scholarly journals Synthesis of Graphene Oxide Enriched Natural Kaolinite Clay and Its Application For Biodiesel Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-315
Author(s):  
Syukri Syukri ◽  
Fadhil Ferdian ◽  
Yetria Rilda ◽  
Yulia Eka Putri ◽  
Mai Efdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Bifunctional Catalyst ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Kaolinite Clay ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Activity Test

A heterogeneous catalyst is one type of catalyst which is very effective for biodiesel production; thus, in this study, a novel heterogeneous bifunctional catalyst was prepared by kaolinite clay obtained from Padang of West Sumatera and impregnated with graphene oxide and potassium hydroxide (KOH) for the simultaneous esterification and transesterification reactions of palm oil into biodiesel. For comparison, two other catalysts were also prepared. The first catalyst was the same clay which was heated at 450ºC for 4 hours, and the second catalyst was the same clay which was impregnated with potassium hydroxide (KOH) only. The three catalysts were characterized using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR). XRF analysis showed that the clay sample’s main composition consisted of 54% silica, 35% alumina, and 7% hematite. The XRD analysis results showed that the most dominant crystal composition was quartz, kaolinite, and hematite. The analysis results using FTIR showed a change in intensity and shift in wave numbers indicating a cation exchange. The catalytic activity test was carried out with a ratio of oil and methanol 1:6, catalyst amount 5%, 60ºC reaction temperature, and 4 hours of reaction time.The results showed that the catalytic activity of clays impregnated with graphene oxide and potassium hydroxide was better with a yield of 58% compared to clays without impregnation and other clays that were only impregnated with KOH under the yields of 0.8% and 0.4%, respectively

scholarly journals Natural Clay of Pasaman Barat Enriched by CaO of Chicken Eggshells as Catalyst for Biodiesel Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 662-673
Author(s):  
Syukri Syukri ◽  
Kevin Septioga ◽  
Syukri Arief ◽  
Yulia Eka Putri ◽  
Mai Efdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Main Peak ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
The Fourier Transform

This study uses broiler chicken eggshells to enhance catalytic activity of clay obtained from Pasaman Barat (West Sumatra, Indonesia) in lab-scale biodiesel production. The eggshell is a source of calcium oxide (CaO) which operates as a catalyst when mixed with the clay (Ca-Clay). Two other catalysts were also prepared as comparisons by 1) heating the clay at 800 oC for 6 hours (P-Clay), 2) mixing the P-Clay with KOH (K-Clay). An X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) showed the elemental composition of Ca-Clay contained Ca, Si, Al, and Fe. An X-ray Diffraction (XRD) showed the formation of highly crystalline CaO in the Ca-Clay with the main peak at 2θ = 37.27o. The Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) spectrum showed an absorption peak in the range of 700-900 cm-1 indicating Ca-O stretching demonstrating successful incorporation of the CaO into the clay. The catalytic activity test showed the Ca-Clay had a higher catalytic performance than P-Clay and K-Clay in terms of the yield of biodiesel produced (73%). Copyright © 2020 BCREC Group. All rights reserved 

Preparation of CuO/γ-Al2O3 Catalysts by Impregnationin Supercritical CO2

2011 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 1313-1317
Author(s):  
Li Min Li ◽  
San Kui Xu ◽  
Xiao Dong Wang ◽  
Nan Nan Guo ◽  
Yun Lai Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Catalyst Preparation ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Impregnation Time ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Organometallic Precursors ◽  
Adsorption Quantity

CuO/γ-Al2O3 catalysts were prepared by supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) impregnation method. The preparation was carried out in SC-CO2 with Cu(NO3)2 as precursor, methanol as assistant solvent, and γ-Al2O3 as support. The effects of impregnation parameters such as temperature and pressure of SC-CO2, impregnation time, ratio of precursor to support, and amount of assistant solvent on catalyst preparation were investigated. The as-prepared catalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and compared to that prepared by the conventional impregnation method. The SC-CO2 impregnation method provided higher adsorption rate, larger adsorption quantity, more homogeneous dispersion of precursor, and stronger interaction between precursor and support. The catalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) was used as probe reaction to estimate the catalytic activity of two catalysts prepared by two methods. The catalyst prepared by SC-CO2 impregnation method exhibits significantly improved catalytic activity. These results show that the inorganic metallic reagents as precursor with assistant solvent can be used as an alternative for the organometallic precursors in SC-CO2 impregnation method.

