency’s market cap contains what’s called Bitcoin Dominance that is the ratio between the market cap of bitcoin to other coins of the cryptocurrency markets (jacobcanfield, 2019) . Cryptocurrency trade is attractive type of investment. this market treated the same of the foreign exchange and stock market ( Radityo, Munajat, & Budi, 2017). The investors using the same basic in investment (buy low, sell high) but they need to calculating the risks

Growth prospects, market challenges and policy measures: evolution of mobile broadband in Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shehzad Hanif ◽  
Shao Yunfei ◽  
Muhammad Imran Hanif
Keyword(s):  
Developing Country ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mobile Broadband ◽  
Broadband Service ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Government

Purpose The paper aims to explore the long-term prospects of mobile broadband adoption in a developing country. The supply-side and demand-side policy measures are recommended to counter the challenges to broadband adoption. Design/methodology/approach Methodologically, this study uses document analysis to explain secondary data including growth statistics, trade literature and previous scholarly research. Based on the growth statistics of broadband and the informed market insights, the research discusses the prevailing market threats and recommends counter measures to improve the long-term prospects of broadband propagation. Findings The growth of mobile broadband is settling down in Pakistan due to various barriers like cost, literacy, security and unavailability of local content. Collaborative efforts are required by the government, the service providers and the people to enhance the adoption of broadband service and secure economic benefits of the broadband. Practical implications The research offers useful implications for managers and policymakers in Asian and African developing countries; the policy measures discussed here may serve as guidelines for them in the design of their own policies regarding broadband supply and demand. Originality/value The study makes an effort to examine the broadband growth in a developing country on the basis of both quantitative and qualitative aspects. The research endeavors to fill the gap on the particular scholarship of research covering potential uptake of broadband services and the effects of constraining elements to broadband adoption in a developing country.

scholarly journals Global economy interacts with climate change to jeopardize species conservation: the case of the greater flamingo in the Mediterranean and West Africa

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARNAUD BÉCHET ◽  
MANUEL RENDÓN-MARTOS ◽  
MIGUEL ÁNGEL RENDÓN ◽  
JUAN AGUILAR AMAT ◽  
ALAN R. JOHNSON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Anthropogenic Habitats ◽  
Recent Financial Crisis ◽  
Economic Use

The conservation of many species depends on sustainable economic activities that shape their habitats. The economic use of these anthropogenic habitats may change quickly owing to world trade globalization, market reorientations, price volatility or shifts in subsidy policies. The recent financial crisis has produced a global impact on the world economy. How this may have affected the use of habitats beneficial to biodiversity has not yet been documented. However, consequences could be particularly acute for species sensitive to climate change, jeopardizing long-term conservation efforts.

scholarly journals A survey of short-term and long-term stability of tube parameters in a mammography unit

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-325
Author(s):  
Jovica Praskalo ◽  
Jasna Davidovic ◽  
Biljana Kocic ◽  
Monika Zivkovic ◽  
Svetlana Pejovic
Keyword(s):  
Screening Program ◽  
Short Term ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Term Stability ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Mammography Screening Program ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Given

In order to set up a successful mammography screening program in the Republic of Srpska, a Siemens Mammomat 1000 X-ray machine was selected for analysis as the said mammography system is widely used in clinical practice. The variations in tube parameters (specific air kerma, high-voltage accuracy and reproducibility, linearity between exposure and dose exposure time) were monitored over a five-year period, from 2008 to 2012. In addition, due to observed daily fluctuations for chosen parameters, a series of measurements were performed three times a day within a single-month period (mainly October 2012). The goal of such an experimental set up is to assess short-term and long-term stability of tube parameters in the given mammography unit and to make a comparison between them. The present paper shows how an early detection of significant parameter fluctuations can help eliminate irregularities and optimize the performance of mammography systems.

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