scholarly journals Penggunaan Bahan Bakar Alternatif dalam Pengelolaan Tambang Batubara sebagai Sumber Energi yang Ramah terhadap Lingkungan

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
Frances Roi Seston Tampubolon ◽  
Arief Sabdo Yuwono ◽  
Armansyah Halomoan Tambunan ◽  
Noer Azam Achsani
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Impact Category ◽  
Land Clearing ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
Goal And Scope

Penggunaan alternative di masa masa seperti sekarang ini sangat diperlukan. Hal yang paling signfikan adalah penggunaan bahan bakar untuk pengolahan bahan mineral seperti batubara, nikel, tembaga dan lain sebagainya. Dengan penggunaan bahan bakar alternative akan memberikan solusi apabila dibandingkan dengan penggunaan bahan bakar fosil seperti minyak bumi yang sebentar lagi akan mulai habis. Batubara berkontribusi terhadap hujan asam dan kabut asap, terutama ketika dibakar tanpa scrubber. Studi LCA lengkap yang berisi analisis dampak (endpoint impact category) berdasarkan beberapa kategori kesehatan manusia (human health), ekosistem (ecosystem), dan sumber daya air (water resources). Analisis siklus hidup ini dilakukan untuk jenis logam di industri pertambangan. Analisis siklus hidup digunakan untuk menganalisis dampaknya terhadap kesehatan manusia dan pemanasan global. Akan dibutuhkan pengolahan dan penggunaan bahan bakar alternative tersebut sebagai sumber energi. Di dalam penelitian pengolahan data akan sangat dibutuhkan apabila pada saat melihat pengaruh dari penggunaan bahan bakar alternative terhadap kondisi lingkungan yang ada di sekitarnya. Dampak penggunaan listrik yang dikonsumsi untuk proses penambangan akan memberikan pengaruh terhadap meningkatnya efek pada pemanasan global. Fuzzy logic yang akan dikombinasikan dengan penggunaan metode LCA di dalam penelitian ini untuk membantu proses di dalam hal mengumpulkan data menggunakan kuesioner yang dipandu selama fase tujuan dan ruang lingkup (goal and scope) dan analisis persediaan. Selanjutnya metode open LCA untuk melihat hasil yang diperoleh dari data sekunder pada database yang diperoleh sebagai data sekunder. Dari hasil penelitian memberikan nilai 2,5 untuk proses land clearing dan top soil hauling dan nilai 2 untuk over burden stripping nilai 2 over burden disposal, nilai 2 untuk coal hauling dan hasil output memberikan nilai 0,529 untuk global warming potential.

Life Cycle Assessment of Green Production of Glass Substrate

2020 ◽  
Vol 993 ◽  
pp. 1417-1425
Author(s):  
Yu Long Wang ◽  
Xian Zheng Gong ◽  
Bo Xue Sun
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Glass Melting ◽  
Impact Category ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Photochemical Oxidation ◽  
Environmental Burden ◽  
Post Process ◽  
Acidification Potential

In this study, the LCA assessment model of CML was employed to analyze the environmental burden caused by the production of glass substrates, and the evaluation of the environmental performance of five stages of preparation of ingredients, including glass melting, precision clarification, overflow molding and post process, was also conducted. The results show that the global warming potential is the dominant impact category in the comprehensive environmental burden with a normalized value of 4.64×10-14, followed by the acidification potential (2.57×10-14), photochemical oxidation potential (2.82×10-15). And the relative contribution of abiotic depletion potential and human toxicity to the comprehensive environmental burden is rather limited, with the normalized values of 8.31×10-17 and 1.21×10-16, respectively. The single score of environmental impact due to the whole production system is 2.37×10-13, wherein the environmental impact values of the processes of preparation of ingredients, glass melting, precision clarification, overflow molding, and post are 1.07×10-15, 9.10×10-14 (highest), 2.26×10-14, 7.36×10-14, and process 4.90×10-14, respectively. The preparation of the batch, the glass melting, the overflow molding and the post process mainly cause the environmental effects of global warming potential and acidification potential, the cumulative values of which are 1.13×10-13 and 9.01×10-14, respectively. The precision clarification stage mainly causes the environmental effect of acidification potential, the value of which is 2.02×10-14 and much higher than those of other environmental impact categories.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL-IMPACT ON THE HANDLING OF THE HAZARDOUS-SLUDGE FROM THE CENTRALIZED INDUSTRIAL-WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Rijal Hakiki ◽  
Maryani Paramita Astuti ◽  
Temmy Wikaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Impact Category ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Actual Condition ◽  
Inventory Analysis ◽  
Mass Balance Calculation ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact

