Studies on optimization of transesterification of certain oils to produce biodiesel

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Edible Oils ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Edible Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative

The oil seed production in the country presently meets only 60-70% of its total edible oil requirements and the rest is met through imports. India also has a potential of collecting 5 million tons of tree-borne oilseeds (TBO) of which only one million tons are being collected presently. The consumption of edible oil is very high in the country and still the indigenous production does not meet the demand and considerable amount of edible oil is imported and it is therefore, not advisable to divert these sources for biodiesel production. On the other hand, the non-edible oil resources can be a solution for biodiesel production. Non- edible oil from the plant seeds is the most promising alternative fuel for internal combustion engine because it is renewable, environment friendly, non-toxic, biodegradable has no sulphur and aromatics, has favourable combustion value and higher cetane number. Extensive work has been done on the transesterification of non-edible oils; however, no significant work has been done on the optimization of transesterification process, oil characterization and fuel analysis of most of the non-edible seed oils. In the present work, optimization of transesterification process and analysis of biodiesel from non-edible oil was done; based on optimized protocol for biodiesel production from non-edible oilseeds of Neem and Pongamia converted into fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) through base catalyzed transesterification using an optimum ratio of 1:6 (Oil : Methanol) at 60oC. Biodiesel from these sources was analyzed for qualitative and quantitative characterization by using, GC-MS and FT-IR techniques. Based on qualitative and quantitative analysis of biodiesel, it is concluded that the biodiesel from these species can be feasible, cost effective and environment friendly.

scholarly journals Biodiesel Preparation, Process Optimization and Characterization from Neem seed Oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 525-527
Author(s):  
Anusha P
Keyword(s):  
Seed Oil ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Edible Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Neem Seed ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Neem Seed Oil ◽  
Ft Ir

Abstract: The consumption of edible oil is very high in the country and still the indigenous production does not meet the demand and considerable amount of edible oil is imported. Also, it is not advisable to divert these sources for biodiesel production. On the other hand, the non-edible oil resources could be a solution for biodiesel production. Non-edible oil from the plant seeds is the most promising alternative fuel for internal combustion engine because it is renewable, environment friendly, non-toxic, biodegradable has no sulphur and aromatics, has favourable combustion value and higher cetane number. Extensive work has been done on the transesterification of non-edible oils; however, no significant work has been done on the optimization of transesterification process, oil characterization and fuel analysis of most of the non-edible seed oils. Low cost and abundantly found non-edible oils such as Neem oil could be a better option for biodiesel processing. In the present work, optimization of transesterification process and analysis of biodiesel from non-edible oil was done; based on optimized protocol for biodiesel production from Neem seed oil converted into fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) through base catalyzed trans esterification using an optimum ratio of 1:6 (Oil : Methanol) at 600C. Biodiesel from these sources was analyzed for qualitative and quantitative characterization by using, GC-MS and FT-IR techniques. Based on qualitative and quantitative analysis of biodiesel, it is concluded that the biodiesel from these species can be feasible, cost effective and environment friendly. Keywords: Neem oil, Biodiesel, Tran’s esterification, GC-MS, and FT-IR.

Biodiesel production using immobilized lipase supported on a zirconium-pillared clay. Effect of the immobilization method

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Colín-Luna ◽  
E.G. Zamora-Rodea ◽  
M.M. González-Brambila ◽  
E. Barrera-Calva ◽  
R. Rosas-Cedillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Edible Oils ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Immobilized Lipase ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pillared Clay ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Low Energy Consumption ◽  
Rivers And Lakes ◽  
Heterogeneous Phase

AbstractEdible oils, used in restaurants and households, have become a potential source of environmental pollution because their residuals are indiscriminately poured into rivers and lakes. One cost-effective and sustainable way to treat this waste is using this biomass in the production of biofuels, such as biodiesel. The main reactions for obtaining biodiesel are catalyzed in a homogeneous phase, using basic or acid solutions (NaOH or H2SO4, respectively) or in a heterogeneous phase, using a porous material with or without metals. One interesting reaction, owing to its low energy consumption, is carried out using biocatalysts of enzymes immobilized in porous materials. In this work, a porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL) was immobilized in a zirconium-pillared clay (Zr-PILC) by means of two syntheses: adsorption (PPL/Zr-PILC ADS) and cross-linking (PPL/Zr-PILC CL). The biocatalysts were used in the transesterification of canola oil. The amount of methyl esters was produced in the order Zr-PILC ≈ PPL ≪ PPL/Zr-PILC CL ≪ PPL/Zr-PILC ADS. According to these results, the activity and selectivity are a function of the method of synthesis and show the potential of these biocatalysts to transform waste oil in biodiesel at low cost by means of a sustainable process.