Green synthesis of CuO/rGO nanocomposite using Terminalia Arjuna bark extract and its catalytic activity for purification of water

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanita Kumari ◽  
Prit Pal Singh ◽  
Sandeep Kaushal
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Terminalia Arjuna ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Biogenic Synthesis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Purification Of Water

Biogenic synthesis of CuO/rGO nanocomposites was carried out successfully using Terminalia Arjuna bark extract. Various analytical methods such as UV-visible (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Field...

Oxidation of Acetaldehyde Over Cobalt Supported on Nanosized Carbon Black Catalysts

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 4029-4032
Author(s):  
Hyung-Sun Yoon ◽  
Seong-Gyu Seo
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Catalyst Surface ◽  
Catalyst Support ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Acetaldehyde Oxidation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Loading Amount ◽  
Economic Considerations

In this study, we investigated the oxidation of acetaldehyde over Co/carbon black catalysts. All experiments were conducted in the temperature range of 200–440 °C, at an acetaldehyde concentration of 0.94 mol% in air, and using Co loading amounts in the range of 2–60 wt%. The nanosized carbon black and Co/carbon black catalysts were characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The TGA data revealed that the nanosized carbon black was stable at high temperatures (600 °C), and the XRD results indicated that Co/carbon black was deteriorated and Co oxides, such as Co3O4, were formed. The addition of Co3O4 crystallites on the catalyst surface provided the greatest increase in catalytic activity. The catalytic activity of the supports used in this study for the acetaldehyde oxidation reaction increased as follows: SiO2 < TiO2 < carbon black < SiO2–Al2O3. The experimental results and economic considerations revealed that nanosized carbon black could be effectively used as catalyst support for the oxidation of acetaldehyde. The activity of the Co/carbon black catalysts varied with the Co loading amount, and the optimum Co loading amount was 10 wt%.

Development of Bi-Functional Heterogeneous Catalyst for Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil to Biodiesel: Optimization Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 1163 ◽  
pp. 128-147
Author(s):  
Fatai Alade Aderibigbe ◽  
Harvis Bamidele Saka ◽  
Elijah Olawale Ajala ◽  
Sherif Ishola Mustapha ◽  
Ishaq Alhassan Mohammed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Bifunctional Catalyst ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Cow Bone

Biodiesel production waste cooking oil is usually limited by its high free fatty acid and moisture content. The synergetic effect of both base and acid source from biomass was employed to proffer way out to this challenge. This study shows the coupled development of sulfonated carbonized corn cob (S-CCC) and calcined cow-bone (C-CB) catalysts for transesterification of waste cooking oil. The catalyst was prepared by physically mixing several mass percentages of S-CCC and C-CB (fluorapatite) in strategic proportions. The maximum biodiesel yield of 96.2 % was attained for catalyst mixture of 60 wt% and 40 wt%. The developed catalyst mixture was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Ray (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Brunauer–Emmett-Teller (BET). The surface area (472.3 m2/g), pore size (2.4330 nm) and volume (0.1380 cc/g) were obtained for the catalyst. The XRD shows that the crystallized structure of the bifunctional catalyst was formed majorly between 2 theta 10 and 65.Also the SEM shows a well dispersive pattern of the particles of the catalyst. The developed catalyst was employed for biodiesel optimization studies by varying factors such as time, temperature, catalyst loading and methanol: oil using optimal design under the response surface methodology. Maximum yield of 98.98 % was attained at time 6 h, temperature 65 °C, catalyst loading 6 %wt/ wt of oil and methanol to oil ratio of 11.75:1. It was observed that time and temperature had notable effect on the biodiesel yield.