<strong>Aims: </strong>This study was aimed to compare the secured landfill method and thermally sludge treatment through gasification, to find out the environmental impacts that will result from both treatments. <strong>Methodology and results: </strong>The study was carried out using the “gate-to-gate LCA method”. In its implementation, limits and assumptions have been determined as an approach to the actual condition. Some of the data used include the experimental data, theoretical mass balance calculation and secondary data obtained from previous research. The study was carried out utilizing the open-source openLCA software. The four-phase in the LCA include goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, impact assessment, and data interpretation. The simulation shows that the implementation of the thermal gasification process can reduce the emission released to the atmosphere by reducing hazardous sludge volume to be transported directly to the secured landfill. <strong>Conclusion, significance and impact study: </strong>Referring to the simulation results using openLCA software, with several assumptions and adjustments made, in the scope of the study that has been determined. It can be concluded that the thermal (gasification) treatment of hazardous sludge can be studied further in connection with its implementation at the treatment plant. It is indicated by the acquisition of global warming potential impact category of 673 kg CO2 eq (for direct disposal to secured landfill) reduced around 424 kg CO2 eq (for the implementation of thermal treatment). Or in other words, there is a reduction in the magnitude of the impact to around 37%.

A Study of Ecological Products by Life Cycle Assessment in Thai Furniture Industry

2013 ◽  
Vol 431 ◽  
pp. 344-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanchai Laemlaksakul ◽  
Naratip Sangsai
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Impact Category ◽  
Furniture Industry ◽  
Lca Methodology ◽  
Seat Frame ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Office Furniture

The objective of this research was to determine the global warming potential (GWP) of office furniture in Thailand. The life cycle of product was carried out from a gate-to-gate perspective according to life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology, using global warming potential as the selected impact category. According to the results, the environmental impact of global warming is the seat backrest; seat frame and seat recline, respectively. To improve the production of seat frame, the piece that the environmental impacts of global warming as much as possible can help reduce the impact on the environment caused by the release of toxins into the air decreases..

scholarly journals Variation in Soil Properties Regulate Greenhouse Gas Fluxes and Global Warming Potential in Three Land Use Types on Tropical Peat

Atmosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiwamu Ishikura ◽  
Untung Darung ◽  
Takashi Inoue ◽  
Ryusuke Hatano
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
N2o Flux ◽  
Ch4 Flux ◽  
In The Beginning

This study investigated spatial factors controlling CO2, CH4, and N2O fluxes and compared global warming potential (GWP) among undrained forest (UDF), drained forest (DF), and drained burned land (DBL) on tropical peatland in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Sampling was performed once within two weeks in the beginning of dry season. CO2 flux was significantly promoted by lowering soil moisture and pH. The result suggests that oxidative peat decomposition was enhanced in drier position, and the decomposition acidify the peat soils. CH4 flux was significantly promoted by a rise in groundwater level, suggesting that methanogenesis was enhanced under anaerobic condition. N2O flux was promoted by increasing soil nitrate content in DF, suggesting that denitrification was promoted by substrate availability. On the other hand, N2O flux was promoted by lower soil C:N ratio and higher soil pH in DBL and UDF. CO2 flux was the highest in DF (241 mg C m−2 h−1) and was the lowest in DBL (94 mg C m−2 h−1), whereas CH4 flux was the highest in DBL (0.91 mg C m−2 h−1) and was the lowest in DF (0.01 mg C m−2 h−1), respectively. N2O flux was not significantly different among land uses. CO2 flux relatively contributed to 91–100% of GWP. In conclusion, it is necessary to decrease CO2 flux to mitigate GWP through a rise in groundwater level and soil moisture in the region.

scholarly journals Technologies Developing in Heavy Metals’ Removal from Water

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 860
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Simeonidis ◽  
Manassis Mitrakas
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Urban Wastewater ◽  
Heavy Metals Removal ◽  
Metals Removal ◽  
Drinking Water Resources

Elevated concentrations of heavy metals in drinking water resources and industrial or urban wastewater pose a serious threat to human health and the equilibrium of ecosystems [...]

scholarly journals Influence of technical and electrical equipment in life cycle assessments of buildings: case of a laboratory and research building

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Hoxha ◽  
D. Maierhofer ◽  
M.R.M Saade ◽  
A. Passer
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Electronic Equipment ◽  
Detailed Result ◽  
Detailed Calculation ◽  
System Boundary ◽  
Operational Energy

