scholarly journals Synergistic Potential of the Leaves of Aspillia africana (Compositae) and Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae) Against Some Selected Bacterial and Fungal Isolates

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Foluso Ologundudu ◽  
OLADELE IDRIS
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Staphyloccocus Aureus ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Background: The plethora of secondary metabolites inherent in plants that could be synthesized and formulated into useful drugs for the treatment of diseases is not fully understood. This study was carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of the leaves of Aspillia africana and Psidium  guajava plants on some selected bacterial and fungal isolates.Methodology: Fresh and matured leaves of Aspillia africana and Psidium guajava were collected at the Federal College of Agriculture, Akure and Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU), Ile-Ife. The plants were identified and voucher deposited at the Herbarium unit of the Department of Botany, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-ife. The pure isolates of the bacteria and fungi were obtained from Department of Microbiology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The bacteria isolates were maintained on nutrient agar slant and the fungal isolates on PDA. Extraction of the plant materials using methanol, ethanol and aqueous fractions were carried out using standard protocols. The isolates were inoculated on a nutrient broth. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the extracts was determined by broth dilution method while minimal bactericidal and fungicidal concentrations respectively were determined following established protocols.Results: The results showed that Bacillus cereus, Cornybacterium pyogenes, Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli were all resistant to the plant extracts. The fungal isolates; Candida albicans, Tryptophyton rubrum, Penicillium expansium, and Aspergillus flavus were resistant to Psidium guajava extract as no significant activity was observed. All the plant extracts produced considerable antimicrobial activities with Streptococcus faecalis and Staphyloccocus. aureus. whereas, these organisms were resistant to ofloxacin, sparfloxacin, chloramphenicol, augmentin, ciprofloxacin and septrin.Conclusion: This study revealed that the therapeutic properties of Aspillia africana and Psidium guajava are better enhanced with their synergistic potential to the tested microorganisms.Keywords: Aspillia africana; Bactericidal; Psidium guajava; Synergistic;therapeutic.Background: The plethora of secondary metabolites inherent in plants that could be synthesized and formulated into useful drugs for the treatment of diseases is not fully understood. This study was carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of the leaves of Aspillia africana and Psidium  guajava plants on some selected bacterial and fungal isolates.Methodology: Fresh and matured leaves of Aspillia africana and Psidium guajava were collected at the Federal College of Agriculture, Akure and Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU), Ile-Ife. The plants were identified and voucher deposited at the Herbarium unit of the Department of Botany, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-ife. The pure isolates of the bacteria and fungi were obtained from Department of Microbiology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The bacteria isolates were maintained on nutrient agar slant and the fungal isolates on PDA. Extraction of the plant materials using methanol, ethanol and aqueous fractions were carried out using standard protocols. The isolates were inoculated on a nutrient broth. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the extracts was determined by broth dilution method while minimal bactericidal and fungicidal concentrations respectively were determined following established protocols.Results: The results showed that Bacillus cereus, Cornybacterium pyogenes, Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli were all resistant to the plant extracts. The fungal isolates; Candida albicans, Tryptophyton rubrum, Penicillium expansium, and Aspergillus flavus were resistant to Psidium guajava extract as no significant activity was observed. All the plant extracts produced considerable antimicrobial activities with Streptococcus faecalis and Staphyloccocus. aureus. whereas, these organisms were resistant to ofloxacin, sparfloxacin, chloramphenicol, augmentin, ciprofloxacin and septrin.Conclusion: This study revealed that the therapeutic properties of Aspillia africana and Psidium guajava are better enhanced with their synergistic potential to the tested microorganisms. 

scholarly journals ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES AND PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF FERN, LYGODIUM FLEXUOSUM (LINN) SW.

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-91
Author(s):  
Jeeshna M.V
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Polar Solvent ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Active Constituent ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Investigation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Rhizopus Sp

The present study revealed the presence of many medicinally active constituent in Lygodium flexuosum, suggesting that this species have potential to synthesize useful secondary metabolites. In this studies two different types (vegetative material and sporophyll bearing type) of this species showed the presence of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenols and glycosides. In which vegetative material showed the presence of all secondary metabolites. The low polar solvent extracts such as petroleum ether and acetone showed minimum presence of secondary metabolites. The antibacterial studies revealed that methanol extracts of sporophyll type exhibited significant activity (8.5 mm) against the bacterium, Klebsiella pneumonia. The next antibacterial activity showed by chloroform extracts of sporophyll type against the same bacteria (8.2 mm). In antifungal studies, methanol extracts of vegetative material has the highest inhibitory activity (19.3 mm) against the fungus Cladosporium sp. Next higher fungal activity was showed by same extract of sporophyll type against the fungus Rhizopus sp. (16.08 mm). The study confirms the antimicrobial potential of Lygodium flexuosum extracted using various solvents.

