scholarly journals Processing Fish Waste Into Biodiesel Using Microwave Radiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
Shintawati Dyah Purwaningrum ◽  
Sukaryo Sukaryo
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Power ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Wave Power ◽  
Reactant Ratio ◽  
Waste Oil ◽  
Fish Waste ◽  
Standard Testing

The fish waste contains a lot of oil, so there needs to be a way to treat fish waste to be more useful. One way that can be done is to process it into biodiesel. Biodiesel production begins with taking oil from fish waste by steaming, fish waste oil was analyzed for free fatty acid levels, and obtained by 1.8%. The process was continued with esterification because the FFA value was above 1%, with a reaction time of 15 minutes and a 450watt microwave power. The esterification and transesterification process were carried out in a modified microwave. This study uses a variable change in the form of micro-wave (microwave) power variations of 300, 450, 600 and 800 watts and the ratio of moles of oil to methanol 1: 6, 1:12, 1:18, 1:24. The highest yield obtained by Biodiesel in reactant ratio 1:18 variable and 600 watt microwave power by 97%, while the lowest yield in variable 1: 6 with 300 watt microwave wave power by 88%. Biodiesel from fish waste produced was analyzed using GC-MS to determine the formation of methyl esters. The methyl esters contained in the form of stearic acid with an area of 21%. Analysis of the characteristics of biodiesel density was 863 kg/m3, viscosity was 3.12 mm2/s, cetane number was 55.72. From several characteristics test of biodiesel, fish waste is included in the biodiesel requirements of the Indonesian National Standard. Testing the water content is still high above the limit set by SNI biodiesel which is equal to 0.80%.

scholarly journals RAPE SEED OIL TETRAHYDROFURFURYLESTERS

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
K. Malins ◽  
V. Kampars ◽  
R. Kampare ◽  
T. Rusakova
Keyword(s):  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Cold Filter Plugging Point ◽  
Mineral Oils

The transesterification of vegetable oil using various kinds of alcohols is a simple and efficient renewable fuel synthesis technique. Products obtained by modifying natural triglycerides in transesterification reaction substitute fossil fuels and mineral oils. Currently the most significant is the biodiesel, a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters, which is obtained in a reaction with methanol, which in turn is obtained from fossil raw materials. In biodiesel production it would be more appropriate to use alcohols which can be obtained from renewable local raw materials. Ethanol rouses interest as a possible reagent, however, its production locally is based on the use of grain and therefore competes with food production so it would implicitly cause increase in food prices. Another raw material option is alcohols that can be obtained from furfurole. Furfurole is obtained in dehydration process from pentose sugars which can be extracted from crop straw, husk and other residues of agricultural production. From furfurole the tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA), a raw material for biodiesel, can be produced. By transesterifying rapeseed oil with THFA it would be possible to obtain completely renewable biodiesel with properties very close to diesel [2-4]. With the purpose of developing the synthesis of such fuel, in this work a three-stage synthesis of rapeseed oil tetrahydrofurfurylesters (ROTHFE) in sulphuric acid presence has been performed, achieving product with purity over 98%. The most important qualitative factors of ROTHFE have been determined - cold filter plugging point, cetane number, water content, Iodine value, phosphorus content, density, viscosity and oxidative stability.

Direct Methanolysis of Oleaginous Yeast Biomass (Pseudozyma parantarctica) to Microbial Biodiesel

2017 ◽  
Vol 753 ◽  
pp. 259-263
Author(s):  
Atsdawut Areesirisuk ◽  
Chiu Hsia Chiu ◽  
Tsair Bor Yen ◽  
Jia Hsin Guo
Keyword(s):  
Oleaginous Yeast ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Intracellular Lipids ◽  
Yeast Biomass ◽  
Cellular Lipids ◽  
Astm D6751