Identification of acid-insoluble filter-plugging compounds and optimal acid-washing procedures for tubular backpulse pressure filters

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
KEVIN TAYLOR ◽  
RICH ADDERLY ◽  
GAVIN BAXTER
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Membrane Filter ◽  
Sulfamic Acid ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Metal Sulfides ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Gypsum Formation ◽  
Acid Washing ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Over time, performance of tubular backpulse pressure filters in kraft mills deteriorates, even with regular acid washing. Unscheduled filter replacement due to filter plugging results in significant costs and may result in mill downtime. We identified acid-insoluble filter-plugging materials by scanning electron microscope/energy-dispersion X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis in both polypropylene and Gore-Tex™ membrane filter socks. The major filter-plugging components were calcium sulfate (gypsum), calcium phosphate (hydroxylapatite), aluminosilicate clays, metal sulfides, and carbon. We carried out detailed sample analysis of both the standard acid-washing procedure and a modified procedure. Filter plugging by gypsum and metal sulfides appeared to occur because of the acid-washing procedure. Gypsum formation on the filter resulted from significant hydrolysis of sulfamic acid solution at temperatures greater than 130°F. Modification of the acid-washing procedure greatly reduced the amount of gypsum and addition of a surfactant to the acid reduced wash time and mobilized some of the carbon from the filter. With surfactant, acid washing was 95% complete after 40 min.

Bis(μ-carboxylato)dienerhodium(I) Complexes - Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Activity

2008 ◽  
Vol 73 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 1205-1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Zedník ◽  
Jan Sedláček ◽  
Jan Svoboda ◽  
Jiří Vohlídal ◽  
Dmitrij Bondarev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Spectroscopic Methods ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

Dinuclear rhodium(I) η2:η2-cycloocta-1,5-diene (series a) and η2:η2-norborna-2,5-diene (series b) complexes with μ-RCOO- ligands, where R is linear C21H43 (complexes 1a, 1b), CH2CMe3 (2a, 2b), 1-adamantyl (3a, 3b) and benzyl (4a, 4b), have been prepared and characterized by spectroscopic methods. Structures of complexes 2b, 3a and 4a were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. Complexes prepared show low to moderate catalytic activity in polymerization of phenylacetylene in THF giving high-cis-transoid polymers, but they show only oligomerization activity in dichloromethane.

A study on using expanded perlite with hydroxyapatite: Reinforced bio-composites

2021 ◽  
pp. 095441192199656
Author(s):  
Erdoğan Karip ◽  
Mehtap Muratoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Body Fluid ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Cold Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Expanded Perlite ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Pressing Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Ft Ir

People are exposed to different kinds of diseases or various accidents in life. Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been widely employed for bone treatment applications. In this study, HA was extracted from sheep bones. Bio-composites were doped with 1, 5, and 10 wt.% of expanded perlite and 5 wt.% of ZrO2–MgO-P2O5. The bio-composites were prepared by the cold isostatic pressing method (250 MPa) and sintered at 900°C for 1 h. In order to evaluate the characteristics of the bio-composites, microhardness, density, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analyses were carried out on them. Additionally, the specimens whose characteristics were determined were kept in synthetic body fluid (SBF), and their in vitro behavior was examined. As a result, it was observed that microhardness increased as both the weight and the grain size of the expanded perlite were increased. Calcium silicate, tri-calcium phosphate, and hydroxyapatite were observed in the XRD analysis of all samples, and the formation of apatite structures was increased by addition of ZrO2–MgO–P2O5.

scholarly journals Biodiesel Production on Monometallic Pt, Pd, Ru, and Ag Catalysts Supported on Natural Zeolite

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Pawel Mierczynski ◽  
Magdalena Mosińska ◽  
Lukasz Szkudlarek ◽  
Karolina Chalupka ◽  
Misa Tatsuzawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Yield Values ◽  
Temperature Programmed

Biodiesel production from rapeseed oil and methanol via transesterification reaction facilitated by various monometallic catalyst supported on natural zeolite (NZ) was investigated. The physicochemical characteristics of the synthesized catalysts were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method (BET), temperature-programmed-reduction in hydrogen (H2-TPR), temperature-programmed-desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD), Scanning Electron Microscope equipped with EDX detector (SEM-EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) methods. The highest activity and methyl ester yields were obtained for the Pt/NZ catalyst. This catalyst showed the highest triglycerides conversion of 98.9% and fatty acids methyl esters yields of 94.6%. The activity results also confirmed the high activity of the carrier material (NZ) itself in the investigated reaction. Support material exhibited 90.5% of TG conversion and the Fatty Acid Methyl Esters yield (FAME) of 67.2%. Introduction of noble metals improves the TG conversion and FAME yield values. Increasing of the metal loading from 0.5 to 2 wt.% improves the reactivity properties of the investigated catalysts.

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