scholarly journals RAPE SEED OIL TETRAHYDROFURFURYLESTERS

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
K. Malins ◽  
V. Kampars ◽  
R. Kampare ◽  
T. Rusakova
Keyword(s):  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Cold Filter Plugging Point ◽  
Mineral Oils

The transesterification of vegetable oil using various kinds of alcohols is a simple and efficient renewable fuel synthesis technique. Products obtained by modifying natural triglycerides in transesterification reaction substitute fossil fuels and mineral oils. Currently the most significant is the biodiesel, a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters, which is obtained in a reaction with methanol, which in turn is obtained from fossil raw materials. In biodiesel production it would be more appropriate to use alcohols which can be obtained from renewable local raw materials. Ethanol rouses interest as a possible reagent, however, its production locally is based on the use of grain and therefore competes with food production so it would implicitly cause increase in food prices. Another raw material option is alcohols that can be obtained from furfurole. Furfurole is obtained in dehydration process from pentose sugars which can be extracted from crop straw, husk and other residues of agricultural production. From furfurole the tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA), a raw material for biodiesel, can be produced. By transesterifying rapeseed oil with THFA it would be possible to obtain completely renewable biodiesel with properties very close to diesel [2-4]. With the purpose of developing the synthesis of such fuel, in this work a three-stage synthesis of rapeseed oil tetrahydrofurfurylesters (ROTHFE) in sulphuric acid presence has been performed, achieving product with purity over 98%. The most important qualitative factors of ROTHFE have been determined - cold filter plugging point, cetane number, water content, Iodine value, phosphorus content, density, viscosity and oxidative stability.

Direct Methanolysis of Oleaginous Yeast Biomass (Pseudozyma parantarctica) to Microbial Biodiesel

2017 ◽  
Vol 753 ◽  
pp. 259-263
Author(s):  
Atsdawut Areesirisuk ◽  
Chiu Hsia Chiu ◽  
Tsair Bor Yen ◽  
Jia Hsin Guo
Keyword(s):  
Oleaginous Yeast ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Intracellular Lipids ◽  
Yeast Biomass ◽  
Cellular Lipids ◽  
Astm D6751

In this study, intracellular lipids of a novel oleaginous biomass of P. parantarctica were converted to biodiesel directly using simple acid catalyst methanolysis. The optimum condition of this method was investigated. Under optimum conditions (0.1 M H2SO4, 10 h reaction time, 65°C reaction temperature, and 1:20 (w/v) biomass-to-methanol ratio), the yield of crude biodiesel was 93.18 ± 2.09% based on total cellular lipids. The composition of crude biodiesel was C16:C18 fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) for 91.91%. Especially, the C18:1 methyl ester was the main FAME (47.10%). In addition, the result showed that this technique could produce the microbial biodiesel from biomass containing high free fatty acids (FFAs) without soap formation. The predicted cetane number and kinematic viscosity of biodiesel were characterized according to ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards. Our results indicated that this process produces a good quality biodiesel. Moreover, it can decrease the manufacturing costs of microbial biodiesel production from oleaginous yeast biomass without cell disruption and lipid extraction.

scholarly journals Potential Applications of Native Cyanobacterium Isolate (Arthrospira platensis NIOF17/003) for Biodiesel Production and Utilization of Its Byproduct in Marine Rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis) Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Zaki ◽  
Mohamed Ashour ◽  
Ahmed M. M. Heneash ◽  
Mohamed M. Mabrouk ◽  
Ahmed E. Alprol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brachionus Plicatilis ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Arthrospira Platensis ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Cold Filter Plugging Point ◽  
Rotifer Brachionus Plicatilis

