scholarly journals A Review of Existing Transtibial Bionic Prosthesis: Mechanical Design, Actuators and Power Transmission

2022 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
Ade Reza Ismawan ◽  
Rifky Ismail ◽  
Tony Prahasto ◽  
Mochammad Ariyanto ◽  
Budi Setiyana
Keyword(s):  
Gait Cycle ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Human Gait ◽  
Transtibial Prosthesis ◽  
Selection Of

Transtibial and transfemoral amputations are the most common amputations in the world, loss of lower extremity result in impaired function extremities and also body balance. A prosthesis is a medical device designed to replace a specific body part to restore function to a body part lost due to an accident or disease. Most doctors strongly recommend the use of a prosthesis so that patients can return to normal activities after undergoing an amputation. Besides functioning to support beauty, the use of prostheses is also to restore the quality of life of prosthetic users, the issue of metabolic energy consumption when walking is also very important in designing transtibial bionic prosthesis because it involves the comfort of the user transtibial prosthesis. Most of the existing transtibial prosthesis products in Indonesia are conventional passive transtibial foot products, and passive prosthesis users show a limp or asymmetrical gait pattern so that conventional passive prosthesis users experience discomfort when walking in the form of pain in the amputated leg and normal foot, which can cause secondary musculoskeletal injuries such as joint disorders. Passive prostheses cannot generate propulsive force during push-off phase (terminal stance and preswing) of the human gait cycle. The use of passive prostheses can also consume 20-30% more metabolic energy while walking so that it can cause fatigue for the user. Transtibial bionic prosthesis research is growing, transtibial bionic prosthesis can overcome the weakness of passive prosthesis because it can produce push-off during gait cycle and several researchers have shown that bionic prostheses are capable of mimicking the human gait, as well as improve the  performance in a more natural gait and normal walking. This study aims to study the existing transtibial bionic prosthesis by comparing between 6 existing designs of powered ankle or transtibial bionic prosthesis that have been published in several publications. The discussion focuses on the design and mechanical systems, actuators related to the selection of motors and drive mechanisms as well as power transmission from actuators to moving components.

scholarly journals Human Gait Cycle Analysis Using Kinect V2 Sensor

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Péter Müller ◽  
Ádám Schiffer
Keyword(s):  
Gait Cycle ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Human Gait ◽  
Skeleton Model ◽  
Kinect V2 ◽  
Reduced Mobility

Examining a human movement can provide a wealth of information about a patient’s medical condition. The examination process can be used to diagnose abnormal changes (lesions), ability development and monitor the rehabilitation process of people with reduced mobility. There are several approaches to monitor people, among other things with sensors and various imaging and processing devices. In this case a Kinect V2 sensor and a self-developed LabView based application was used, to examine the movement of the lower limbs. The ideal gait pattern was recorded in the RoboGait training machine and the measured data was used to identify the phases of the human gait. During the evaluation, the position of the skeleton model, the associated body joints and angles can be calculated. The pre-recorded ideal and natural gait cycle can be compared.With the self-developed method the pre-recorded ideal and natural gait cycle can be compared and processed for further evaluation. The evaluated measurement data confirm that a reliable and mobile solution for gait analysis has been created.

Application of Variational Geometry to the Analysis of Mechanical Tolerances

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Martino ◽  
G. A. Gabriele
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Worst Case Analysis ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Tolerance Design ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Geometric Tolerances ◽  
Solid Models ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The proper selection of tolerances is an important part of mechanical design that can have a significant impact on the cost and quality of the final product. Yet, despite their importance, current techniques for tolerance design are rather primitive and often based on experience and trial and error. Better tolerance design methods have been proposed but are seldom used because of the difficulty in formulating the necessary design equations for practical problems. In this paper we propose a technique for the automatic formulation of the design equations, or design functions, which is based on the use of solid models and variational geometry. A prototype system has been developed which can model conventional and statistical tolernaces, and a limited set of geometric tolerances. The prototype system is limited to the modeling of single parts, but can perform both a worst case analysis and a statistical analysis. Results on several simple parts with known characteristics are presented which demonstrate the accuracy of the system and the types of analysis it can perform. The paper concludes with a discussion of extensions to the prototype system to a broader range of geometry and the handling of assemblies.