In this study, intracellular lipids of a novel oleaginous biomass of P. parantarctica were converted to biodiesel directly using simple acid catalyst methanolysis. The optimum condition of this method was investigated. Under optimum conditions (0.1 M H2SO4, 10 h reaction time, 65°C reaction temperature, and 1:20 (w/v) biomass-to-methanol ratio), the yield of crude biodiesel was 93.18 ± 2.09% based on total cellular lipids. The composition of crude biodiesel was C16:C18 fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) for 91.91%. Especially, the C18:1 methyl ester was the main FAME (47.10%). In addition, the result showed that this technique could produce the microbial biodiesel from biomass containing high free fatty acids (FFAs) without soap formation. The predicted cetane number and kinematic viscosity of biodiesel were characterized according to ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards. Our results indicated that this process produces a good quality biodiesel. Moreover, it can decrease the manufacturing costs of microbial biodiesel production from oleaginous yeast biomass without cell disruption and lipid extraction.

scholarly journals Potential Applications of Native Cyanobacterium Isolate (Arthrospira platensis NIOF17/003) for Biodiesel Production and Utilization of Its Byproduct in Marine Rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis) Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Zaki ◽  
Mohamed Ashour ◽  
Ahmed M. M. Heneash ◽  
Mohamed M. Mabrouk ◽  
Ahmed E. Alprol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brachionus Plicatilis ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Arthrospira Platensis ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Cold Filter Plugging Point ◽  
Rotifer Brachionus Plicatilis

To achieve strong, successful and commercial aqua-biotechnological microalgae applications, screening, isolation, molecular identification, and physiological characterizations are needed. In the current study, a native cyanobacteria strain Arthrospira platensis NIOF17/003 was isolated from the surface water of El-Khadra Lake, a saline-alkaline lake located in Wadi El-Natrun, Egypt. The cyanobacterium was phylogenetically identified by 16S rRNA molecular marker and deposited in the GenBank database (accession number MW396472). The late exponential phase of A. platensis NIOF17/003 was reached at the 8th day of growth using Zarrouk medium, with a recorded dry weight (DW) of 0.845 g L−1. The isolated strain showed 52% of protein, 14% of carbohydrate, biomass productivity of 143.83 mg L−1 day−1, 8.5% of lipid, and lipid productivity of 14.37 mg L−1 day−1. In general, the values of cetane number, iodine value, cold filter plugging point (52.9, 85.5 g I2/100 g oil, and −2.2 °C, respectively) of the isolated fatty acid methyl esters are in accordance with those suggested by international standards. Besides, applying algal-free lipid (FL) as biodiesel byproduct in the production of rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis) revealed that a 0.6 g L−1 FL significantly increased the rotifer population females carrying eggs, confirming that FL can be used efficiently for B. plicatilis production. The current study concluded that the new isolate A. platensis NIOF17/003 is a promising strain for double sustainable use in biodiesel production and aquaculture feed.

Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil Using KCL/CaO as Catalyst

2014 ◽  
Vol 1044-1045 ◽  
pp. 259-262
Author(s):  
Si Yi Yu ◽  
Xin You Han ◽  
Jun Mi
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Uniform Design ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Wet Impregnation ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Wet Impregnation Method

A KCl-doped CaO solid alkali catalyst was obtained in a wet impregnation method and treated under microwave irradiation to obtain enhanced stability and activity. Then the catalyst was successfully used in the transesterification of refined waste cooking oil with methanol to produce biodiesel. A uniform design experimentation U7 (74) and regression analysis by DPS software were used to obtain the optimum conditions of transesterification at the lowest cost. Temperature 338K, catalyst amount 4.5% (wt./wt.oil) and methanol/oil molar ratio 9:1, after 90 min reaction, the fatty acid methyl esters yield reached 91.28% and the purity was over 99%, which was up to the national standard for B-100 biodiesel.