To achieve strong, successful and commercial aqua-biotechnological microalgae applications, screening, isolation, molecular identification, and physiological characterizations are needed. In the current study, a native cyanobacteria strain Arthrospira platensis NIOF17/003 was isolated from the surface water of El-Khadra Lake, a saline-alkaline lake located in Wadi El-Natrun, Egypt. The cyanobacterium was phylogenetically identified by 16S rRNA molecular marker and deposited in the GenBank database (accession number MW396472). The late exponential phase of A. platensis NIOF17/003 was reached at the 8th day of growth using Zarrouk medium, with a recorded dry weight (DW) of 0.845 g L−1. The isolated strain showed 52% of protein, 14% of carbohydrate, biomass productivity of 143.83 mg L−1 day−1, 8.5% of lipid, and lipid productivity of 14.37 mg L−1 day−1. In general, the values of cetane number, iodine value, cold filter plugging point (52.9, 85.5 g I2/100 g oil, and −2.2 °C, respectively) of the isolated fatty acid methyl esters are in accordance with those suggested by international standards. Besides, applying algal-free lipid (FL) as biodiesel byproduct in the production of rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis) revealed that a 0.6 g L−1 FL significantly increased the rotifer population females carrying eggs, confirming that FL can be used efficiently for B. plicatilis production. The current study concluded that the new isolate A. platensis NIOF17/003 is a promising strain for double sustainable use in biodiesel production and aquaculture feed.

scholarly journals Estimated Effectiveness and Cost-effectiveness of a Fortified Edible Oils Program in Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1735-1735
Author(s):  
Stephen Vosti ◽  
Reina Engle-Stone ◽  
Demewoz Woldegebreal ◽  
Hanqi Luo ◽  
Elias Asfaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Edible Oil ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Program Costs ◽  
Gates Foundation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Young Lives

Abstract Objectives In Ethiopia, standards for fortifying edible oil with vitamin A (VA) exist; they are not yet mandatory. This study assessed inadequate VA intake among children 6–35 months of age and women of reproductive age (WRA), modeled the potential impacts of VA-fortified edible oil on dietary VA adequacy and number of young lives saved, and estimated the cost-effectiveness of this program. Methods Using an adapted 1-day version of the National Cancer Institute method, we analyzed national dietary intake data from the Ethiopian National Food Consumption Survey to estimate usual VA intake and calculate prevalence of inadequate intake (proportion below the Estimated Average Requirement). The Lives Saved Tool (LiST) was used to predict the number of lives saved among children. Program costs were estimated using an activity-based approach and applied to calculate cost-effectiveness of the oil fortification program. Results Nationally, the prevalence of inadequate VA intake was high (∼80% children, ∼82% among women), with substantial spatial variation (children: 92% Amhara to 55% Gambella; WRA: 94% Amhara to 50% SNNP). Simulation results suggest that an edible oil fortification program (2000µg retinol/100g oil) would reduce, but not eliminate, inadequate VA intake among both groups. Nationally, a well-managed oil fortification program would reduce the prevalence of inadequate VA intake among children and WRA by ∼18 and ∼15 percentage points (pp), respectively; for children ∼38 pp in Addis Ababa but by only ∼8 pp in SNNP. Over 10 years, a well-managed program could save between ∼3700–5100 lives, just among non-breastfed children. A program to fortify imported oils (∼98% of all oils consumed in Ethiopia) with VA, including start-up investments and recurring M&E and border inspection activities, would cost ∼US$3.6m over 10 years. The cost-effectiveness of this program over a 10-year period would range from US$706-US$973 per life saved among non-breastfed children. Conclusions Results suggest that fortifying imported edible oils in Ethiopia is a cost-effective way to save young lives. However, this program alone will not be sufficient to eliminate all VA deficiency. Many options for complementary programs exist; program- and region-specific cost-effectiveness measures can help guide policy discussions. Funding Sources Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

scholarly journals Selection of Blends of Diesel Fuel and Advanced Biofuels Based on Their Physical and Thermochemical Properties

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2034 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Rodríguez-Fernández ◽  
Juan José Hernández ◽  
Alejandro Calle-Asensio ◽  
Ángel Ramos ◽  
Javier Barba
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Advanced Biofuels