Abstract Purpose A detailed assessment of the environmental impacts of the building requires a substantial amount of data that is time- and effort-consuming. However, limitation of the system boundary to certain materials and components can provide misleading impact calculation. In order to calculate the error gap between detailed and simplified assessments, the purpose of this article is to present a detailed calculation of the environmental impacts of the building by including in the system boundary, the technical, and electrical equipment. Method To that end, the environmental impacts of a laboratory and research building situated in Graz-Austria are assessed following the EN-15978 norm. Within the system boundaries of the study, the material and components of building fabric, technical, and electronic equipment for the building lifecycle stages of production, construction, replacement, operational energy and water, and end-of-life are considered. The input data regarding the quantity of materials is collected from the design and tendering documents, invoices, and from discussion with the head of the building’s construction site. Primary energy and global warming potential indicators are calculated on the basis of a functional unit of 1 m2 of energy reference area (ERA) per year, considering a reference building service life of 50 years. Results and discussion The primary energy indicator of the building is equal to 1698 MJ/m2ERA/year. The embodied impacts are found to be responsible for 28% of which 6.4% is due to technical and electronic equipment. Furthermore, the embodied impacts for the global warming potential, equal to 28.3 kg CO2e/m2ERA/year, are responsible for 73%. Together, technical and electrical equipment are the largest responsible aspects, accounting for 38% of the total impacts. Simplified and detailed result comparisons show a gap of 29% and 7.7% for global warming and primary energy indicators. These differences were from the embodied impacts and largely from the exclusion of electrical equipment from the study’s system boundary. Conclusions Technical and electrical equipment present a significant contribution to the overall environmental impacts of the building. Worthy of inclusion in the system boundary of the study, the environmental impacts of technical and electrical equipment must be calculated in detail or considered with a reliable ratio in the early design phase of the project. Further research is necessary to address the detailed impact calculation of the equipment and notably the minimization of their impacts.

scholarly journals Environmental impacts of wooden, plastic, and wood-polymer composite pallet: a life cycle assessment approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md.Musharof Hussain Khan ◽  
Ivan Deviatkin ◽  
Jouni Havukainen ◽  
Mika Horttanainen
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Consequential Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Wood Polymer ◽  
Biogenic Carbon ◽  
Wood Polymer Composite

Abstract Purpose Waste recycling is one of the essential tools for the European Union’s transition towards a circular economy. One of the possibilities for recycling wood and plastic waste is to utilise it to produce composite product. This study analyses the environmental impacts of producing composite pallets made of wood and plastic waste from construction and demolition activities in Finland. It also compares these impacts with conventional wooden and plastic pallets made of virgin materials. Methods Two different life cycle assessment methods were used: attributional life cycle assessment and consequential life cycle assessment. In both of the life cycle assessment studies, 1000 trips were considered as the functional unit. Furthermore, end-of-life allocation formula such as 0:100 with a credit system had been used in this study. This study also used sensitivity analysis and normalisation calculation to determine the best performing pallet. Result and discussion In the attributional cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment, wood-polymer composite pallets had the lowest environmental impact in abiotic depletion potential (fossil), acidification potential, eutrophication potential, global warming potential (including biogenic carbon), global warming potential (including biogenic carbon) with indirect land-use change, and ozone depletion potential. In contrast, wooden pallets showed the lowest impact on global warming potential (excluding biogenic carbon). In the consequential life cycle assessment, wood-polymer composite pallets showed the best environmental impact in all impact categories. In both attributional and consequential life cycle assessments, plastic pallet had the maximum impact. The sensitivity analysis and normalisation calculation showed that wood-polymer composite pallets can be a better choice over plastic and wooden pallet. Conclusions The overall results of the pallets depends on the methodological approach of the LCA. However, it can be concluded that the wood-polymer composite pallet can be a better choice over the plastic pallet and, in most cases, over the wooden pallet. This study will be of use to the pallet industry and relevant stakeholders.

scholarly journals Global Warming Potential of a New Waterjet-Based Recycling Process for Cathode Materials of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Batteries ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Leonard Kurz ◽  
Mojtaba Faryadras ◽  
Ines Klugius ◽  
Frederik Reichert ◽  
Andreas Scheibe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Mechanical Removal ◽  
Increasing Demand

Due to the increasing demand for battery electric vehicles (BEVs), the need for vehicle battery raw materials is increasing. The traction battery (TB) of an electric vehicle, usually a lithium-ion battery (LIB), represents the largest share of a BEV’s CO2 footprint. To reduce this carbon footprint sustainably and to keep the raw materials within a closed loop economy, suitable and efficient recycling processes are essential. In this life cycle assessment (LCA), the ecological performance of a waterjet-based direct recycling process with minimal use of resources and energy is evaluated; only the recycling process is considered, waste treatment and credits for by-products are not part of the analysis. Primary data from a performing recycling company were mainly used for the modelling. The study concludes that the recycling of 1 kg of TB is associated with a global warming potential (GWP) of 158 g CO2 equivalents (CO2e). Mechanical removal using a water jet was identified as the main driver of the recycling process, followed by an air purification system. Compared to conventional hydro- or pyrometallurgical processes, this waterjet-based recycling process could be attributed an 8 to 26 times lower GWP. With 10% and 20% reuse of recyclate in new cells, the GWP of TBs could be reduced by 4% and 8%, respectively. It has been shown that this recycling approach can be classified as environmentally friendly.

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