Studies on optimization of transesterification of certain oils to produce biodiesel

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Edible Oils ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Edible Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative

The oil seed production in the country presently meets only 60-70% of its total edible oil requirements and the rest is met through imports. India also has a potential of collecting 5 million tons of tree-borne oilseeds (TBO) of which only one million tons are being collected presently. The consumption of edible oil is very high in the country and still the indigenous production does not meet the demand and considerable amount of edible oil is imported and it is therefore, not advisable to divert these sources for biodiesel production. On the other hand, the non-edible oil resources can be a solution for biodiesel production. Non- edible oil from the plant seeds is the most promising alternative fuel for internal combustion engine because it is renewable, environment friendly, non-toxic, biodegradable has no sulphur and aromatics, has favourable combustion value and higher cetane number. Extensive work has been done on the transesterification of non-edible oils; however, no significant work has been done on the optimization of transesterification process, oil characterization and fuel analysis of most of the non-edible seed oils. In the present work, optimization of transesterification process and analysis of biodiesel from non-edible oil was done; based on optimized protocol for biodiesel production from non-edible oilseeds of Neem and Pongamia converted into fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) through base catalyzed transesterification using an optimum ratio of 1:6 (Oil : Methanol) at 60oC. Biodiesel from these sources was analyzed for qualitative and quantitative characterization by using, GC-MS and FT-IR techniques. Based on qualitative and quantitative analysis of biodiesel, it is concluded that the biodiesel from these species can be feasible, cost effective and environment friendly.

Biodiesel Production from Pongamia Pinnata and its Characterization using GC-MS, NMR and FT-IR Spectral Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Fernandez ◽  
V. Hariram ◽  
S. Seralathan ◽  
S.A. Harikrishnan ◽  
T. Micha Premkumar
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Spectral Studies ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Ft Ir

Biodiesel synthesis from the pongamia oil seed and its characterization is elaborated in this paper. A double stage transesterification i.e. acid catalysed transesterification and base catalysed esterification are adopted to reduce the free fatty acids content and conversion of triglycerides into methyl esters. In this process, H2SO4, NaOH and methanol are used at the methanol/oil molar ratio of 7:1. By this process, 95% of pongamia biodiesel is obtained. The physiochemical properties like calorific value, Cetane number, density, kinematic viscosity, flash point, fire point etc. are analysed and it is found to be within the ASTM standards. GC-MS analysis indicated the existence of 14 prominent fatty acids with oleic acid as the major constituent. 13C and 1H NMR results supported the GC-MS data and it also confirmed the conversion efficiency of converting the vegetable oil into PBD as 87.23%. The shifting and appearance of major peaks in the FT-IR spectrum confirmed the formation of FAMEs from the triglycerides.

scholarly journals Fatty Acid Methyl Esters from the Herbal Industry Wastes as a Potential Feedstock for Biodiesel Production

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3702
Author(s):  
Aneta Sienkiewicz ◽  
Alicja Piotrowska-Niczyporuk ◽  
Andrzej Bajguz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Selected Ion Monitoring ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Potential Resource

Due to thegrowing awareness of fossil fuel depletion and environmental issues, biodiesel alternative fuel is currently of substantial interest. This research assessed herbal industry wastes as a potential resource for biodiesel production for the first time. Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), obtained in the transesterification reaction, were extracted from the herbal samples by ultrasound-assisted extraction and identified withgas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the selected ion monitoring mode. The presence of at least 20 (e.g., in chamomile and chicory) FAMEs, up to 31 in nettle and senna, was reported. The unsaturated FAMEs were found in higher amounts than saturated. Linoleic acidwas the major polyunsaturated FAME in herbal wastes, while palmitic acid was the major saturated FAME. The highest content of FAMEs was identified in rye bran, Figure tea, and chicory. According to the cetane number prediction, BS EN 14214:2012+A2:2019, and hierarchical clustering on principal components (HCPC)wastes from, e.g., nettle, sage, and senna, are the most suitable in biodiesel production with fuel properties acceptable by the EuropeanStandards.Principal component analysis and HCPC allowed to classify and groupsimilar plants according to their FAMEs content; however, additional studies of herbal biofuel properties are needed.