Current policies focus on encouraging the use of renewable energy sources in transport to reduce the contribution of this sector to global warming and air pollution. In the short-term, attention is focused on developing renewable fuels. Among them, the so-called advanced biofuels, including non-crop and waste-based biofuels, possess important benefits such as higher greenhouse gas (GHG) emission savings and the capacity not to compete with food markets. Recently, European institutions have agreed on specific targets for the new Renewable Energy Directive (2018/2001), including 14% of renewable energy in rail and road transport by 2030. To achieve this, advanced biofuels will be double-counted, and their contribution must be at least 3.5% in 2030 (with a phase-in calendar from 2020). In this work, the fuel properties of blends of regular diesel fuel with four advanced biofuels derived from different sources and production processes are examined. These biofuels are (1) biobutanol produced by microbial ABE fermentation from renewable material, (2) HVO (hydrotreated vegetable oil) derived from hydrogenation of non-edible oils, (3) biodiesel from waste free fatty acids originated in the oil refining industry, and (4) a novel biofuel that combines fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) and glycerol formal esters (FAGE), which contributes to a decrease in the excess of glycerol from current biodiesel plants. Blending ratios include 5, 10, 15, and 20% (% vol.) of biofuel, covering the range expected for biofuels in future years. Pure fuels and some higher ratios are considered as well to complete and discuss the tendencies. In the case of biodiesel and FAME/FAGE blends in diesel, ratios up to 20% meet all requirements set in current fuel quality standards. Larger blending ratios are possible for HVO blends if HVO is additivated to lubricity improvers. For biobutanol blends, the recommended blending ratio is limited to 10% or lower to avoid high water content and low cetane number.

scholarly journals Growth and Fatty Acid Profile of the Aspergillus terreus in Different Culture Media and Temperatures

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e37411125049
Author(s):  
Glalber Luiz da Rocha Ferreira ◽  
José Daniel Gonçalves Vieira ◽  
Emmanuel Bezerra D’Alessandro
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Aspergillus Terreus ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Combustion Properties

Fungi are a promising alternative source of oil to produce biodiesel, still very little known. The identification of a species with desirable characteristics is a fundamental component to achieve the economic viability of the process. The study aimed to carry out the evaluation of the fungus Aspergillus terreus in different culture media and different temperatures, the production of fungal biomass and in line with obtaining the profile of methyl esters of fatty acids. The fungal biomass revealed that in the NBRIP medium at both a temperature of 29 ºC and 36 ºC, it resulted in a great potential in the production of saturated fatty acids (SFA), which have excellent combustion properties, reaching values of 35.89 and 34,89%, respectively. For most species, the fuel would need to be mixed to make up culture conditions to be optimized and achieve the correct lipid profile, so that the fungal fuel meets European biodiesel production standards (EN 14214). Aspergillus terreus from iron ore tailings proved to be a promising microbial biomass as an energy source in the production of biodiesel.

scholarly journals Biodiesel (Methyl Esters)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-43
Author(s):  
Nurul Aina Nasriqah Binti Ma’arof ◽  
Noor Hindryawati ◽  
Siti Norhafiza Mohd Khazaai ◽  
Prakash Bhuyar ◽  
Mohd Hasbi Ab. Rahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Homogeneous System ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Solid Acid Catalysts ◽  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
Esterification Reactions

Biodiesel, an environmentally friendly biomass-based fuel, is gaining popularity globally as a cost-effective way to meet rising fuel demand. However, the high cost of raw materials and catalysts continues to drive up biodiesel production. An alternative feedstock with a heterogeneously catalyzed reaction could be the most cost-effective way to stabilize industrial biodiesel growth. Understanding these issues led to the idea of using waste palm oil as a feedstock for biodiesel production. While using waste materials as feedstock for biodiesel is an elegant solution, converting high free fatty acids (FFA) directly into methyl esters has some drawbacks. High FFA processes (acid esterification, then base transesterification) are costly. The commercial processes currently use a homogeneous system with sulfuric acid to catalyze both esterification and transesterification. However, heterogeneous solid acid catalysts are preferred over hazardous mineral acids for high FFA esterification because they are less corrosive, produce less waste, and are easier to separate from reactants and products by filtration, recovery, and reusability. Heterogeneous acid catalysts can also simultaneously catalyze transesterification and esterification reactions. Thus, new waste-based support for heterogeneous catalysts (solid acid catalysts) is required to convert waste oils into biodiesel.

scholarly journals Extraction and Characterization of Oils from Three Mexican Jatropha Species

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maricela Rodríguez-Acosta ◽  
Jesús Sandoval-Ramírez ◽  
Reyna Zeferino-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Alternative Crops ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
The Arid Regions ◽  
Mexican Species

The composition of seed oil of three endemic Mexican species of Jatropha is described. Oils were analyzed through the formation of their corresponding methyl esters and their yield and composition were found to be close to that of the oil of Jatropha curcas L. The results show that the three species studied are potential sources of biofuels and therefore are promising alternative crops for biodiesel production in the arid regions of Mexico.

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