Modeling and Simulation of an Assistive Exoskeleton Leg System with Knee Osteoarthritis and Quadriceps Weakness

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Iscan ◽  
Cuneyt Yilmaz ◽  
Berkem Vural ◽  
Huseyin Eken
Keyword(s):  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Feedback Linearization ◽  
Gait Cycle ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Human Locomotion ◽  
Human Gait ◽  
Quadriceps Weakness ◽  
The Common ◽  
Adequate Data

Abstract The most common human locomotion problems such as quadriceps weakness, knee osteoarthritis can be healed up by using exoskeleton mechanisms with proper control systems. However, these kinds of abnormalities cannot be easily modeled in terms of engineering perspectives due to a lack of adequate data or unknown dynamics. Also, nature always seeks minimum energy as well as biology which means that the unknown dynamics can be built by using this phenomenon. In this study, a new system dynamic model had been involved in designing a simple single-legged exoskeleton robot mechanism and its control system to assist partially disabled individuals to improve their quality of locomotion. To determine the specific features of the human gait disorders to interpret their nature in the computer-aided simulation environment, knee osteoarthritis and quadriceps weakness, which are the common types of such problems, have been chosen as the main interests for this study. By using the lower limb model with anthropometric data, the simulations of disorders have been realized on MATLAB Simscape environment which enables us to model the entire exoskeleton system with the 3D parts of the human body. A model of a leg with the disorder was able to be obtained with the utilization of feedback linearization which is one of the examples of minimum principles in the control theory. A proper gait cycle is achieved with the exoskeleton application and separately for the leg, with approximately 10 deg deviation from the natural property in knee flexion. Finally, it can be seen that the system conversion into such problematic cases with or without an exoskeleton system is accomplished.

A Control Strategy for an Active Alignment Transtibial Prosthesis

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew LaPrè ◽  
Frank Sup
Keyword(s):  
Gait Cycle ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Adaptive Controller ◽  
Residual Limb ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Prosthetic Foot ◽  
Transtibial Prosthesis ◽  
Finite State ◽  
New Type ◽  
Walking Speeds

This paper presents a control approach for an experimental transtibial prosthesis that can actively realign the residual limb in relation to prosthetic foot during the stance phase of gait. The realignment objective is to inject positive power into the gait cycle while actively reducing the magnitude of the sagittal moment transferred to the residual limb. The altered gait dynamics of this new type of prosthesis require a control approach that coordinates its function with a user’s gait cycle. This paper overviews the mechanical design of the prosthesis development, the proposed finite-state adaptive controller, and presents experimental results for constant cadence walking and adaptation while changing walking speeds.

Analysis of Thyristor Switched Three-Phase Capacitor

2013 ◽  
Vol 722 ◽  
pp. 311-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Xiang Yan ◽  
Xiao Lan Xie ◽  
Xin Yu Chen ◽  
Peng Niu
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Power ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Switching Time ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
Voltage Quality ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Selection Of

it can limit the reactive power transmission to improve the voltage quality of power grid by installing parallel capacitors for reactive power compensation. But due to presence of transient transition process during power capacitors switching, it will seriously affect the service life of power capacitors and the safe operation of power system if the switching process of capacitors is not properly controlled. Firstly, this article described the fundamental principle and switching conditions of Thyristor Switched Capacitor (TSC). Secondly, the selection of switching time was analyzed for Thyristor Switched Three-phase Capacitor (TSTC). Finally, the simulation for TSTC was carried out by using MATLAB to verify the feasibility of analysis.

scholarly journals Quantitative Inference in a Mechanical Design “Compiler”

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Ward ◽  
W. P. Seering
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimal Selection ◽  
High Level Language ◽  
Hydraulic Power ◽  
Detailed Design ◽  
High Level ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract This paper introduces the theory underlying a computer program that takes as input a schematic of a mechanical or hydraulic power transmission system, plus specifications and a utility function, and returns catalog numbers from predefined catalogs for the optimal selection of components implementing the design. Unlike programs for designing single components or systems, this program provides the designer with a high level “language“ in which to compose new designs. It then performs much of the detailed design process. The process of “compilation”, or transformation from a high to a low level description, is based on a formalization of quantitative inferences about hierarchically organized sets of artifacts and operating conditions. This allows design compilation without the exhaustive enumeration of alternatives. The paper introduces the formalism, illustrating its use with examples. It then outlines some differences from previous work, and summarizes early tests and conclusions.