scholarly journals Phytochemical study and antimicrobial activity of Algerian Marrubium vulgare leaf and stem extracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
Nadia BENZIDANE ◽  
Ridha SMAHI ◽  
Boudjemaa ZABOUCHE ◽  
Abdelhalim MAKROUF ◽  
Lekhmici ARRAR
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Staphyloccocus Aureus ◽  
Marrubium Vulgare ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Marrubium vulgare is used worldwide as a source of food flavor and for medicinal purposes. The aim of this study is to investigate polyphenol and flavonoid contents of M. vulgare extracts and their antimicrobial activities. Extraction was conducted using methanol and hexane. The determination of polyphenol content was realized with folin ciocalteu method and flavonoids using AlCl3. Rouph characterization of these compounds was done with HPLC method. Activity against bacteria and fungi was also studied. Results showed that methanolic extracts of leaves (LME) and stems SME) contain relatively high levels of polyphenols ad flavonoids.  Except for hexane extract, all extracts from leaves and stems possess antibacterial and antifungal effects especially against Staphyloccocus aureus and Candida albicans. This finding suggests that M. vulgare methanolic extracts could serve as a basic material for the preparation of antimicrobial drugs. Keywords: Marrubium vulgare, polyphenols, flavonoids, antibacterial, antifungal activities.

scholarly journals Assessment of analgesic and antipyretic activity of traditional formula used in the treatment of seasonal infections

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
Kugalur Ganesan Parthiban ◽  
Senthil Kumar Natesan ◽  
Ganesan Sekar ◽  
Krishnamoorthi Mahalakshm
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Antipyretic Activity ◽  
Liquid Dosage Form

Traditional treatments and medicines are the main sometimes the only source of health care for millions of people living in rural areas of developing countries. The aim of the present study is to investigate the analgesic and antipyretic activity of individual plant extracts and poly-herbal formula [PHF] made in to liquid dosage form of three different doses in albino rats. The plant materials were extracted in boiling distilled water for six hours, filtered, concentrated and dried. The aqueous extracts were prepared in to poly-herbal liquid dosage form by using water, glycerol mixture and acacia 2% in three different preparation of varying extract doses.1ml of above preparations orally fed for investigation. Pentozocine and paracetamol was used as standard drugs respectively. For individual plants the extracts were suspended in 2% acacia solution and performed. The results of analgesic and anti-pyretic activity of PHF 1 and PHF 2 showed significant results (P<0.01 and P<0.05 respectively) and PHF3 did not show any significant results. In the individual plant extracts slightly significant activity (P<0.05) was observed.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v2i9.16075 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, August 2013, 2(9): 143-147

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of essential oils of Juniperus phoenicea from North Western Algeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 01
Author(s):  
G. Bachir Raho ◽  
M. Otsmane ◽  
F. Sebaa
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Variable Degree ◽  
Juniperus Phoenicea ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Western Algeria

Juniperus phoenicea (Family: Cupressaceae) is an evergreen tree widely distributed in North Africa including Algeria. The aim of this investigation was to analyse the antimicrobial potential of essential oils from J. phoenicea on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Streptococcus sp, Bacillus sp and Candida albicans using wells and discs diffusion methods. Broth dilution method was utilized to study the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC). The results showed a variable degree of antimicrobial activity. The diameters of inhibition zones for all test organisms were in the ranges of 7–21 mm, while MIC was from 62.5 to >500µl/ml and MBC from 250 to >500µl/ml. The highest antimicrobial activities were observed against Gram positive bacteria followed by Gram negative ones then Candida albicans. The findings provide the evidence that J. phoenicea as a good medicinal plant for further investigations. 

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND EVALUATION OF IN-VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF DROSERA SPATULATA VAR BAKOENSIS- AN INDIGENOUS CARNIVOROUS PLANT AGAINST RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIOUS MICROBES.