scholarly journals Utilization Of Sterol Glycosides In Fame (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Byproducts From The Biodiesel Industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Noor Ridha Yanti ◽  
Meilana Dharma Putra ◽  
Agung Nugroho ◽  
Hesty Heryani
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
By Products

In recent years, the development of renewable energy such as biodiesel has been widely researched throughout the world as technology advances in the era of Industry 4.0. At the final station of biodiesel production in the maturation tank, the by-products will form by-products in the form of sterol glycosides in Fatty Acid Methyl Esters which have not been utilized. This study aims to determine the volume of biodiesel from a mixture of sterol glycosides with a ratio of 0.5% H2SO4 catalyst concentration; 1%; 1.5% and 2% and tested their characteristics in accordance with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 7182: 2015). Biodiesel production was carried out by esterification with a molar ratio of 1:6 (sterol glycoside: methanol) to variations in H2SO4 catalyst concentration. The results of the highest yield volume biodiesel were obtained from a catalyst concentration of 1.5% of 28.02% and the lowest yield of 17.50% in a 0.5% catalyst. Based on the characteristic test of biodiesel by varying the concentration of catalyst H2SO4 obtained density of 852 – 862 kg m-3, viscosity of 4.642 – 4.950 mm2 s-1 and saponification number of 191.007 – 198.164 mg-KOH g-1 according to standard characteristics SNI 7182:2015, while for the water content of 0.1965 – 0.1976% and acid numbers of 2.151 – 3.232 mg-KOH g-1 isn’t according to standard characteristics. Based on research, pre-treatment treatments was recommended before the refining process to reduce the amount of acid and moisture content so according to standard characteristics.

scholarly journals Production, Characterization and Glycerine Analysis of Soybean Oil and Its Biodiesel

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
I. I. Ogedengbe ◽  
E. I. Bello
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Copper Strip ◽  
Extraction Flask ◽  
Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Analysis Process

Aims: To examine the viability of Soybean Oil as a feedstock for Biodiesel production by carrying out its characterization and examining its thermodynamic properties to see if they are within ASTM limits. Study Design: Place and Duration of Study-The production was conducted in the Department of Mechanical Engineering of the University while the characterization of the Biodiesel was conducted at the Postgraduate Research Laboratory. Samples of Glycine ma (L.) merril were obtained from a local market in the Akure town of Ondo State, Nigeria in October of 2014.  Methodology: Oil Extraction-The oil was extracted using soxhlet extractor, but before extraction the soybeans were crushed in a blender to increase the area exposed to the petroleum ether solvent. The extraction flask was dried in an oven at 105°C and the weight was measured after cooling. 2.5 g of soybean was poured into the flask and leached for 5 hours after which extraction flask was removed from the mantle heater after all the petroleum ether was removed with rotary evaporator and the oil was oven dried at 105°C for one hour to remove any water present. The flask was finally cooled to room temperature in a desiccators and the weight of the flask and dried oil was again measured. Transesterification and Glycerine Analysis Process: 50 mg of the extracted oil was esterified 5 times at 95°C with 3.5 ml of the 0.5 M KOH of dried methanol. The mixture was neutralized using 0.7M HCL. 3 ml of 14% boron triflouride in methanol was added and the mixture was heated for 5 minutes at 90°C to achieve completed methylation process. The fatty acid methyl esters were thrice extracted from the mixture with redistilled methanol. The content was concentrated to 1mL for gas chromatography analysis and 1 µL was injected into the port of the Gas Chromatograph analyzer. Results: most of the pertinent parameters for the determination of validity were found to be within ASTM limits, namely: Flash Point (135°c / 130°c min); Kinematic Viscosity (4.80 / between 1.9 - 6); Cetane number (55 / 47 min); Copper Strip Corrosion (1 / 3 max); %Carbon Residue (0.12 / 0.050); %Sulphated Ash (0.044 / 0.020). Conclusion: Given the obviously good numbers associated with the study relative to ASTM standards, Soybean is a viable source of Biodiesel. However, further study could explore the use of Soybean chaff and other waste matter obtainable from it rather than the entire crop.

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