Material and Posture Modeling for Sleeping on Soft Low-Density Porous Material

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Yamaguchi ◽  
Hajime Kimura ◽  
Atsushi Sakuma ◽  
Kazushige Takahashi ◽  
Shigetoshi Mimura
Keyword(s):  
Physical Model ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Body Part ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Physical Parameters

Sleeping is one of the most important factors that influence the quality of human life, and this state of existence should be thoroughly investigated to improve the quality of the life. The mechanical design of bedding has great influence on the comfort of a mattress. Thus, objective and conventional techniques to evaluate the mechanics of mattress comfort could help improve the quality of sleep. In this report, an analysis technique for the assessment of the sleeping posture of humans is presented to facilitate the development of mattress design technology. Herein, an analytical model which imitates the human body has been formulated to determine the design parameters of a mass-spring-joint system on a soft underlay. The physical model is composed of five components that represent the head, chest, hip, femur, and calf, with each body part being represented by a simple ball model. The spring joint connecting the five parts reflects the neck, lumbar, hip, and knee joints. The specifications of the body model are determined by actual measurements and previous studies. In order to determine the physical properties of the mattress, two types of mattress urethane foam material are tested using the ball indenter method. The parameters include Young’s modulus, plateau stress, and other physical parameters. Variation due to the type of mattress has been observed in the laying test using a pressure distribution sensor sheet. In the analysis performed using the physical model, the variation in the lying posture and the extent of body sinking are observed to be the same during experiments. Both variations are compared using the change in force distribution in each body part. In conclusion, it was found that the observed changes in distribution are the same in the experimental and physical models. Therefore, the proposed model reliably reflects the design characteristics of the mattress.

Development of a Lower Limb Orthosis to Form Neuromuscular Patterning

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla A. Camarillo–Gómez ◽  
Gerardo I. Pérez-Soto ◽  
Luis A. Torres-Rico
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Control System ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Gait Cycle ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Human Gait

In this paper, a lower limb orthosis is proposed to form the human gait neuromuscular patterns in patients with myelomeningocele. The orthosis has two lower limbs of 2–DOF each which reduces the motion of the hip and knee to the sagittal plane. The orthosis are assembled in a back support which also supports the patients weight. The control system for the orthosis allows to reproduce in a repetitive, controlled and autonomous way the human gait cycle at different velocities according to the patient requirements; so that, the neuromuscular patterning can be supervised by a therapist. The development of these orthosis seeks to improve the quality of life of those infants with myelomenigocele and to introduce a lower cost Mexican technology with Mexican anthropometric dimensions.

A Low-Dimensional Sagittal-Plane Forward-Dynamic Model for Asymmetric Gait and Its Application to Study the Gait of Transtibial Prosthesis Users

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Srinivasan ◽  
E. R. Westervelt ◽  
A. H. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Joint Torque ◽  
Human Gait ◽  
Joint Power ◽  
Prosthetic Foot ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Transtibial Prosthesis ◽  
Low Dimensional ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Asymmetric Gait

This paper presents an extension of a recently developed low-dimensional modeling approach for normal human gait to the modeling of asymmetric gait. The asymmetric model is applied to analyze the gait dynamics of a transtibial prosthesis user, specifically the changes in joint torque and joint power costs that occur with variations in sagittal-plane alignment of the prosthesis, mass distribution of the prosthesis, and roll-over shape of the prosthetic foot being used. The model predicts an increase in cost with addition of mass and a more distal location of the mass, as well as the existence of an alignment at which the costs are minimized. The model’s predictions also suggest guidelines for the selection of prosthetic feet and suitable alignments. The results agree with clinical observations and results of other gait studies reported in the literature. The model can be a useful analytical tool for more informed design and selection of prosthetic components, and provides a basis for making the alignment process systematic.

scholarly journals Quantitative Inference in a Mechanical Design ‘Compiler’

1993 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Ward ◽  
W. P. Seering
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimal Selection ◽  
High Level Language ◽  
Hydraulic Power ◽  
Detailed Design ◽  
High Level ◽  
Selection Of

This paper presents the ideas underlying a computer program that takes as input a schematic of a mechanical or hydraulic power transmission system, plus specifications and a utility function, and returns catalog numbers from predefined catalogs for the optimal selection of components implementing the design. Unlike programs for designing single components or systems, this program provides the designer with a high level “language” in which to compose new designs. It then performs some of the detailed design process for him. The process of “compilation,” or transformation from a high to a low level description, is based on a formalization of quantitative inferences about hierarchically organized sets of artifacts and operating conditions. This allows design compilation without the exhaustive enumeration of alternatives. The paper introduces the formalism, illustrating its use with examples. It then outlines some differences from previous work, and summarizes early tests and conclusions.

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