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 274
Author(s):  
Chidepudi D S L N Tulasi
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Objective: In the present study, the phytochemical constituents of Drosera spatulata, have been evaluated and antimicrobial activity was screened against respiratory tract infectious microbes.Methods: The phytochemicals present in Drosera spatulata by qualitative phytochemical assays and the antimicrobial activity along with MIC, MBC and BIC were determined against S. aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia and S.Pneumonia the causative organisms of pulmonary infections, mainly effects the nasal pharynx, trachea, and lungs as well as Aspergillus niger.Results: Aqueous, ethanol, methanol extracts of thick roots, open flower and hair of Drosera spatulata var bakoensis against this pathogenic bacteria and fungi showed high zone of inhibition which estimated by disc-diffusion method as well as minimum inhibition concentration manifestation by the broth microdilution assay followed MBC and BIC. The values of MIC, MBC and BIC obtained were between 0.3-0.9, 0.36-2.25, 0.12 - 0.37 mg/mL. The results revealed that the plant extracts of Drosera spatulata var bakoensis have high potential even at low concentrations values against bacteria and fungi cultures and this results validated by the presence of high amounts of alkaloids, quinones, anthraquinones, flavonoids in the plant extracts. Conclusion: In the present study, the results showed the presence of high amounts of alkaloids, flavonoids, quninoes, anthraquinones, terpinoids in Drasera spatulata plant.  In the antibacterial and antifungal activity, the ethanol and methanol extracts significantly showed the activity against the tested respiratory disease causing bacteria and antifungal properties with zone of inhibition showed more than aqueous extracts at very low concentrations

scholarly journals Middle Eastern Plant Extracts: An Alternative to Modern Medicine Problems

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Disha Varijakzhan ◽  
Chou-Min Chong ◽  
Aisha Abushelaibi ◽  
Kok-Song Lai ◽  
Swee-Hua Erin Lim
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Middle Eastern countries are primarily known for their dry sand deserts; however, they have a wider physiographic range which includes upland plateau and mountain ranges. The Middle East is home to various types of plants, such as Phoenix dactylifera (date palm tree), Scrophularia striata (herbaceous plants), and Opuntia ficus-indica (cactus). These plants have been found to have various types of bioactivities, such as antimicrobial activities against both bacteria and fungi, in addition to exhibiting anti-inflammatory effects and anti-cancer characteristics which can be utilized in the clinical setting for treatment. Due to limited reviews focusing on plant extracts from the Middle East, we aim to provide a discourse on plants from this region which have various bioactivities and to provide information on the compounds that can be identified from these plants. This is to enhance our understanding to improve modern medicine problems such as antimicrobial resistance and to find an alternative cure for cancer. It is hoped that the collation of information from this review will enable an assessment of the direct role of Middle Eastern plants in providing therapeutic options to address the predicaments in the medical field.

Graph Theoretical Analysis, In Silico Modeling, Synthesis, Anti-Microbial and Anti-TB Evaluation of Novel Quinoxaline Derivatives

Drug Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (05) ◽  
pp. 250-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Govindaraj Saravanan ◽  
Theivendren Selvam ◽  
Veerachamy Alagarsamy ◽  
Selvaraj Kunjiappan ◽  
Shrinivas Joshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Graph Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Study Report ◽  
Group Variation ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Abstract Background We designed to synthesize a number of 2-(2-(substituted benzylidene) hydrazinyl)-N-(4-((3-(phenyl imino)-3,4-dihydro quinoxalin-2(1 H)-ylidene)amino) phenyl) acetamide S1-S13 with the hope to obtain more active and less toxic anti-microbial and anti-TB agents. Methods A series of novel quinoxaline Schiff bases S1-S13 were synthesized from o-phenylenediamine and oxalic acid by a multistep synthesis. In present work, we are introducing graph theoretical analysis to identify drug target. In the connection of graph theoretical analysis, we utilised KEGG database and Cytoscape software. All the title compounds were evaluated for their in-vitro anti-microbial activity by using agar well diffusion method at three different concentration levels (50, 100 and 150 µg/ml). The MIC of the compounds was also determined by agar streak dilution method. Results The identified study report through graph theoretical analysis were highlights that the key virulence factor for pathogenic mycobacteria is a eukaryotic-like serine/threonine protein kinase, termed PknG. All compounds were found to display significant activity against entire tested bacteria and fungi. In addition the synthesized scaffolds were screened for their in vitro antituberculosis (anti-TB) activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strain H37Ra using standard drug Rifampicin. Conclusion A number of analogs found markedly potent anti-microbial and anti-TB activity. The relationship between the functional group variation and the biological activity of the evaluated compounds were well discussed. The observed study report was showing that the compound S6 (4-nitro substitution) exhibited most potent effective anti-microbial and anti-TB activity out of various tested compounds.

scholarly journals Botanical Control of Late Blight of Potato

1970 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
BL Maharjan ◽  
K Shreshta ◽  
S Basnyat
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Late Blight ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Eupatorium Adenophorum ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Late Blight Of Potato

Late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) De Bary is one of the most devastating diseases of potato. Although a large number of synthetic fungicides have been recommended to control this organism, most of them have proved to be pollutive, carcinogenic and the pathogen develops resistance quickly. Botanical control is one of the safe substitutes to be explored to control this phytopathogen. In the present study an attempt has been made to evaluate the antifungal activity of plant extracts against the above pathogen. Crude ethanolic extracts of five different plant materials viz. Brassica nigra, Cinnamomum camphora, Eupatorium adenophorum, Lantana camara and Melia azedarach were screened and tested against the fungal isolate of P. infestans. The antifungal activity of the crude extracts was evaluated by agar well diffusion method and two fold broth dilution method. The moisture content was highest in the twigs of L. camara and lowest in the cake of B. nigra. C. camphora gave the highest yield of 70% while M. azedarach had the lowest yield of (9.75%) of crude extracts. B. nigra was found most effective against P. infestans with both MIC and MFC values at 6.25mg/ml while C. camphora was found least effective. Different types of plant extracts with different concentrations significantly (P<0.05) inhibited the growth of the pathogen. The extracts used in this experiment were found to be suitable for the control of the pathogen. Key words: botanical control; antifungal; MIC; ZOI; MFC DOI: 10.3126/njst.v11i0.4087Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 11 (2010) 37-40

scholarly journals Potential antimicrobial effects of pharmacognostic drugs

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 16-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvira E. Kovač-Bešović ◽  
Kemal Durić ◽  
Fahra Bašić ◽  
Džemo Subašić ◽  
Jasminka Imamović
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Antimicrobial Effects ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Microbiological Analyses ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

Pharmacognostic aspect, in treating of natural medicinal materials and medicinal of natural origin, is presented by very complex group of analytical and applicative methods. They are applied by means of identification, purities and quality of natural medicinal materials of vegetal, animal or mineral origin, more precisely of pharmacognostic drugs. A great number of drugs and their isolated products show the antimicrobial activities. The chemical substances, which are present in drugs, are currier of antimicrobial activities manifested by action on different bacteria, fungus, parasites and even viruses. The whole series of methods for analyzing of antimicrobial effects of drugs and the medicines in general are treated by scientific discipline microbiology. In order to complete the pharmacognostic analyses of drugs and there medicinal products, the microbiological analyses take a very important role. The antimicrobial and antifungal effects of series of plant materials, of pharmacognosticdrugs against the large number of bacteria and fungus Candida have been carried out. The drugs we analyzed were treated from their chemical point of view and that is the presence of: coumarins, mucus and anthraquinones. The contents of these substances in plant material were analyzed by method of thin layer chromatography that was published preliminary. The antimicrobial effects of analyzed drugs were determinate by using dilution method in antimicrobial analyses which have been carried out with decocts of drugs.

scholarly journals VOLATILE COMPOSITION, ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTY AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES AGAINST FOOD-BORNE BACTERIA OF VIETNAMESE THYME (Thymus vulgaris L.) ESSENTIAL OIL

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (3B) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cung Thi To Quynh ◽  
Vu Thu Trang
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Inhibition Zones ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

The essential oil (EO) obtained from the leaves of the thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) grown in Vietnam was found to contain thymol (39.79%), cymene (17.33%), and γ-terpinene (13.45%) as the main volatile components. The antimicrobial activities of this oil were screened against several food-borne bacteria and fungi species. Significant growth inhibition effects against food-borne bacteria Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Salmonella Typhimurium were observed using the standard disc diffusion method. Thyme EO showed the antibacterial effect against all the test pathogenic strains with the inhibition zones were 23.3 ± 0.4 mm, 24.7 ± 0.4 mm, 29.0 ± 0.7 mm, 32 ± 0.7 mm in diameter against B. subtilis,  E. coli, S. Typhimurium and S. aureus, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determined by micro-dilution method in MHB liquid medium was 1.56 µl/ml. The bactericidal concentrations (MBC) was 3.13 µl/ml for three isolates from B. subtilis,  E. coli, and S. aureus, while the MBC tested for S. typhi was 1.56 µl/ml. The antifungal properties of the thyme EO were also determined in this study against three important pathogenic fungi such as Candida albicans, Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum with the inhibition zones ranging approximately from 23.20 ± 0.06 to 44.10 ± 0.03 mm. On the other hands, the results also showed the antioxidant activity of Vietnamese thyme EO and suggested that thyme EO can be applied in food industries as natural flavoring preservatives/additives to control food spoilage and food born bacteria and fungi.

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